Brain size evolution in anurans: a review

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 69(3), P. 265 - 279

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Abstract Selection pressure is an important force in shaping the evolution of vertebrate brain size among populations within species as well between species. The tightly linked to natural and sexual selection, life-history traits. In particular, increased environmental stress, intensity slower life history usually result enlarged brains. However, although previous studies have addressed causes evolution, no systematic reviews been conducted explain anurans. Here, we review whether supports cognitive buffer hypothesis (CBH), expensive tissue (ETH), or developmental cost (DCH) by analyzing intraspecific and/or interspecific patterns regions (i.e., olfactory nerves, bulbs, telencephalon, optic tectum, cerebellum) associated with ecological factors (habitat, diet predator risk), selection intensity, traits (age at maturity, mean age, longevity, clutch egg size, testis sperm length), other energetic organs. Our findings suggest that anurans CBH, ETH DCH. We also future directions for studying relationships crypsis ordinary mucous glands skin), food alteration different stages.

Language: Английский

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Variation in somatic condition and testis mass in Feirana quadranus along an altitudinal gradient

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(3), P. 277 - 288

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Abstract The competition for fertilization among sperm from different males can drive variation in male reproductive investments. However, the mechanisms shaping allocation and resulting variations investment relative to environmental variables such as resource availability male-male remain poorly known frogs. Here, we investigated inter-population somatic condition testis mass across four populations of swelled vent frog Feirana quadranus along an altitudinal gradient. We found that did not increase with altitude, which was inconsistent previous predictions latitude and/or altitude should result decreased production anurans due shortened breeding seasons decline availability. also no male/female operational sex ratio altitude. exhibited a positive correlation mass, indicated condition-dependent size F. . Moreover, increasing suggest increased intensity competition, thereby mass.

Language: Английский

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No evidence for the expensive-tissue hypothesis in Fejervarya limnocharis

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(3), P. 265 - 276

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Abstract Because the brain is one of energetically most expensive organs animals, trade-offs have been hypothesized to exert constraints on size evolution. The expensive-tissue hypothesis predicts that cost a large should be compensated by decreasing other metabolically costly tissues, such as gut. Here, we analyzed relationships between relative and tissues (i.e., gut, heart, lung, kidney, liver, spleen or limb muscles) among four Fejervarya limnocharis populations test predictions hypothesis. We did not find was negatively correlated with gut length after controlling for body size, which inconsistent prediction also negative correlations mass organs. Our findings suggest brains in F. cannot tissues.

Language: Английский

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Altitudinal implications in organ size in the Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi)

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 69(3), P. 365 - 376

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Abstract Phenotypic flexibility of morphological and physiological traits within species is a common phenomenon across animal taxa. Hesse’s rule predicts that the size an organ should exhibit increase with increasing altitude along environmental gradients due to changes in oxygen supply energy demands. Here, we test prediction by investigating geographical variation relative organs (i.e., heart, lungs, liver, kidneys) ten populations Bufo andrewsi gradient. We found these four specific did not or latitude all populations. also find increased among six located at similar longitude, which inconsistent rule. Our findings suggest demands do necessarily affect

Language: Английский

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Resolving the energy restriction at high altitude: variation in the digestive system of Phrynocephalus vlangalii

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(3), P. 321 - 331

Published: June 3, 2020

Abstract Hypothermic and hypoxic environments create strong selective pressure on native species by affecting, among other things, the relationship between energy intake allocation. In order to detect adaptation of Phrynocephalus vlangalii such limitation, morphological structure argyrophil cells digestive tract 80 individuals from two different altitudes in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were compared using overall anatomy as well paraffin sectioning specific organs. Compared with low-altitude population, high-altitude found have a significantly longer stomach duodenum, wider villus small intestine, larger surface area duodenum jejunum, more argyrophilic duodenum. Our results indicate that histological change may be conductive plateau adaptability P. enhancing efficiency digestion absorption. For general conclusion drawn, comparison populations at both is required addition verifying how phenotypically flexible these traits are.

Language: Английский

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Geographic variation in skin structure in male Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi)

Animal Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 70(2), P. 159 - 174

Published: Nov. 22, 2019

Abstract Variation in organ structure likely provides important clues on local adaptation and reflects the pressure target of natural selection. As one organs, skin plays a key role adapting to complex environments by reducing water loss or increasing absorption. Nevertheless, variation across different populations single species anurans remains enigmatic. Here, we studied geographical male Andrew’s toads ( Bufo andrewsi ) ten using histological methods. We quantified thickness skin, epidermis, loose layer, compact area granular glands (GGs) ordinary mucous (OMGs), width calcified number capillary vessels. found that dermis layer dorsal increased with latitude whereas decreased altitude. Moreover, ventral among populations. Our findings suggest B. is reduce make absorption occur faster high-latitude environments, improving adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Proteomic Analysis of the Small Intestine Reveals Adaptive Strategies for Energy Restriction of <italic>Phrynocephalus vlangalii</italic> at High Altitude

Asian Herpetological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 167 - 174

Published: June 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Relationship between brain size and digestive tract length support the expensive-tissue hypothesis in Feirana quadranus

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

The brain is among the most energetically costly organs in vertebrate body, while size of varies within species. expensive-tissue hypothesis (ETH) predicts that increasing another organ, such as gut, should compensate for cost a small brain. Here, ETH was tested by analyzing relationship between variation and digestive tract length Swelled-vented frog ( Feirana quadranus ). A total 125 individuals across 10 populations ranging from 586 to 1,702 m a.s.l. Qinling-Daba Mountains were sampled. With increase altitude, decreases increases. Different regions do not change their relative consistent manner. sizes telencephalon cerebellum decrease with olfactory nerve increases its at high altitudes. However, bulb optic tectum have no significant altitude. After controlling snout-vent (SVL), negative correlation could be found F. . Therefore, intraspecific follows general patterns this results suggest annual mean temperature precipitation are environmental factors influencing adaptive evolution length. This study also suggests food composition, activity times, habitat complexity potential reasons driving

Language: Английский

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Beneficial role of gut microbes in maintenance of pace-of-life traits in Phrynocephalus vlangalii

Frontiers in Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Nov. 21, 2022

The pace-of-life syndrome theory suggests that species, populations, and individuals are positioned along a slow–fast continuum. However, whether how maintain fast pace of life in slow population remains unknown. In this study, the boldness foraging behavior Phrynocephalus vlangalii from Maduo (4250 m above sea level), typical slow-paced population, were screened frequently. Both behaviors P . significantly recurrent linked with one another. Based on behavior, lizards divided into positive shy groups, their gut microbial diversity studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. No significant difference α was observed; however, existed β microbes between two groups. Principal coordinate analysis indicated groups distinct. Linear discriminant effect size determined group contained more proportion Rikenellaceae Clostridia contrast, had higher Verrucomicrobiota , Verrucomicrobiae Akkermansiaceae Kyoto encyclopedia genes genomes pathway revealed biodegradation metabolism, including lipid metabolism glycan biosynthesis, group; contrary, nucleotide enzyme families group. results showed beneficial intestinal microflora for glucose to satisfy high metabolic energy demand, whereas maintaining an elevated fasting blood glucose, long span, stable sustain life. we validate strong relationship individual’s traits microbiota P. Further, demonstrate microorganisms essential sustaining energy-intensive personality at altitudes.

Language: Английский

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