SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wild white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus )

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(47)

Published: Nov. 3, 2021

Widespread human SARS-CoV-2 infections combined with human-wildlife interactions create the potential for reverse zoonosis from humans to wildlife. We targeted white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) serosurveillance based on evidence these have angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors high affinity SARS-CoV-2, are permissive infection, exhibit sustained viral shedding, can transmit conspecifics, social behavior, and be abundant near urban centers. evaluated 624 prepandemic postpandemic serum samples wild four US states exposure. Antibodies were detected in 152 (40%) 2021 using a surrogate virus neutralization test. A subset of tested test showed concordance between tests. These data suggest populations assessed been exposed SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Molecular insights into receptor binding of recent emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Abstract Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have been emerging and some linked to an increase in case numbers globally. However, there is yet a lack understanding the molecular basis for interactions between human ACE2 (hACE2) receptor these VOCs. Here we examined several VOCs including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, demonstrate that five receptor-binding domain (RBD) increased binding affinity hACE2, four pseudoviruses entry into susceptible cells. Crystal structures hACE2-RBD complexes help identify key residues facilitating changes hACE2 affinity. Additionally, soluble protein efficiently prevent most pseudoviruses. Our findings provide important information may development novel therapeutic prophylactic agents targeting mutants.

Language: Английский

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Avian influenza overview December 2022 – March 2023

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Between 3 December 2022 and 1 March 2023 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, was reported in Europe domestic (522) wild (1,138) birds over 24 countries. An unexpected number of HPAI virus detections sea were observed, mainly gull species particularly black-headed gulls (large mortality events observed France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy). The close genetic relationship among viruses collected from suggests a southward spread virus. Moreover, analyses indicate that persisted residential during after summer months. Although retained preferential binding for avian-like receptors, several mutations associated to increased zoonotic potential detected. risk infection poultry due circulating other might increase coming months, as breeding bird colonies move inland with possible overlap production areas. Worldwide, continued Americas, Mexico southern Chile. Peruvian pelican most frequently infected thousands deaths being reported. reporting mammals also probably linked feeding on birds. In Peru, mass event lions January February 2023. Since October 2022, six humans Cambodia (a family cluster 2 people, 2.3.2.1c), China (2, 2.3.4.4b), Ecuador (1, Vietnam unspecified clade), well two A(H5N6) human infections China. currently H5 2.3.4.4b is assessed low general population EU/EEA, moderate occupationally or otherwise exposed people.

Language: Английский

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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to animals and potential host adaptation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 27, 2022

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic, can infect a wide range mammals. Since its spread in humans, secondary host jumps SARS-CoV-2 from humans to multiple domestic and wild populations mammals have been documented. Understanding extent adaptation these animal hosts is critical for assessing threat that spillback animal-adapted into poses. We compare genomic landscapes isolated species profiling mutational biases indicative potentially different selective pressures animals. focus on viral genomes mink ( Neovison vison ) white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus which independent outbreaks driven by onward animal-to-animal transmission reported. identify five candidate mutations animal-specific (NSP9_G37E, Spike_F486L, Spike_N501T, Spike_Y453F, ORF3a_L219V), one (NSP3a_L1035F), though they appear confer minimal advantage human-to-human transmission. No considerable changes mutation rate or evolutionary trajectory has resulted circulation thus far. Our findings suggest was required following human-to-animal spillover, highlighting ‘generalist’ nature as mammalian pathogen.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the risks of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife

One Health Outlook, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: April 6, 2021

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 likely emerged from a wildlife source with transmission to humans followed by rapid geographic spread throughout the globe and severe impacts on both human health global economy. Since onset of pandemic, there have been many instances human-to-animal involving companion, farmed zoo animals, limited evidence for into free-living wildlife. establishment reservoirs infection in wild animals would create significant challenges control could pose threat welfare conservation status We discuss potential exposure, onward persistence an initial selection mammals (bats, canids, felids, mustelids, great apes, rodents cervids). Dynamic risk assessment targeted surveillance are important tools early detection wildlife, here we describe framework collating synthesising emerging information inform Surveillance efforts should be integrated public veterinary initiatives provide insights role epidemiology SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Origin and evolutionary analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 33 - 37

Published: Dec. 31, 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved rapidly into new variants throughout the pandemic. Omicron variant more than 50 mutations when compared with original wild-type strain and been identified globally in numerous countries. In this report, we analyzed mutational profiles of several variants, including per-site mutation rate, to determine evolutionary relationships. was found have a unique profile that other SARS-CoV-2 containing are rare clinical samples. Moreover, presence five mouse-adapted sites suggests may mouse host. Mutations receptor-binding domain (RBD) region, particular, potential implications for ongoing

Language: Английский

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Adaptation, spread and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in farmed minks and associated humans in the Netherlands

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 23, 2021

Abstract In the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020), SARS-CoV-2 was detected in farmed minks and genomic sequencing performed on mink farms farm personnel. Here, we describe outbreak use sequence data with Bayesian phylodynamic methods to explore transmission humans farms. High number infections (68/126) workers (>50% farms) were detected, limited community spread. Three five initial introductions led subsequent spread between until November 2020. Viruses belonging largest cluster acquired an amino acid substitution receptor binding domain Spike protein (position 486), evolved faster longer more widely. Movement people distance statistically significant predictors virus dispersal Our study provides novel insights into highlights importance combining genetic information epidemiological when investigating outbreaks at animal-human interface.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals: susceptibility of animal species, risk for animal and public health, monitoring, prevention and control

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. To date, animal species known to transmit are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster, house mouse, Egyptian fruit bat, deer mouse white-tailed deer. Among farmed animals, mink have the highest likelihood become infected from or further SARS-CoV-2. In EU, 44 outbreaks were reported 2021 farms seven MSs, while only six 2022 two thus representing a decreasing trend. introduction into usually via humans; this can be controlled by systematically testing people entering adequate biosecurity. current most appropriate monitoring approach for outbreak confirmation based on suspicion, dead clinically sick case increased mortality positive farm personnel genomic surveillance virus variants. analysis showed mink-specific clusters with potential spill back human population. companion cats, ferrets hamsters those at risk infection, which likely originates an human, has no very low impact circulation wild (including zoo animals), mostly carnivores, great apes been naturally cases wildlife so far. Proper disposal waste advised reduce risks spill-over wildlife. Furthermore, contact wildlife, especially if dead, should minimised. No specific recommended apart hunter-harvested clinical signs found-dead. Bats monitored as natural host many coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

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Genetic tracing of market wildlife and viruses at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(19), P. 5468 - 5482.e11

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Drivers for a pandemic due to avian influenza and options for One Health mitigation measures

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Avian influenza viruses (AIV) remain prevalent among wild bird populations in the European Union and Economic Area (EU/EEA), leading to significant illness death of birds. Transmission between mammal species has been observed, particularly fur animal farms, where outbreaks have reported. While transmission from infected birds humans is rare, there instances exposure these since 2020 without any symptomatic infections reported EU/EEA. However, continue evolve globally, with migration birds, new strains carrying potential mutations for mammalian adaptation could be selected. If avian A(H5N1) acquire ability spread efficiently humans, large-scale occur due lack immune defences against H5 humans. The emergence AIV capable infecting mammals, including can facilitated by various drivers. Some intrinsic drivers are related virus characteristics or host susceptibility. Other extrinsic may increase mammals thereby stimulating mutation mammals. Extrinsic include ecology species, such as wildlife, human activities like farming practices use natural resources, climatic environmental factors. One Health measures mitigate risk adapting focus on limiting preventing spread. Key options actions enhancing surveillance targeting animals, ensuring access rapid diagnostics, promoting collaboration sectors, considering implementation preventive vaccination poultry. Effective communication different involved target audiences should emphasised, well strengthening veterinary infrastructure, enforcing biosecurity at reducing wildlife contact domestic animals. Careful planning poultry farming, especially areas high waterfowl density, highlighted effective reduction.

Language: Английский

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