Immunological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis: A review

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 114985 - 114985

Published: June 11, 2023

The gut microbiota is indispensable for maintaining host health by enhancing the host's digestive capacity, safeguarding intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing pathogen invasion. Additionally, exhibits a bidirectional interaction with immune system promotes of to mature. Dysbiosis microbiota, primarily caused factors such as genetic susceptibility, age, BMI, diet, drug abuse, significant contributor inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms underlying diseases resulting from dysbiosis lack systematic categorization. In this study, we summarize normal physiological functions symbiotic in healthy state demonstrate that when occurs due various external factors, are lost, leading pathological damage lining, metabolic disorders, barrier damage. This, turn, triggers disorders eventually causes systems. These discoveries provide fresh perspectives on how diagnose treat unrecognized variables might affect link between illnesses need further studies extensive basic clinical research will still be required investigate relationship future.

Language: Английский

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Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 294 - 294

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review most recent research advancements gut microbiota–immune axis. We discuss detail how microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such maternal imprinting, utero intestinal metabolome, weaning reaction. describe shapes both innate adaptive immunity with emphasis on short-chain fatty acids secondary bile acids. also comprehensively delineate disruption axis results immune-mediated diseases, gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diabetes, hypertension), autoimmunity rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity asthma allergies), psychological anxiety), cancer colorectal hepatic). further encompass role fecal transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary polyphenols reshaping therapeutic potential. Continuing, examine modulates therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, JAK anti-TNF therapies. lastly mention current challenges metagenomics, germ-free models, recapitulation to achieve fundamental understanding regulates immunity. Altogether, this proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from perspective microbiome-targeted interventions.

Language: Английский

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Role of gut microbiota in infectious and inflammatory diseases

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 27, 2023

Thousands of microorganisms compose the human gut microbiota, fighting pathogens in infectious diseases and inhibiting or inducing inflammation different immunological contexts. The microbiome is a dynamic complex ecosystem that helps proliferation, growth, differentiation epithelial immune cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Disorders cause alteration this microbiota lead an imbalance host's regulation. Growing evidence supports microbial community associated with development progression inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding interaction between modulation system fundamental mechanisms involved pathologies, as well for search new treatments. Here we review main bacteria capable impacting response pathologies discuss by which can alter disease outcomes.

Language: Английский

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An open label, non-randomized study assessing a prebiotic fiber intervention in a small cohort of Parkinson’s disease participants

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

Abstract A pro-inflammatory intestinal microbiome is characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Prebiotic fibers change the and this study sought to understand utility prebiotic for use in PD patients. The first experiments demonstrate that fermentation patient stool with increased production beneficial metabolites (short chain fatty acids, SCFA) changed microbiota demonstrating capacity respond favorably prebiotics. Subsequently, an open-label, non-randomized was conducted newly diagnosed, non-medicated ( n = 10) treated participants wherein impact 10 days intervention evaluated. Outcomes well tolerated (primary outcome) safe (secondary associated biological changes microbiota, SCFA, inflammation, neurofilament light chain. Exploratory analyses indicate effects on clinically relevant outcomes. This proof-of-concept offers scientific rationale placebo-controlled trials using ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04512599.

Language: Английский

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The Role of the FODMAP Diet in IBS

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 370 - 370

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

The low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol) diet is a beneficial therapeutic approach for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, how the works still not completely understood. These mechanisms encompass only traditionally known factors such as luminal distension induced by gas water but also recent evidence on role of FOMAPs in modulation visceral hypersensitivity, increases intestinal permeability, induction microbiota changes, production short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), well metabolomics alterations motility. Although most supporting quality, trials have confirmed its effectiveness, even though majority pertains to restriction phase effectiveness relieving abdominal bloating pain. This review examines potential pathophysiological provides an overview existing across various IBS subtypes. Key considerations use include challenges disadvantages associated practical implementation, including need professional guidance, variations individual responses, concerns related microbiota, nutritional deficiencies, development constipation, necessity excluding eating disorder before commencing diet, scarcity long-term data. Despite recognized efficacy symptom management, acknowledging these limitations becomes imperative nuanced comprehension managing IBS. By investigating subtypes addressing emerging modulations alongside limitations, this aims serve valuable resource healthcare practitioners, researchers, navigating intricate landscape

Language: Английский

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Border Control: The Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Epithelial Barrier Function

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 477 - 477

Published: March 8, 2024

The gut mucosal epithelium is one of the largest organs in body and plays a critical role regulating crosstalk between resident microbiome host. To this effect, tight control what permitted through barrier high importance. There should be restricted passage harmful microorganisms antigens while at same time allowing absorption nutrients water. An increased permeability, or “leaky gut”, has been associated with variety diseases ranging from infections, metabolic diseases, inflammatory autoimmune to neurological conditions. Several factors can affect including cytokines, dietary components, microbiome. Here, we discuss how impacts permeability epithelial harnessed for therapeutic purposes.

Language: Английский

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Challenges in Optimizing Nanoplatforms Used for Local and Systemic Delivery in the Oral Cavity

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 626 - 626

Published: May 7, 2024

In this study, we focused on innovative approaches to improve drug administration in oral pathology, especially by transmucosal and transdermal pathways. These improvements refer the type of microneedles used (proposing needles saw), use certain enhancers such as essential oils (which, besides amplifier action, also have intrinsic actions health), associations active substances with synergistic well copolymeric membranes, cemented directly tooth. We propose a review principles release at level mucosa main systems pathology. Controlled failure applicable pathology include following: fast dissolving films, mucoadhesive tablets, hydrogels, intraoral composite wafers, smart drugs. The novelty elements brought paper possibilities optimizing localized delivery system osteoarthritis temporomandibular joint, neuropathic pain, cancer, periodontitis, pericoronitis, maintaining health. would like mention possibility incorporating natural products into controlled paying special attention oils.

Language: Английский

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The emerging role of the gut microbiota and its application in inflammatory bowel disease

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 117302 - 117302

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's and ulcerative colitis, is a complex disorder with an unknown cause. However, the dysbiosis of gut microbiome has been found to play role in IBD etiology, exacerbated immune responses defective intestinal barrier integrity. The can also be potential biomarker for several diseases, IBD. Currently, conventional treatments targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines pathways IBD-associated do not yield effective results. Other therapies that directly target dysbiotic outcomes are emerging. We review health its as diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic This explores emerging advancements microbiome-associated alterations IBD, such nanoparticle or encapsulation delivery, fecal microbiota transplantation, nutritional therapies, microbiome/probiotic engineering, phage therapy, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), proteins, herbal formulas.

Language: Английский

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From Gut Microbiota through Low-Grade Inflammation to Obesity: Key Players and Potential Targets

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 2103 - 2103

Published: May 18, 2022

During the last decades, gut microbiota has gained much interest in relation to human health. Mounting evidence shown a strict association between and obesity its related diseases. Inflammation been appointed as driving force behind this association. Therefore, better understanding of mechanisms by which might influence inflammation host could pave for identification effective strategies reduce inflammation-related diseases, such obesity-related For purpose, we carried out an extensive literature search studies published English language during 10 years. Most relevant were used provide comprehensive view all aspects low-grade with obesity. Accordingly, narrative review reports on key players supporting role modulation complications. Moreover, therapeutic approaches microbiota-related are discussed potential targets future research.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics, Their Extracellular Vesicles and Infectious Diseases

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 30, 2022

Probiotics have been shown to be effective against infectious diseases in clinical trials, with either intestinal or extraintestinal health benefits. Even though probiotic effects are strain-specific, some "widespread effects" include: pathogen inhibition, enhancement of barrier integrity and regulation immune responses. The mechanisms involved the benefits probiotics not completely understood, but these can mediated, at least part, by probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, date, there no trials examining EVs diseases. There is still a long way go bridge gap between basic research practice. This review attempts summarize current knowledge about released bacteria understand their possible role prevention and/or treatment A better understanding whereby package cargo process communication host cells (inter-kingdom communication), would allow further advances this field. In addition, we comment on potential use missing as therapeutic agents (postbiotics) Future needed open new avenues for encapsulation bioactives inside from GRAS (Generally Regarded Safe) bacteria. could scientific novelty applications functional foods pharmaceutical industries.

Language: Английский

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