Akkermansia muciniphila: paradigm for next-generation beneficial microorganisms

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 625 - 637

Published: May 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Bacteria: Key Components of the Human Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 2211 - 2211

Published: May 6, 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key role in health and disease, as they regulate gut homeostasis their deficiency is involved the pathogenesis of several disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, cardiometabolic disorders. SCFAs are metabolites specific bacterial taxa human microbiota, production influenced by foods or food supplements, mainly prebiotics, direct fostering these taxa. This Review provides an overview SCFAs’ roles functions, SCFA-producing bacteria, from microbiological characteristics taxonomy to biochemical process that lead release SCFAs. Moreover, we will describe potential therapeutic approaches boost levels treat different related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review

Internal and Emergency Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 275 - 293

Published: July 28, 2023

Abstract The intestine is the largest interface between internal body and external environment. intestinal barrier a dynamic system influenced by composition of microbiome activity intercellular connections, regulated hormones, dietary components, inflammatory mediators, enteric nervous (ENS). Over years, it has become increasingly evident that maintaining stable crucial to prevent various potentially harmful substances pathogens from entering Disruption referred as 'leaky gut' or leaky gut wall syndrome seems be characterized release bacterial metabolites endotoxins, such lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into circulation. This condition, mainly caused infections, oxidative stress, high-fat diet, exposure alcohol chronic allergens, dysbiosis, appear highly connected with development and/or progression several metabolic autoimmune systemic diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, bowel type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). In this review, starting description mechanisms enable homeostasis analyzing relationship complex ecosystem pathological conditions, we explore role in driving inflammation, also shedding light on current future therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(23), P. 12836 - 12836

Published: Dec. 6, 2021

The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells their secretions. gut microbiota participates in regulating the integrity function homeostatic balance. Pathogens, xenobiotics food can disrupt barrier, promoting systemic inflammation tissue damage. Genetic factors predispose individuals to dysfunction, changes composition are central this process. progressive identification these has led development concept ‘leaky syndrome’ ‘gut dysbiosis’, which underlie relationship between impairment, metabolic diseases autoimmunity. Understanding mechanisms underlying process is an intriguing subject research diagnosis treatment various extraintestinal diseases.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives in the Treatment of Enteric Infections

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(23), P. 7136 - 7136

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Antibiotics played an important role in controlling the development of enteric infection. However, emergence antibiotic resistance and gut dysbiosis led to a growing interest use natural antimicrobial agents as alternatives for therapy disinfection. Chitosan is nontoxic polymer approved by GRAS (Generally Recognized Safe United States Food Drug Administration). chitosan derivatives can kill microbes neutralizing negative charges on microbial surface. Besides, chemical modifications give better water solubility property. This review gives overview preparation chitosan, its derivatives, conjugates with other polymers nanoparticles properties, explains direct indirect mechanisms action summarizes current treatment infections well infections. Finally, we suggested future directions further research improve develop more useful conjugates.

Language: Английский

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Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 247 - 265

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory and Microbiota-Related Regulation of the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Sept. 13, 2021

The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is one of the largest interfaces between environment and internal milieu body. It essential to limit passage harmful antigens microorganisms and, on other side, assure absorption nutrients water. maintenance this delicate equilibrium tightly regulated as it for human homeostasis. Luminal solutes ions can pass across IEB via two main routes: transcellular pathway or paracellular pathway. Tight junctions (TJs) are a multi-protein complex responsible regulation permeability. TJs control through have key role in maintaining integrity. Several factors, including cytokines, gut microbiota, dietary components known regulate TJs. Gut microbiota participates several functions modulation cells immune system release metabolites, such short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Mediators released by induce cell damage dysfunction. subsequent disruption allows into mucosa leading further inflammation. Growing evidence indicates that dysbiosis, activation, dysfunction diseases, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory disease (IBD), gluten-related conditions. Here we summarize interplay mucosal their involvement IBS, IBD, disorders.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Language: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Acute Colitis by NLRP3 Activation

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(2)

Published: Oct. 7, 2021

The gut microbiota and host immune response interaction influences the progression of intestinal inflammatory disease. As a well-recognized next-generation probiotic, Akkermansia muciniphila has been proved to play crucial role in colitis, but its underlying mechanism remains inconclusive.

Language: Английский

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Weaning stress and intestinal health of piglets: A review

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Weaning is considered to be one of the most critical periods in pig production, which related economic benefits farms. However, actual many piglets are often subjected weaning stress due sudden separation from sow, changes diet and living environment, other social challenges. causes morphology function small intestine piglets, disrupts digestion absorption capacity, destroys intestinal barrier function, ultimately leads reduced feed intake, increased diarrhea rate, growth retardation. Therefore, correctly understanding effects on health have important guiding significance for nutritional regulation injury caused by stress. In this review, we mainly reviewed aspects development, thereby providing a theoretical basis strategies alleviate mammals future studies.

Language: Английский

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