Tumor Heterogeneity: A Great Barrier in the Age of Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 806 - 806

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

Throughout the history of oncology research, tumor heterogeneity has been a major hurdle for successful treatment cancer. As result aberrant changes in microenvironment such as high mutational burden, hypoxic conditions and abnormal vasculature, several malignant subpopulations often exist within single mass. Therapeutic intervention can also increase selective pressure towards with acquired resistance. This phenomenon is cause relapse previously responsive patients, drastically changing expected outcome therapy. In case cancer immunotherapy, substantial barrier resistance takes form antigen escape immunosuppression. an effort to combat intrinsic mechanisms, therapies are combined multi-pronged approach target multiple pathways simultaneously. These multi-therapy regimens have long mainstay clinical chemotherapy cocktails but more recently being investigated emerging landscape immunotherapy. Furthermore, throughput technology becomes affordable accessible, researchers continue deepen their understanding factors that influence shape TME over course regimens. this review, we will investigate give rise impact it on field We discuss how causes various treatments review strategies currently employed overcome challenging hurdle. Finally, outline areas research should be prioritized gain better develop appropriate solutions.

Language: Английский

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Enhanced permeability and retention effect: A key facilitator for solid tumor targeting by nanoparticles

Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 102915 - 102915

Published: May 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the mechanisms and challenges of cancer drug resistance

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Cancer treatment faces many hurdles and resistance is one among them. Anti-cancer strategies are evolving due to innate acquired capacity, governed by genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, metabolic, or microenvironmental cues that ultimately enable selected cancer cells survive progress under unfavorable conditions. Although the mechanism of drug being widely studied generate new target-based drugs with better potency than existing ones. However, broader flexibility in resistance, advanced therapeutic options efficacy need be explored. Combination therapy an alternative a success rate though risk amplified side effects commonplace. Moreover, recent groundbreaking precision immune ways overcome has revolutionized anticancer greater extent only limitation individual-specific needs further attention. This review will focus on challenges opted withstand current therapies at molecular level also highlights emerging -like immunological, stem cell-based may prove have potential challenge problem resistance.

Language: Английский

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Using patient-derived organoids to predict locally advanced or metastatic lung cancer tumor response: A real-world study

Cell Reports Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 100911 - 100911

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Predicting the clinical response to chemotherapeutic or targeted treatment in patients with locally advanced metastatic lung cancer requires an accurate and affordable tool. Tumor organoids are a potential approach precision medicine for predicting treatment. However, their application has rarely been reported because of difficulty generating pure tumor organoids. In this study, we have generated 214 from 107 patients, which 212 (LCOs), primarily derived malignant serous effusions. LCO-based drug sensitivity tests (LCO-DSTs) chemotherapy therapy performed real-world study predict respective LCO-DSTs accurately cohort cancer. conclusion, LCO-DST is promising tool treating

Language: Английский

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Effects and Mechanisms of Curcumin for the Prevention and Management of Cancers: An Updated Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1481 - 1481

Published: July 28, 2022

Cancer is the leading cause of death in world. Curcumin main ingredient turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and widely used food industry. It shows anticancer properties on different types cancers, underlying mechanisms action include inhibiting cell proliferation, suppressing invasion migration, promoting apoptosis, inducing autophagy, decreasing cancer stemness, increasing reactive oxygen species production, reducing inflammation, triggering ferroptosis, regulating gut microbiota, adjuvant therapy. In addition, curcumin demonstrated clinical trials. Moreover, poor water solubility low bioavailability can be improved by a variety nanotechnologies, which will promote its effects. Furthermore, although some adverse effects, such as diarrhea nausea, it generally safe tolerable. This paper an updated review prevention management cancers with special attention to action.

Language: Английский

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Exploiting innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Abstract Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of various types cancers. However, most these immunomodulatory strategies focus on harnessing adaptive immunity, mainly by inhibiting immunosuppressive signaling with immune checkpoint blockade, or enhancing immunostimulatory bispecific T cell engager and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell. Although agents already achieved great success, only a tiny percentage patients could benefit from immunotherapies. Actually, immunotherapy efficacy is determined multiple components in tumor microenvironment beyond immunity. Cells innate arm system, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor neutrophils, natural killer unconventional also participate cancer evasion surveillance. Considering that cornerstone antitumor response, utilizing immunity provides potential therapeutic options for control. Up to now, exploiting agonists stimulator interferon genes, CAR-macrophage -natural therapies, metabolic regulators, novel exhibited potent activities preclinical clinical studies. Here, we summarize latest insights into roles cells discuss advances arm-targeted strategies.

Language: Английский

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Long non-coding RNAs and exosomal lncRNAs: Potential functions in lung cancer progression, drug resistance and tumor microenvironment remodeling

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 112963 - 112963

Published: April 22, 2022

Among the different kinds of tumors threatening human life, lung cancer is one that commonly observed in both males and females. The aggressive behavior interactions occurring tumor microenvironment enhances malignancy this tumor. cells have demonstrated capacity developing chemo- radio-resistance. LncRNAs are a category non-coding RNAs do not encode proteins, but their aberrant expression responsible for development, especially cancer. In present review, we focus on lncRNAs exosomal cancer, ability regulating proliferation metastasis. Cell cycle progression molecular mechanisms related to metastasis such as EMT MMPs regulated by lncRNAs. interact with miRNAs, STAT, Wnt, EZH2, PTEN PI3K/Akt signaling pathways affect cells. demonstrate tumor-suppressor tumor-promoting functions They can be considered biomarkers body fluids potential tools minimally invasive diagnosis. Furthermore, discuss regulation anti-cancer drugs genetic well role these factors therapy response

Language: Английский

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Aberrant m5C hypermethylation mediates intrinsic resistance to gefitinib through NSUN2/YBX1/QSOX1 axis in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: May 9, 2023

RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of various tumors. However, function and molecular mechanism m5C tumor drug resistance remain unclear.The correlation between methylation, writer NOP2/Sun methyltransferase family member 2 (NSUN2) EGFR-TKIs was determined non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines patient samples. The effects NSUN2 on were investigated by gain- loss-of-function assays vitro vivo. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), bisulfite sequencing (RNA-BisSeq) methylated immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR) performed to identify target gene involved resistance. Furthermore, regulatory modulating expression functional rescue puromycin incorporation assays.RNA hypermethylation significantly correlated with intrinsic EGFR-TKIs. Overexpression resulted gefitinib recurrence, while genetic inhibition led regression overcame Integrated RNA-seq m5C-BisSeq analyses identified quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) as a potential aberrant modification. QSOX1 coding sequence region, leading enhanced translation through reader Y-box binding protein (YBX1).Our study reveals via NSUN2-YBX1-QSOX1 axis mediating EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

Language: Английский

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The mechanism of ferroptosis and its related diseases

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Oct. 16, 2023

Abstract Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cellular death characterized by the iron-mediated accumulation lipid peroxides, provides novel avenue for delving into intersection metabolism, oxidative stress, and disease pathology. We have witnessed mounting fascination with ferroptosis, attributed to its pivotal roles across diverse physiological pathological conditions including developmental processes, metabolic dynamics, oncogenic pathways, neurodegenerative cascades, traumatic tissue injuries. By unraveling intricate underpinnings molecular machinery, contributors, signaling conduits, regulatory networks governing researchers aim bridge gap between intricacies this unique mode multifaceted implications health disease. In light rapidly advancing landscape ferroptosis research, we present comprehensive review aiming at extensive in origins progress human diseases. This concludes careful analysis potential treatment approaches carefully designed either inhibit or promote ferroptosis. Additionally, succinctly summarized therapeutic targets compounds that hold promise targeting within various facet underscores burgeoning possibilities manipulating as strategy. summary, enriched insights both investigators practitioners, while fostering an elevated comprehension latent translational utilities. revealing basic processes investigating possibilities, crucial resource scientists medical aiding deep understanding effects situations.

Language: Английский

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Ferroptosis in lung cancer: a novel pathway regulating cell death and a promising target for drug therapy

Cell Death Discovery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: April 1, 2023

Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor that occurs in the human body and poses serious threat to health quality of life. The existing treatment methods mainly include surgical treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. However, due strong metastatic characteristics lung emergence related drug resistance radiation resistance, overall survival rate patients not ideal. There an urgent need develop new strategies or effective drugs treat cancer. Ferroptosis, novel type programmed cell death, different from traditional death pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis so on. It caused by increase iron-dependent reactive oxygen species intracellular iron overload, which leads accumulation lipid peroxides, thus inducing membrane oxidative damage, affecting normal life process cells, finally promoting ferroptosis. regulation ferroptosis closely physiological it involves metabolism, balance between oxygen-free radical reaction peroxidation. A large number studies have confirmed result combined action cellular oxidation/antioxidant system damage/repair, has great potential application therapy. Therefore, this review aims explore therapeutic targets for clarifying regulatory pathway Based on study ferroptosis, mechanism was understood chemical natural compounds targeting were summarized, with aim providing ideas In addition, also provides basis discovery clinical effectively

Language: Английский

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