Cancers,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(19), P. 4631 - 4631
Published: Sept. 23, 2022
The
treatment
perspectives
of
advanced
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
have
deeply
changed
after
the
introduction
immunotherapy.
results
in
responders
show
improved
survival
compared
with
Sorafenib,
but
only
one-third
patients
achieve
a
significant
benefit
from
treatment.
As
tumor
microenvironment
exerts
central
role
shaping
response
to
immunotherapy,
future
goal
HCC
should
be
identify
proxy
hepatic
tissue
condition
that
is
easy
use
clinical
practice.
Therefore,
search
for
biomarkers
are
accurate
predicting
prognosis
will
hot
topic
therapeutic
management
near
future.
Understanding
mechanisms
resistance
immunotherapy
may
expand
patient
population
it,
and
help
researchers
find
new
combination
regimens
improve
patients’
outcomes.
In
this
review,
we
describe
current
knowledge
on
prognostic
non-invasive
related
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors,
focusing
serological
markers
gut
microbiota.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(6), P. 1370 - 1370
Published: June 1, 2020
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
one
of
the
main
cancer-related
causes
death
worldwide.
Thus,
there
a
constant
search
for
improvement
in
screening,
diagnosis,
and
treatment
strategies
to
improve
prognosis
this
malignancy.
The
identification
useful
biomarkers
surveillance
early
HCC
diagnosis
still
deficient,
with
available
serum
showing
low
sensitivity
heterogeneous
specificity
despite
different
cut-off
points,
even
when
assessed
longitudinally,
or
combination
biomarkers.
In
contrast,
used
prognostic
(when
associated
clinical
outcomes)
predictive
purposes
response)
may
have
an
increased
role
near
future.
Furthermore,
some
are
already
implicated
as
selection
tool,
whether
provide
access
certain
therapies
assess
benefit
after
treatment.
present
review
we
will
discuss
utility
foreseen
future
surveillance,
prognosis,
post-treatment
assessment.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
18(23), P. 12836 - 12836
Published: Dec. 6, 2021
The
intestinal
mucosa
provides
a
selective
permeable
barrier
for
nutrient
absorption
and
protection
from
external
factors.
It
consists
of
epithelial
cells,
immune
cells
their
secretions.
gut
microbiota
participates
in
regulating
the
integrity
function
homeostatic
balance.
Pathogens,
xenobiotics
food
can
disrupt
barrier,
promoting
systemic
inflammation
tissue
damage.
Genetic
factors
predispose
individuals
to
dysfunction,
changes
composition
are
central
this
process.
progressive
identification
these
has
led
development
concept
‘leaky
syndrome’
‘gut
dysbiosis’,
which
underlie
relationship
between
impairment,
metabolic
diseases
autoimmunity.
Understanding
mechanisms
underlying
process
is
an
intriguing
subject
research
diagnosis
treatment
various
extraintestinal
diseases.
Nucleic Acids Research,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
48(D1), P. D554 - D560
Published: Oct. 2, 2019
Abstract
gutMDisorder
(http://bio-annotation.cn/gutMDisorder),
a
manually
curated
database,
aims
at
providing
comprehensive
resource
of
dysbiosis
the
gut
microbiota
in
disorders
and
interventions.
Alterations
composition
microbial
community
play
crucial
roles
development
chronic
disorders.
And
beneficial
effects
drugs,
foods
other
intervention
measures
on
could
be
microbially
mediated.
The
current
version
documents
2263
associations
between
579
microbes
123
or
77
Human,
930
273
33
151
Mouse.
Each
entry
contains
detailed
information
an
association,
including
intestinal
microbe,
disorder
name,
measures,
experimental
technology
platform,
characteristic
samples,
web
sites
for
downloading
sequencing
data,
brief
description
literature
reference,
so
on.
provides
user-friendly
interface
to
browse,
retrieve
each
using
microbes,
disorders,
measures.
It
also
offers
pages
all
entries
submitting
new
experimentally
validated
associations.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Jan. 7, 2021
The
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
is
a
complex
ecosystem,
which
includes
many
different
types
of
cells,
abnormal
vascular
systems,
and
immunosuppressive
cytokines.
TME
serves
an
important
function
in
tolerance
escapes
from
immune
surveillance
leading
to
progression.
Indeed,
there
increasing
evidence
that
gut
microbiome
associated
with
cancer
variety
ways,
as
specific
microbial
signatures
are
known
promote
development
influence
safety,
tolerability,
efficacy
therapies.
Studies
over
the
past
five
years
have
shown
composition
intestinal
microbiota
has
significant
impact
on
anticancer
immunosurveillance,
contribute
therapeutic
activity
immunotherapies
based
targeting
cytotoxic
T
lymphocyte
protein
4
(CTLA-4)
or
programmed
cell
death
1
(PD-1)–programmed
ligand
(PD-L1)
axis.
In
this
review,
we
mainly
discuss
immunotherapy
through
immune-related
mechanisms.
We
subsequently
its
metabolites
host
system
formation
TME.
addition,
review
also
summarizes
latest
research
role
immunotherapy.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(8), P. 1815 - 1815
Published: April 8, 2023
The
gut
microbiota
plays
a
critical
role
in
the
modulation
of
host
metabolism
and
immune
response,
its
impairment
has
been
implicated
many
gastrointestinal
extraintestinal
diseases.
Current
evidence
shows
well-documented
A.
muciniphila
maintaining
integrity
intestinal
barrier,
modulating
improving
several
metabolic
pathways,
making
it
key
element
pathogenesis
human
In
this
scenario,
is
most
promising
next-generation
probiotic
one
first
microbial
species
suitable
for
specific
clinical
use
when
compared
with
traditional
probiotics.
Further
studies
are
needed
to
provide
more
accurate
insight
into
mechanisms
action
better
elucidate
properties
major
areas,
paving
way
integrated
personalized
therapeutic
approach
that
finally
makes
our
knowledge
microbiota.
Nucleic Acids Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 9, 2020
gutMDisorder
(http://bio-annotation.cn/gutMDisorder),
a
manually
curated
database,
aims
at
providing
comprehensive
resource
of
dysbiosis
the
gut
microbiota
in
disorders
and
interventions.
Alterations
composition
microbial
community
play
crucial
roles
development
chronic
disorders.
And
beneficial
effects
drugs,
foods
other
intervention
measures
on
could
be
microbially
mediated.
The
current
version
documents
2263
associations
between
579
microbes
123
or
77
Human,
930
273
33
151
Mouse.
Each
entry
contains
detailed
information
an
association,
including
intestinal
microbe,
disorder
name,
measures,
experimental
technology
platform,
characteristic
samples,
web
sites
for
downloading
sequencing
data,
brief
description
literature
reference,
so
on.
provides
user-friendly
interface
to
browse,
retrieve
each
using
microbes,
disorders,
measures.
It
also
offers
pages
all
entries
submitting
new
experimentally
validated
associations.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 1554 - 1554
Published: Oct. 14, 2019
Immunotherapies
targeting
immune
checkpoints
are
fast-developing
therapeutic
approaches
adopted
for
several
tumor
types
that
trigger
unprecedented
rates
of
durable
clinical
responses.
Immune
checkpoint
programmed
cell
death
protein
1
(PD-1),
expressed
primarily
by
T
cells,
and
ligand
(PD-L1),
mainly
macrophages,
dendritic
molecules
impede
function,
thereby
allowing
cells
to
proliferate,
grow
spread.
PD-1/PD-L1
inhibitors
have
emerged
as
a
promising
treatment
strategy
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
However,
only
minority
HCC
patients
benefit
from
this
therapy.
To
find
niche
inhibition
in
patients,
future
strategies
might
require
predictive
factor-based
patient
selection,
identify
who
likely
respond
the
said
therapy
combination
order
enhance
anti-tumor
efficacy
success.
This
review
provides
an
overview
most
recent
data
pertaining
factors
response
field
HCC.
Hepatology Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
6(6), P. 1492 - 1501
Published: March 9, 2022
The
gut
microbiota
is
a
well-known
prognostic
factor
and
modulator
of
treatment
sensitivity
in
patients
with
cancers
treated
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors.
However,
data
on
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
are
lacking.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
the
role
changes
produced
by
immunotherapy
intestinal
environment
cirrhosis
HCC.
Eleven
Tremelimumab
and/or
Durvalumab
were
included
analysis.
All
participants
underwent
profiling,
quantification
fecal
calprotectin,
serum
levels
zonulin-1,
lipopolysaccharide
binding
protein
(LBP),
programmed
death-ligand
1
(PD-L1)
at
baseline
each
cycle
until
third
cycle,
then
every
three
cycles
discontinuation
or
last
visit.
6
who
achieved
disease
control
(DC)
showed
lower
pretreatment
calprotectin
(median,
12.5;
interquartile
range
[IQR],
5-29
vs.
median,
116;
IQR,
59-129
µg/g;
P
=
0.047)
PD-L1
0.08;
0.07-0.09
1.04;
0.17-1.95
ng/mL;
0.02)
than
nonresponders.
relative
abundance
Akkermansia
(log2
fold
change
[FC],
2.72;
adjusted
[Padj]
0.012)
was
increased,
whereas
that
Enterobacteriaceae
FC,
-2.34;
Padj
0.04)
reduced
DC
group.
During
treatment,
temporal
evolution
opposite
ratio
alpha
diversity,
but
similar
zonulin-1
LBP.
Bifidobacterium
had
stable
behavior
long
follow-up,
while
more
variable.
patterns
causative
relationships
Prevotella,
Veillonella,
Ruminococcus,
Roseburia,
Lachnospira,
Faecalibacterium,
Clostridium.
Conclusion:
A
favorable
composition
low
inflammation
associated
achieving
DC.
dynamically
during
therapy.
Journal of Inflammation Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 17, P. 171 - 189
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract:
Chronic
liver
conditions
are
associated
with
high
mortality
rates
and
have
a
large
adverse
effect
on
human
well-being
as
well
significant
financial
burden.
Currently,
the
only
effective
treatment
available
for
effects
of
failure
cirrhosis
resulting
from
progression
several
chronic
diseases
is
transplantation
carried
out
at
original
location.
This
implies
that
developing
novel
treatments
imperative.
Regenerative
medicine
has
long
been
stem
cell
therapy.
Mesenchymal
cells
(MSCs),
type
great
differentiation
potential,
become
preferred
source
According
to
recent
studies,
MSCs'
paracrine
products—rather
than
their
capacity
differentiation—play
therapeutic
effect.
MSC
exosomes,
extracellular
vesicle
(MSC-EV),
came
into
view
substances
MSCs.
research,
exosomes
can
maintain
tissue
homeostasis,
which
necessary
healthy
function.
All
tissues
contain
them,
they
take
part
in
variety
biological
activities
support
cellular
activity
regeneration
order
preserve
homeostasis.
The
outcomes
use
MSCs
produce
option
range
diseases.
review
provides
brief
overview
MSC-EVs
outlines
physiological
roles
biochemical
capabilities.
elucidation
role
recovery
repair
hepatic
tissues,
contribution
maintaining
discussed
relation
different
aims
provide
new
insights
unique
play
Keywords:
mesenchymal
cells,
disease,
immunomodulation,
homeostasis
