Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The functional diversity of the mammalian intestinal microbiome far exceeds that host organism, and microbial genes contribute substantially to well-being host. However, beneficial gut organisms can also be pathogenic when present in or other locations body. Among dominant bacteria are several species

Language: Английский

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Quercetin: Its Main Pharmacological Activity and Potential Application in Clinical Medicine

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2020, P. 1 - 13

Published: Dec. 30, 2020

Quercetin is a flavonoid compound widely present in plants and exhibits variety of biological activities. Research on quercetin has shown its potential for medical application. In this research, we elucidate antioxidant mechanism the broad-spectrum antibacterial antiparasite properties; summarise application antioncology cardiovascular protection anti-immunosuppression treatment; demonstrate ability to alleviate toxicity mycotoxins. This research expected offer some insights inspirations further study quercetin, properties, scientific basis better clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 1786 - 1786

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Oxidative stress is important in the pathophysiology of obesity, altering regulatory factors mitochondrial activity, modifying concentration inflammation mediators associated with a large number and size adipocytes, promoting lipogenesis, stimulating differentiation preadipocytes to mature regulating energy balance hypothalamic neurons that control appetite. This review discusses participation oxidative obesity groups compounds found plants antioxidant properties, which include (a) polyphenols such as phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavonoids (flavonols, flavanols, anthocyanins, flavanones, flavones, flavanonols, isoflavones), curcuminoids (b) carotenoids, (c) capsaicinoids casinoids, (d) isothiocyanates, (e) catechins, (f) vitamins. Examples are analyzed, resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, ferulic acid, phloretin, green tea, Hibiscus Sabdariffa, garlic. The activities these depend on their reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers capacity prevent activation NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells), reduce expression target genes, including those participating inflammation. We conclude natural have therapeutic potential for diseases mediated by stress, particularly obesity. Controlled well-designed clinical trials still necessary better know effects compounds.

Language: Английский

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A minireview of quercetin: from its metabolism to possible mechanisms of its biological activities

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 60(19), P. 3290 - 3303

Published: Nov. 4, 2019

Quercetin, one of the most taken flavonoid with diet, belongs to family flavonols in which kaempferol and myricetin are also found. Quercetin occurs as a glycoside (with linked sugars) or an aglycone (without sugars). Although quercetin has many different forms nature, form found plants is quercetin-3-O-glucoside, generally functions pigment that gives color multitude fruits vegetables. The recent literature been reviewed using PubMed, Science Direct, Embase databases. In this article, we respect chemical properties, absorption mechanism, metabolism, bioavailability, food sources, bioactivities, possible health-promoting mechanisms. known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-obesity compound. It thought be beneficial against cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurological obesity, allergy asthma, atopic diseases. Further clinical studies large sample sizes needed determine appropriate dose for preventing

Language: Английский

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Resveratrol and Its Effects on the Vascular System

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 1523 - 1523

Published: March 27, 2019

Resveratrol, the phenolic substance isolated initially from Veratrum grandiflorum and richly present in grapes, wine, peanuts, soy, berries, has been attracting attention of scientists medical doctors for many decades. Herein, we review its effects on vascular system. Studies utilizing cell cultures pre-clinical models showed that resveratrol alleviates oxidative stress inflammation. Furthermore, suppresses smooth muscle proliferation, promotes autophagy, investigated context senescence. Pre-clinical unambiguously demonstrated numerous vasculoprotective resveratrol. In clinical trials, moderately diminished systolic blood pressure hypertensive patients, as well glucose patients with diabetes mellitus. Yet, open questions remain, exemplified by a recent report which states intake might blunt certain positive exercise older persons, further research addressing framework long-term use food supplement, will stay demand.

Language: Английский

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Quercetin and metabolic syndrome: A review

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(10), P. 5352 - 5364

Published: June 8, 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of diseases that lead to mortality due the development cardiovascular problems. Quercetin, as an important flavonoid, has various properties such decreasing blood pressure, anti‐hyperlipidemia, anti‐hyperglycemia, anti‐oxidant, antiviral, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐microbial, neuroprotective, and cardio‐protective effects. In this review article, we collected original articles from different sources Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, Pubmed, which related effect quercetin on improvement signs MetS, including elevated glucose level, hyperlipidemia, obesity, pressure. According these data, may also have role in management metabolic disorders via mechanisms increasing adiponectin, leptin, anti‐oxidant activity, reduction insulin resistance, elevation blocking calcium channel. We attempted make some recommendations application patients. However, it needs do further clinical trials more investigations show real value syndrome.

Language: Английский

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Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 2326 - 2326

Published: March 30, 2020

Heart and blood vessels disorders comprise one of the main causes death worldwide. Pharmacologically active natural compounds have been used as a complementary therapy in cardiovascular disease around world traditional way. Dietary, bioactive compounds, well healthy lifestyles, are considered to prevent coronary artery diseases. Pre-clinical clinical studies reported that consumption plant-food derivatives including polyphenolic peptides, oligosaccharides, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids possess protective effects on This review aims summarize risk factors, pre-clinical trials related cardioprotective properties plant-food-derived compounds. Molecular mechanisms by exert their also highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Improved Oral Absorption of Quercetin from Quercetin Phytosome®, a New Delivery System Based on Food Grade Lecithin

European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 169 - 177

Published: Oct. 16, 2018

The importance of quercetin and flavonoids in the diet as food supplements is well known, literature studies support their potential use to treat several human diseases. Many beneficial properties have been described for quercetin, so much effort has directed into overcoming major drawbacks this natural compound—its poor solubility low oral absorption. aims study were compare a new food-grade lecithin-based formulation Quercetin Phytosome®, unformulated terms simulated gastrointestinal fluids absorption randomized crossover pharmacokinetic healthy volunteers. was determined by vitro incubation fluids, detected ultra performance liquid chromatography. A single-dose, randomized, six-sequence/three-period clinical trial (3 × 3 design) with balanced carryover effect conducted volunteers under fasting conditions. Twelve both sexes an age range 18–50 years recruited; one dose two different doses Phytosome administered orally film-coated tablets. Pharmacokinetic samples collected at twelve time points (from 0 h 24 h) after administration, levels measured HPLC/MS/MS. Data analyzed using Phoenix WinNonlin (v.6.4) software package, most significant parameters calculated. Statistical analysis involved performing two-way ANOVA repeated measures followed post hoc (Tukey's test). Significant improvements (in exposure maximum concentration achieved) obtained compared quercetin. more soluble based on lecithin, Phytosome, recently developed, found facilitate attainment very high plasma quercetin—up 20 times than usually following quercetin—when novel volunteers, it did not any notable side effects. These results suggest that allows administration safe bioavailable manner, thus facilitating effective utilization compound various

Language: Английский

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Quercetin improves nonalcoholic fatty liver by ameliorating inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism in db/db mice

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 33(12), P. 3140 - 3152

Published: Aug. 26, 2019

Multiphase pathological processes involve in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM)‐induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the therapies are quite limited. In present study, hepatoprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of quercetin T2DM‐induced NAFLD were investigated. treatment models established vivo vitro. The results revealed that alleviated serum transaminase levels markedly reduced histological alterations livers. Additionally, restored superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione content Not only that, attenuated production interleukin 1 beta, 6, TNF‐α. Accompanied by restoration increased total bile acid ( p = .0001) decreased .0005), could reduce lipid accumulation db / mice. Further mechanism studies showed farnesoid X receptor 1/Takeda G‐protein‐coupled 5 signaling pathways was involved regulation metabolism NAFLD. high D‐glucose free cocultured HepG2 cells model, eliminated droplets upregulated cholesterol triglyceride levels. Similar to findings mice, also activate pathway. These suggested might be a potentially effective drug for

Language: Английский

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Anti-Obesity Effects of Polyphenol Intake: Current Status and Future Possibilities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(16), P. 5642 - 5642

Published: Aug. 6, 2020

The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased worldwide over the past three decades. conventional approaches to prevent or treat this syndrome and its associated complications include a balanced diet, an increase energy expenditure, lifestyle modification. Multiple pharmacological non-pharmacological interventions have been developed with aim improving complications. Recently, use functional foods their bioactive components is considered new approach in prevention management disease. Due biological properties, polyphenols may be as nutraceuticals food supplement recommended for different syndromes. Polyphenols are class naturally-occurring phytochemicals, some which shown modulate physiological molecular pathways involved metabolism. could act stimulation β-oxidation, adipocyte differentiation inhibition, counteract oxidative stress, etc. In narrative review, we association between (resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, polyphenolic extracts) obesity, focusing on human trials. health effects depend amount consumed bioavailability. Some results contrasting, probably due various study designs lengths, variation among subjects (age, gender, ethnicity), chemical forms dietary used. But, conclusion, data so far obtained encourage setting trials, necessary validate benefic role obese individuals.

Language: Английский

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