Novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: the pandemics within the pandemic

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 1109 - 1117

Published: May 17, 2021

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wild white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus )

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(47)

Published: Nov. 3, 2021

Widespread human SARS-CoV-2 infections combined with human-wildlife interactions create the potential for reverse zoonosis from humans to wildlife. We targeted white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serosurveillance based on evidence these have angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors high affinity SARS-CoV-2, are permissive infection, exhibit sustained viral shedding, can transmit conspecifics, social behavior, and be abundant near urban centers. evaluated 624 prepandemic postpandemic serum samples wild four US states exposure. Antibodies were detected in 152 (40%) 2021 using a surrogate virus neutralization test. A subset of tested test showed concordance between tests. These data suggest populations assessed been exposed SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications

Veterinary Quarterly, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 181 - 201

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019-nCoV) is suspected of having originated in 2019 China from a infected bat the genus Rhinolophus. Following initial emergence, possibly facilitated by mammalian bridge host, SARS-CoV-2 currently transmitted across globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. Results obtained experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus white-tailed deer, rabbits, Egyptian fruit bats, and Syrian hamsters are susceptible to infection, cat-to-cat ferret-to-ferret transmission can take place contact air. However, natural infections have been reported only pet dogs tigers, lions, snow leopards, pumas, gorillas at zoos, farmed mink ferrets. Even though human-to-animal spillover has several instances, animals-to-humans mink-to-humans farms. rapid within population, new mink-associated variant emerged was identified both humans mink. The increasing reports carnivores higher susceptibility belonging this order. sporadic infection domestic wild require further investigation determine if or related Betacoronaviruses get established kept, feral populations, which may eventually act viral reservoirs. This review analyzes current evidence their possible implications on public health.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals: susceptibility of animal species, risk for animal and public health, monitoring, prevention and control

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. To date, animal species known to transmit are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster, house mouse, Egyptian fruit bat, deer mouse white-tailed deer. Among farmed animals, mink have the highest likelihood become infected from or further SARS-CoV-2. In EU, 44 outbreaks were reported 2021 farms seven MSs, while only six 2022 two thus representing a decreasing trend. introduction into usually via humans; this can be controlled by systematically testing people entering adequate biosecurity. current most appropriate monitoring approach for outbreak confirmation based on suspicion, dead clinically sick case increased mortality positive farm personnel genomic surveillance virus variants. analysis showed mink-specific clusters with potential spill back human population. companion cats, ferrets hamsters those at risk infection, which likely originates an human, has no very low impact circulation wild (including zoo animals), mostly carnivores, great apes been naturally cases wildlife so far. Proper disposal waste advised reduce risks spill-over wildlife. Furthermore, contact wildlife, especially if dead, should minimised. No specific recommended apart hunter-harvested clinical signs found-dead. Bats monitored as natural host many coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

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Overcoming the limitations of wildlife disease monitoring

Research Directions One Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Integrated wildlife monitoring (IWM) combines infection dynamics and the ecology of populations, including aspects defining host community network. Developing implementing IWM is a worldwide priority that faces major constraints biases should be considered addressed when these systems. We identify eleven main limitations in establishment IWM, which could summarized into funding lack harmonization information exchange. The solutions proposed to overcome comprise: (i) selecting indicator species through network analysis, (ii) identifying key pathogens investigate monitor, potentially nonspecific health markers, (iii) improve standardize harmonized methodologies can applied as well communication among stakeholders across within countries, (iv) integration new noninvasive technologies (e.g., camera trapping (CT) environmental nucleic acid detection) tools are under ongoing research artificial intelligence speed-up CT analyses, microfluidic polymerase chain reaction sample volume constraints, or filter paper samples facilitate transport). Achieving optimizing must allows drivers epidemics predicting trends changes disease population before pathogen crosses interspecific barriers.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, associated zoonotic concerns, and importance of the One Health approach during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

Veterinary Quarterly, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 50 - 60

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has now affected over 72.5 million people worldwide, with nearly 1.6 deaths reported globally as of December 17, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 been implicated to have originated from bats and pangolins, its intermediate animal hosts are being investigated. Crossing the species barrier exhibition zoonosis in farm (minks), domesticated (cats dogs), wild animals (tigers, puma, lions). Recently, rapid spread infection was mink farms, which led death a myriad minks. clinical pathological findings animal-to-animal transmission minks almost similar observed patients COVID-19. Additionally, virus among associated mutations resulted new mink-associated variant that identified both humans, thereby providing evidence mink-to-human SARS-CoV-2. possible reduced sensitivity neutralizing antibodies poses serious risks is expected direct effect on diagnostic techniques, therapeutics, vaccines currently under development. This article highlights current farmed minks, provides an understanding pathogenesis COVID-19 zoonotic concerns humans emphasis appropriate mitigation measures necessity adopting One Health approach during pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in mustelids

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(3)

Published: March 1, 2021

Abstract American mink and ferret are highly susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but no information is available for other mustelid species. SARS-CoV-2 spreads very efficiently within farms once introduced, by direct indirect contact, high within-farm animal density increases the chance transmission. Between-farm spread likely occur short distance between positive a risk factor. As of 29 January 2021, virus has been reported in 400 eight countries European Union. In most cases, introduction infection into was infected humans. Human health can be at mink-related variant viruses, which establish circulation community, so far these have not shown more transmissible or causing impact compared with circulating SARS-CoV-2. Concerning posed species that may included monitoring plans mink, ferrets, cats, raccoon dogs, white-tailed deer Rhinolophidae bats. All should considered infection; therefore, objective early detection. This includes passive (in place whole territory all where animals bred) also active regular testing. First, frequent testing farm personnel people contact recommended. Furthermore randomly selected (dead sick included) tested using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), ideally weekly intervals (i.e. design prevalence approximately 5% each epidemiological unit, assessed case case). Suspected clinical signs minimum five animals) confirmation infection. Positive samples from sequenced monitor evolution results publicly shared.

Language: Английский

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Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kept Ferrets, Spain

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(7), P. 1994 - 1996

Published: June 21, 2021

We found severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in 6 (8.4%) of 71 ferrets central Spain and isolated sequenced virus from 1 oral rectal swab specimen. Natural infection occurs kept when circulation among humans is high. However, small ferret collections probably cannot maintain circulation.

Language: Английский

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Cryptic SARS-CoV-2 lineage identified on two mink farms as a possible result of long-term undetected circulation in an unknown animal reservoir, Poland, November 2022 to January 2023

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(16)

Published: April 20, 2023

In late 2022 and early 2023, SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected on three mink farms in Poland situated within a few km from each other. Whole-genome sequencing of the viruses two showed that they related to virus identified humans same region 2 years before (B.1.1.307 lineage). Many mutations found, including S protein typical adaptations host. The origin remains be determined.

Language: Английский

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Stepping up from wildlife disease surveillance to integrated wildlife monitoring in Europe

Research in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 149 - 156

Published: Nov. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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