Cureus,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
Background
Autoimmune
hepatitis
(AIH)
is
a
chronic
inflammatory
condition
affecting
the
liver,
ultimately
leading
to
fibrosis,
followed
by
cirrhosis
and
liver
failure.
Although
biopsy
necessary
confirm
disease
outline
different
stages
of
it
associated
with
several
risks
due
its
invasiveness.
Shear-wave
elastography
(SWE)
has
recently
emerged
as
non-invasive
imaging
modality,
representing
stiffness
providing
additional
fibrosis
assessment.
This
study
aims
validate
SWE
for
diagnosing
discriminating
stage
in
AIH
patients.
Methodology
retrospective
cohort
was
conducted
at
Sindh
Institute
Urology
Transplantation,
Karachi,
enrollment
162
patients
diagnosed
between
March
2022
December
2023.
All
participants
underwent
biopsy.
The
were
assessed
using
Metavir
scoring
system.
Demographic,
biochemical,
serological
data
analyzed,
including
autoantibody
serum
IgG
levels.
Diagnostic
accuracy,
sensitivity,
specificity
compared
histopathological
findings.
Results
Of
patients,
71
(43.8%)
males,
91
(56.2%)
females,
mean
age
35.8
±
16.6
years.
had
an
overall
diagnostic
accuracy
92.11%,
sensitivity
82.86%,
98.7%
predicting
stages.
effective
differentiating
early
(F1-F2),
while
showed
reduced
advanced
(F3-F4).
Female
gender
(p
=
0.009),
elevated
bilirubin
titers,
levels
0.043)
significant
factors
related
fibrosis.
Conclusions
shown
high
estimation
AIH,
especially
Sensitivity
lowered
very
valuable
alternative
Its
use
may
decrease
procedural
risks,
accelerate
diagnosis,
improve
outcomes
AIH.
Further
multicenter
studies
are
recommended
confirmation
explore
comparative
performance
against
other
approaches.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: April 10, 2024
Macrophages
are
crucial
cells
in
the
human
body's
innate
immunity
and
engaged
a
variety
of
non-inflammatory
reactions.
can
develop
into
two
kinds
when
stimulated
by
distinct
internal
environments:
pro-inflammatory
M1-like
macrophages
anti-inflammatory
M2-type
macrophages.
During
inflammation,
activated
alternatively,
maintaining
reasonably
steady
ratio
is
critical
for
homeostasis
Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
95(4), P. 2579 - 2587
Published: Jan. 16, 2023
Early
diagnosis
of
hepatic
inflammation
is
the
key
to
timely
treatment
and
avoid
worsening
liver
inflammation.
Near-infrared
fluorescence
(NIRF)
probes
have
high
sensitivity
but
low
spatial
resolution
in
lesion
imaging,
while
photoacoustic
(PA)
imaging
has
good
location
information.
Therefore,
development
a
NIRF/PA
dual-modal
probe
integrated
with
feedback
can
achieve
an
accurate
early
Here,
we
report
activatable
(hCy-Tf-CA)
for
detection
superoxide
anion
(O2·–)
hCy-Tf-CA
showed
selectivity
detecting
O2·–
fluctuation
vitro.
More
importantly,
by
introducing
hepatocyte-targeting
cholic
acid
(CA),
successfully
achieved
situ
acute
inflammatory
injury
(AILI)
autoimmune
hepatitis
(AIH)
vivo.
The
introduced
CA
not
only
promotes
targeting
accumulation
also
improves
performance
background
provides
effective
strategy
significantly
improving
holds
great
potential
early,
sensitive,
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(4), P. 3487 - 3487
Published: Feb. 9, 2023
Liver
disease
is
one
of
the
leading
public
health
problems
faced
by
healthcare
practitioners
regularly.
As
such,
there
has
been
a
search
for
an
inexpensive,
readily
available,
non-invasive
marker
to
aid
in
monitoring
and
prognosticating
hepatic
disorders.
Recently,
red
blood
cell
distribution
width
(RDW)
found
be
associated
with
various
inflammatory
conditions
implications
its
use
as
potential
assessing
progression
prognosis
multiple
conditions.
Multiple
factors
effect
production
whereby
dysfunction
any
process
can
lead
anisocytosis.
Furthermore,
chronic
state
leads
increased
oxidative
stress
produces
cytokines
causing
dysregulation
intracellular
uptake
both
iron
vitamin
B12,
which
reduction
erythropoiesis
increase
RDW.
This
literature
review
reviews
in-depth
pathophysiology
that
may
RDW
correlation
liver
diseases,
including
hepatitis
B,
C,
E,
non-alcoholic
fatty
disease,
autoimmune
hepatitis,
primary
biliary
cirrhosis,
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
In
our
review,
we
examine
prognostic
predictive
injury
disease.
Cell Death and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(7)
Published: July 4, 2024
Abstract
Autoimmune
diseases
commonly
affect
various
systems,
but
their
etiology
and
pathogenesis
remain
unclear.
Currently,
increasing
research
has
highlighted
the
role
of
ferroptosis
in
immune
regulation,
with
cells
being
a
crucial
component
body’s
system.
This
review
provides
an
overview
discusses
relationship
between
ferroptosis,
programmed
cell
death
cells,
autoimmune
diseases.
Additionally,
it
summarizes
key
targets
such
as
GPX4
TFR,
responses.
Furthermore,
release
multiple
molecules,
including
damage-associated
molecular
patterns
(DAMPs),
following
by
is
examined,
these
molecules
further
influence
differentiation
function
thereby
affecting
occurrence
progression
Moreover,
secrete
factors
or
metabolites,
which
also
impact
target
organs
tissues
involved
Iron
chelators,
chloroquine
its
derivatives,
antioxidants,
calreticulin
have
been
demonstrated
to
be
effective
animal
studies
for
certain
diseases,
exerting
anti-inflammatory
immunomodulatory
effects.
Finally,
brief
summary
future
perspectives
on
are
provided,
aiming
guide
disease
treatment
strategies.
Cureus,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
Autoimmune
liver
diseases,
such
as
autoimmune
hepatitis
(AIH)
and
primary
biliary
cholangitis
(PBC),
present
significant
diagnostic
therapeutic
challenges
due
to
overlapping
features
potential
for
severe
complications.
AIH-PBC
overlap
syndrome,
a
rare
condition,
combines
characteristics
of
both
diseases
but
lacks
standardized
treatment
protocols.
We
the
case
42-year-old
male
with
elevated
function
tests,
pruritus,
flatulence,
epigastric
pain.
Laboratory
findings
revealed
cholestatic
pattern,
highly
positive
antinuclear
antibody
titer,
weakly
anti-smooth
muscle
antibody,
immunoglobulin
G,
negative
viral
anti-mitochondrial
markers.
Diagnostic
imaging,
including
abdominal
ultrasound
magnetic
resonance
cholangiopancreatography,
demonstrated
mild
fatty
liver,
slight
irregularity
in
left
duct
wall,
normal
common
bile
without
abnormalities.
Liver
biopsy
confirmed
chronic
dense
portal
lymphoplasmacytic
infiltrate,
scattered
eosinophils,
moderate
interface
hepatitis,
lobular
necroinflammation,
consistent
syndrome.
The
Paris
criteria
were
used
establish
diagnosis.
Treatment
ursodeoxycholic
acid,
prednisolone,
azathioprine
resulted
clinical
biochemical
improvement.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Dec. 14, 2021
Ferroptosis
is
a
newly
discovered
type
of
cell
death
mediated
by
iron-dependent
lipid
peroxide.
The
disturbance
iron
metabolism,
imbalance
the
amino
acid
antioxidant
system,
and
peroxide
accumulation
are
considered
distinct
fingerprints
ferroptosis.
dysregulation
ferroptosis
has
been
intensively
studied
in
recent
years
due
to
its
participation
various
diseases,
including
cancer,
kidney
injury,
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Notably,
increasing
evidence
indicates
that
plays
different
roles
wide
spectrum
liver
On
one
hand,
inhibiting
may
counteract
pathophysiological
progression
several
such
as
alcoholic
nonalcoholic
steatosis
hepatitis
fibrosis.
other
inducing
restrict
emergence
secondary
resistance
current
medicines,
sorafenib,
for
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
therapy.
Here,
we
summarize
biological
characteristics
regulatory
signalling
pathways
involved
disease.
available
medical
agents
targeting
ferroptosis,
inducers
or
inhibitors
applied
also
reviewed.
This
work
aims
provide
new
insight
into
emerging
role
pathogenesis
therapeutic
approaches
