Correlation Analysis between Gut Microbiota Alterations and the Cytokine Response in Patients with Coronavirus Disease during Hospitalization

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2)

Published: March 7, 2022

The role of the intestinal microbiota in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is being elucidated. Here, we analyzed temporal changes composition and correlation between inflammation biomarkers/cytokines hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We obtained stool specimens, blood samples, patient records from 22 patients performed 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis samples over course onset compared to 40 healthy individual samples. gut plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels. Immediately after admission, differences were observed subjects, mainly including enrichment classes Bacilli Coriobacteriia decrease abundance class Clostridia. bacterial profile continued change throughout hospitalization, with a short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria Faecalibacterium an increase facultatively anaerobic Escherichia-Shigella. A consistent Eggerthella belonging was observed. Clostridia inversely correlated interferon-γ level that phylum Actinobacteria, which enriched COVID-19, positively gp130/sIL-6Rb Dysbiosis even 21 days onset. intestines tended be aerobic environment Because correlates levels cytokines, this finding emphasizes need understand how pathology related specific IMPORTANCE There growing evidence commensal gastrointestinal respiratory tracts regulates local systemic (gut-lung axis). primarily disease, but involvement pathogenesis remains unclear. changed time during These may induce increased permeability, called leaky gut, allowing toxins enter circulatory system further aggravate inflammatory response. Since highlights relates environment,

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Disease and Thrombosis in HIV Infection

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(2), P. 175 - 191

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

HIV infection has transitioned from an acute, fatal disease to a chronic one managed by antiretroviral therapy. Thus, the aging population of people living with (PLWH) continues expand. results in dysregulated immune system, wherein CD4

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1849 - 1849

Published: July 21, 2023

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence infections microbiome, impact dysbiosis infection pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. clinical variability observed SARS-CoV-2 seasonal influenza infections, presence natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, may contribute pathogenesis. has been shown host system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with cells. This review aims enhance our understanding how perturb mucosal cells, affecting response Specifically, we focus exploring between gamma delta (γδ) T cells microbes context inflammatory examine highlighting disease outcomes. Furthermore, discuss emerging evidence potential future directions for modulation therapy

Language: Английский

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MAIT cells and the microbiome

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes, strikingly enriched at mucosal surfaces and characterized by a semi-invariant αβ cell receptor (TCR) recognizing microbial derived intermediates of riboflavin synthesis presented the MHC-Ib molecule MR1. At barrier sites MAIT occupy prime position for interaction with commensal microorganisms, comprising microbiota. The microbiota is rich source antigens required in early life to promote intra-thymic development sustain life-long population tissue resident cells. A symbiotic relationship thought be maintained health whereby microbes maturation homeostasis, turn can engage TCR-dependent "tissue repair" program presence organisms conducive sustaining function integrity community. activation induced MR1-TCR dependent manner or through independent mechanisms

Language: Английский

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Association of gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in people living with HIV

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLWH) chronic inflammation may have an increasing risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity; however, the impact of their gut microbiota on COVID-19 is not fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed temporal changes in composition hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected PLWH (PLWH-CoV) and correlation severity. Result The 16S rRNA analysis results using stool samples (along timeline from onset) 12 PLWH-CoV, whose median CD4 + T cell count was 671 cells/µl, were compared to those 19 healthy people 25 PLWH. Bacterial diversity PLWH-CoV significantly different that SARS-CoV-2 non-infected PLWH, but a significant difference observed classification according Immediately after onset, remarkable changing decrease some short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria increase colitis-related pathobiont. In second week relative amounts specific distinguished between One month dysbiosis persisted, number Enterobacteriaceae, mainly Escherichia-Shigella , which potentially pathogenic, increased enriched patients who developed post-acute sequelae (PASC). Conclusion associated infection this study indicated persistent SCFA-producing intestinal environment opportunistic pathogens enteritis. This report demonstrates tends show delayed improvement even recovery, highlights importance as potential factor severity PASC

Language: Английский

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Role of Microbiota in Viral Infections and Pathological Progression

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 950 - 950

Published: May 1, 2022

Viral infections are influenced by various microorganisms in the environment surrounding target tissue, and correlation between type balance of commensal microbiota is key to establishment infection pathogenicity. Some known resist or promote viral infection, while others involved It also becoming evident that profile under normal conditions influences progression diseases. Thus, understand pathogenesis underlying infections, it important elucidate interactions among viruses, tissues, environment, including microbiota, which should have different relationships with each virus. In this review, we outline role infections. Particularly, focus on gaining an in-depth understanding correlations gut virome, discussing impact changes (dysbiosis) pathological

Language: Английский

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Relevance of biomarkers indicating gut damage and microbial translocation in people living with HIV

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 21, 2023

The intestinal barrier has the daunting task of allowing nutrient absorption while limiting entry microbial products into systemic circulation. HIV infection disrupts and increases permeability, leading to product translocation. Convergent evidence shown that gut damage an enhanced level translocation contribute immune activation, risk non-AIDS comorbidity, mortality in people living with (PLWH). Gut biopsy procedures are invasive, not appropriate or feasible large populations, even though they gold standard for investigation. Thus, validated biomarkers measure degree needed PLWH. Hematological represent objective indication specific medical conditions and/or their severity, should be able measured accurately reproducibly via easily available standardized blood tests. Several plasma damage, i.e., fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), zonulin, regenerating islet-derived protein-3α (REG3α), translocation, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1,3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) have been used markers developing comorbidities cross sectional analyses clinical trials, including those aiming at repair damage. In this review, we critically discuss value different estimation permeability levels, paving way towards diagnostic therapeutic strategies epithelial improve overall disease outcomes

Language: Английский

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Gut Bacterial Communities in HIV-Infected Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: Effects of the Therapy with Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based and Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimens

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 951 - 951

Published: April 6, 2023

Antiretroviral therapies (ART) are strongly associated with weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS) development in HIV-infected patients. Few studies have evaluated the association between gut microbiota integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based protease (PI)-based regimens patients MetS. To assess this, fecal samples were obtained from treated different (16 PI + MetS or 30 INSTI MetS) 18 healthy controls (HCs). The microbial composition was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. INSTI-based PI-based a significant decrease α-diversity compared to HCs. group showed lowest both regimens. A increase abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera (Roseburia, Dorea, Ruminococcus torques, Coprococcus) observed group, while Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Succinivibrio significantly increased group. Moreover, Proteobacteria/Firmicutes ratio overrepresented, functional pathways related biosynthesis LPS components receiving INSTIs more pronounced dysbiosis orchestrated by decreased bacterial richness diversity, an almost complete absence SCFA-producing bacteria alterations pathways. These findings not been previously observed.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Combination antiretroviral therapy has demonstrated proved effectiveness in suppressing viral replication and significantly recovering CD4 + T cell count HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, contributing to a dramatic reduction AIDS morbidity mortality. However, the factors affecting immune reconstitution are extremely complex. Demographic factors, co-infection, baseline level, abnormal activation, cytokine dysregulation may all affect reconstitution. According report, 10–40% of HIV-1-infected patients fail restore normalization function. They referred as immunological non-responders (INRs) who achieve complete have higher mortality rate risk developing other non-AIDS diseases compared with those Heretofore, mechanisms underlying incomplete remain elusive, INRs not effectively treated or mitigated. This review discusses recent progress responsible for summarizes corresponding therapeutic strategies according different improve individual therapy.

Language: Английский

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Association of gut microbiota with COVID‐19 susceptibility and severity: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(4)

Published: April 1, 2023

Abstract Evidence supports the observational associations of gut microbiota with risk COVID‐19; however, it is unclear whether these reflect a causal relationship. This study investigated association COVID‐19 susceptibility and severity. Data were obtained from large‐scale data set ( n = 18 340) Host Genetics Initiative 2 942 817). Causal effects estimated inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‐Egger, median, sensitivity analyses implemented Cochran's Q test, MR‐Egger intercept MR‐PRESSO, leave‐one‐out analysis, funnel plots. For susceptibility, IVW estimates suggested that Gammaproteobacteria (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–0.99, p 0.0295] Streptococcaceae (OR 0.95, CI, 0.92–1.00, 0.0287) had reduced risk, while Negativicutes 1.05, 1.01–1.10, 0.0302), Selenomonadales Bacteroides 1.06, 1.01–1.12, 0.0283), Bacteroidaceae 0.0283) associated an increased (all < 0.05, nominally significant). severity, Subdoligranulum 0.80, 0.69–0.92, 0.0018), Cyanobacteria 0.85, 0.76–0.96, 0.0062), Lactobacillales 0.87, 0.76–0.98, 0.0260), Christensenellaceae 0.77–0.99, 0.0384), Tyzzerella3 0.89, 0.81–0.97, 0.0070), RuminococcaceaeUCG011 0.91, 0.83–0.99, 0.0247) exhibited negative correlations, RikenellaceaeRC9 1.09, 1.01–1.17, 0.0277), LachnospiraceaeUCG008 1.12, 1.00–1.26, 0.0432), MollicutesRF9 1.14, 1.01–1.29, 0.0354) positive correlations Sensitivity validated robustness above associations. These findings suggest might influence severity in way, thus providing novel insights into microbiota‐mediated development mechanism COVID‐19.

Language: Английский

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