The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis

International Journal of Oral Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(3)

Published: Sept. 1, 2019

Abstract Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving the destruction of both soft and hard tissue in periodontal region. Although dysbiosis local microbial community initiates inflammation, over-activation host immune response directly activates osteoclastic activity alveolar bone loss. Many studies have reported on cytokine network involved periodontitis its crucial pleiotropic effect recruitment specific immunocytes, control pathobionts induction or suppression activity. Nonetheless, particularities stimulation pathogens oral cavity that lead to complex are far from clarified. Thus, this review, we begin with up-to-date aetiological hypothesis summarize roles cytokines response. In addition, also latest cytokine-related therapeutic measures for disease.

Language: Английский

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Th17 Cells and the IL-23/IL-17 Axis in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis and Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(14), P. 3394 - 3394

Published: July 10, 2019

Innate immunity represents the semi-specific first line of defense and provides initial host response to tissue injury, trauma, pathogens. activates adaptive immunity, both act highly regulated together establish maintain homeostasis. Any dysregulation this interaction can result in chronic inflammation autoimmunity is thought be a major underlying cause initiation progression prevalent immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, bowel among others, periodontitis. Th1 Th2 cells immune system are players pathogenesis IMIDs. In addition, Th17 cells, their key cytokine IL-17, IL-23 seem play pivotal roles. This review aims provide an overview current knowledge about differentiation role IL-17/IL-23 axis Moreover, it association these IMIDs with periodontitis briefly discusses therapeutic potential agents that modulate axis.

Language: Английский

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Oral microbiota in human systematic diseases

International Journal of Oral Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 2, 2022

Abstract Oral bacteria directly affect the disease status of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The dynamic oral microbiota cooperates with host to reflect information immunity metabolism through two-way communication along cavity systemic organs. is one most important interaction windows between human body environment. microenvironment at different sites in has microbial compositions regulated by complex signaling, hosts, external environmental factors. These processes may or health because certain states seem be related composition bacteria, destruction community In this review, we discussed emerging exciting evidence connections microbes multiple diseases, possible contribution microorganisms This review aims enhance interest on whole body, also improve clinician’s understanding role Microbial research dentistry potentially enhances our knowledge pathogenic mechanisms same time, continuous advances frontier field lead a tangible impact health.

Language: Английский

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The oralome and its dysbiosis: New insights into oral microbiome-host interactions

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 1335 - 1360

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

The oralome is the summary of dynamic interactions orchestrated between ecological community oral microorganisms (comprised up to approximately 1000 species bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea and protozoa - microbiome) that live in cavity host. These form a complex ecosystem thrive environment symbiotic relationship with human However, microbial composition significantly affected by interspecies host-microbial interactions, which turn, can impact health disease status In this review, we discuss inter-species take place examine how these change from healthy (eubiotic) (dysbiotic) states. We further dysbiotic signatures associated periodontitis caries their sequalae, (e.g., tooth/bone loss pulpitis), systemic diseases diseases, such as infective endocarditis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's head neck/oral cancer. then current computational techniques assess microbiome changes. Lastly, novel for modulation may help prevention treatment, including standard hygiene methods, prebiotics, probiotics, use nano-sized drug delivery systems (nano-DDS), extracellular polymeric matrix (EPM) disruption, host response modulators.

Language: Английский

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The impact of diabetes on periodontal diseases

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 82(1), P. 214 - 224

Published: Dec. 18, 2019

Abstract The susceptibility and severity of periodontal diseases is made more severe by diabetes, with the impact on disease process inversely proportional to level glycemic control. Although type 1 diabetes mellitus 2 have different etiologies, their bone not identical, they share many same complications. Studies in animals humans agree that both forms increase inflammatory events tissue, impair new formation, expression RANKL response bacterial challenge. High levels glucose, reactive oxygen species, advanced glycation end‐products are found periodontium diabetic individuals lead increased activation nuclear factor‐kappa B cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor interleukin‐1. animals, moreover, suggest there multiple cell types tissues affected including leukocytes, vascular cells, mesenchymal stem ligament fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes. etiology involves host challenge which increases reduces coupled formation. In addition, also modifies oral microbiota render it pathogenic, demonstrated inflammation loss where bacteria transferred from donors germ‐free hosts compared transfer normoglycemic donors. This approach has advantage relying upon limited knowledge specific taxa determine pathogenicity, examines overall rather than presumed pathogenicity a few groups. Thus, animal studies provided insights into pathogenic mechanisms identify cause‐and‐effect relationships difficult perform human studies.

Language: Английский

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The Bacterial Connection between the Oral Cavity and the Gut Diseases

Journal of Dental Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 99(9), P. 1021 - 1029

Published: May 28, 2020

More than 100 trillion symbiotic microorganisms constitutively colonize throughout the human body, including oral cavity, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. The cavity harbors one of most diverse abundant microbial communities within second to community that resides in tract, is composed >770 bacterial species. Advances sequencing technologies help define precise landscape our bodies. Environmental functional differences render composition resident microbiota largely distinct between mouth gut lead development unique ecosystems 2 mucosal sites. However, it apparent there may be a connection these sites context disease pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates bacteria can translocate tract through hematogenous enteral routes. dissemination microbes exacerbate various diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, colorectal cancer. role play extraoral organs, gut, remains elusive. Here, we review recent findings on their possible contribution pathogenesis diseases. Although little known about mechanisms ectopic colonization by bacteria, also discuss potential factors allow gut.

Language: Английский

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Periodontal Disease: The Good, The Bad, and The Unknown

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 7, 2021

Periodontal disease is classically characterized by progressive destruction of the soft and hard tissues periodontal complex, mediated an interplay between dysbiotic microbial communities aberrant immune responses within gingival tissues. Putative pathogens are enriched as resident oral microbiota becomes inflammatory evoke tissue destruction, thus inducing unremitting positive feedback loop proteolysis, inflammation, enrichment for pathogens. Keystone sustained inflammation critical to progression. However, recent studies have revealed importance previously unidentified microbes involved in progression, including various viruses, phages bacterial species. Moreover, newly identified immunological genetic mechanisms, well environmental host factors, diet lifestyle, been discerned years further contributory factors periodontitis. These collectively expanded established narrative In line with this, new ideologies related maintaining health treating existing explored, such application probiotics, limit attenuate The role systemic pathologies, autoimmune disorders diabetes, pathogenesis has noted. Recent additionally reciprocated potentiating states at distal sites, Alzheimer’s disease, bowel diseases, cancer, highlighting cavity health. Here we review long-standing knowledge progression while integrating novel research concepts that broadened our understanding disease. Further, delve into innovative hypotheses may evolve address significant gaps foundational

Language: Английский

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Oral Microbiome and SARS-CoV-2: Beware of Lung Co-infection

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 31, 2020

The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, has become a public health emergency global concern. Like SARS and influenza pandemics, there have been large number cases coinfected with other viruses, fungi, bacteria, some which originate from oral cavity. Capnocytophaga, Veillonella, opportunistic pathogens were found in BALF COVID-19 patients by mNGS. Risk factors such as poor hygiene, cough, increased inhalation under normal or abnormal conditions, mechanical ventilation provide pathway for microorganisms to enter lower respiratory tract thus disease. Lung hypoxia, typical symptoms would favor growth anaerobes facultative originating microbiota. SARS-CoV-2 may aggravate lung disease interacting microbiota via mechanisms involving changes cytokines, T cell responses, effects host conditions aging microbiome due systemic diseases. Because is closely associated co-infections lungs, effective care measures are necessary reduce these infections, especially severe patients. We hope this review will draw attention both scientific clinical communities on role current pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Linkage of Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Evidence and Potential Biological Interactions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(18), P. 4541 - 4541

Published: Sept. 13, 2019

The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal disease (PD) has been the focus of numerous investigations driven by their common pathological features. RA is an autoimmune characterized chronic inflammation, production anti-citrullinated proteins antibodies (ACPA) leading to synovial joint inflammation destruction. PD a inflammatory condition associated with dysbiotic microbial biofilm affecting supporting tissues around teeth destruction mineralized non-mineralized connective tissues. Chronic both similar in predominant adaptive immune phenotype, imbalance pro- anti-inflammatory cytokines role smoking genetic background as risk factors. Structural damage that occurs consequence ultimate cause loss function disability observed progression PD. Interestingly, pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis implicated generation ACPA patients, suggesting direct biological intersection RA. However, more studies are warranted confirm this link, elucidate potential mechanisms involved, ascertain temporal associations This review mainly focused on recent clinical translational research intends discuss provide overview relationship PD, exploring similarities immune-pathological aspects possible linking development diseases. In addition, current available treatments targeting were revised.

Language: Английский

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The Oral Microbiota: Community Composition, Influencing Factors, Pathogenesis, and Interventions

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 29, 2022

The human oral cavity provides a habitat for microbial communities. complexity of its anatomical structure, connectivity to the outside, and moist environment contribute ecological site specificity microbiome colonized therein. Complex endogenous exogenous factors affect occurrence development microbiota, maintain it in dynamic balance. dysbiotic state, which composition is altered microecological balance between host microorganisms disturbed, can lead even systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss current research on influencing it, relationships with common We focus microbiota at different niches cavity, communities microbiome, mycobiome, virome within biofilms, interventions targeting pathogens associated disease. With these data, aim extend our understanding provide new ideas clinical management infectious

Language: Английский

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