Editorial: A Rapid Global Increase in COVID-19 is Due to the Emergence of the EG.5 (Eris) Subvariant of Omicron SARS-CoV-2

Medical Science Monitor, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has currently achieved global domination.EG.5 (Eris) was first reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 17, 2023, and designated as a under monitoring (VUM) July 19, 2023.EG.5 (Eris), its sublineages, EG.5.1, EG.5.1.1,and EG.5.2, is descendent lineage XBB.1.9.2, which same spike amino acid profile XBB.1.5(Kraken).However, EG.5 an additional F456L mutation in protein compared to these parent subvariants, subvariant EG.5.1 another mutation, Q52H.Following risk evaluation WHO, sublineages were interest (VOI) August 8, 2023.In US, Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) provides two-weekly data incidence mortality from COVID-19 variants.The most recent CDC showed increase cases past two weeks, with hospitalizations increasing 14.3% rising 8.3%.In common have been due three Omicron variants: (20.6%);FL.1.5.1 (Fornax) (13.3%); XBB.1.16(Arcturus) (10.7%).This Editorial aims highlight importance rapid virus genomic sequencing continued surveillance identify rapidly emerging variants, such (Eris).

Language: Английский

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Mental health status and related factors influencing healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. e0289454 - e0289454

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Background The mental health of healthcare workers during the coronavirus-2019 pandemic was seriously affected, and risk problems high. present study sought to systematically evaluate worldwide determine latest global frequency COVID-19 associated problems. Methods Data in Cumulative Index Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Elsevier, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO Web Science before November 11, 2022, were searched. Cohort, case-control cross-sectional studies included. meta-analysis used a random effects model synthesize comprehensive prevalence rate Subgroup analyses performed based on time data collection; whether country or not developed; continent; doctors nurses; doctors/nurses vs. other workers; psychological evaluation scale. Results A total 161 included, including 341,014 worldwide, with women accounting for 82.8%. Occupationally, 16.2% doctors, 63.6% nurses 13.3% medical staff. During pandemic, 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35–60%) reported job burnout, 38% CI, 35–41%) experienced anxiety, 34% CI 30–38%) depression, 30% 29–31%) had acute stress disorder, 26% 21–31%) post-traumatic disorder. Conclusions found that there common among care pandemic. most followed by Although has been brought under control, its long-term impact cannot be ignored. Additional research is required develop measures prevent, monitor treat disorders workers.

Language: Английский

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Markov State Models and Perturbation-Based Approaches Reveal Distinct Dynamic Signatures and Hidden Allosteric Pockets in the Emerging SARS-Cov-2 Spike Omicron Variant Complexes with the Host Receptor: The Interplay of Dynamics and Convergent Evolution Modulates Allostery and Functional Mechanisms

Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(16), P. 5272 - 5296

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

The new generation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants displayed a significant growth advantage and increased viral fitness by acquiring convergent mutations, suggesting that the immune pressure can promote evolution leading to sudden acceleration evolution. In current study, we combined structural modeling, microsecond molecular dynamics simulations, Markov state models characterize conformational landscapes identify specific dynamic signatures spike complexes with host receptor ACE2 for recently emerged highly transmissible XBB.1, XBB.1.5, BQ.1, BQ.1.1 variants. Microsecond simulations Markovian modeling provided detailed characterization functional states revealed thermodynamic stabilization XBB.1.5 subvariant, which be contrasted more BQ.1 subvariants. Despite considerable similarities, mutations induce unique distributions states. results suggested variant-specific changes mobility in interfacial loops receptor-binding domain protein fine-tuned through crosstalk between could provide an evolutionary path modulation escape. By combining atomistic analysis perturbation-based approaches, determined important complementary roles mutation sites as effectors receivers allosteric signaling involved plasticity regulation communications. This study also hidden pockets control distribution flexible adaptable regions.

Language: Английский

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AlphaFold2 Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Conformational Ensembles for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Omicron JN.1, KP.2 and KP.3 Variants: Mutational Profiling of Binding Energetics Reveals Epistatic Drivers of the ACE2 Affinity and Escape Hotspots of Antibody Resistance

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1458 - 1458

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

The most recent wave of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants descending from BA.2 and BA.2.86 exhibited improved viral growth fitness due to convergent evolution functional hotspots. These hotspots operate in tandem optimize both receptor binding for effective infection immune evasion efficiency, thereby maintaining overall fitness. lack molecular details on structure, dynamics energetics the latest FLiRT FLuQE with ACE2 antibodies provides a considerable challenge that is explored this study. We combined AlphaFold2-based atomistic predictions structures conformational ensembles spike complexes host dominant JN.1, KP.1, KP.2 KP.3 examine mechanisms underlying role balancing antibody evasion. Using ensemble-based mutational scanning protein residues computations affinities, we identified energy characterized basis epistatic couplings between results suggested existence interactions sites at L455, F456, Q493 positions protect restore ACE2-binding affinity while conferring beneficial escape. To escape mechanisms, performed structure-based profiling several classes displayed impaired neutralization against BA.2.86, KP.3. confirmed experimental data harboring L455S F456L mutations can significantly impair neutralizing activity class 1 monoclonal antibodies, effects mediated by facilitate subsequent convergence Q493E changes rescue binding. Structural energetic analysis provided rationale showing BD55-5840 BD55-5514 bind different epitopes retain efficacy all examined support notion may favor emergence lineages combinations involving mediators control balance high

Language: Английский

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Balancing Functional Tradeoffs between Protein Stability and ACE2 Binding in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.2.75 and XBB Lineages: Dynamics-Based Network Models Reveal Epistatic Effects Modulating Compensatory Dynamic and Energetic Changes

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1143 - 1143

Published: May 10, 2023

Evolutionary and functional studies suggested that the emergence of Omicron variants can be determined by multiple fitness trade-offs including immune escape, binding affinity for ACE2, conformational plasticity, protein stability allosteric modulation. In this study, we systematically characterize dynamics, structural affinities SARS-CoV-2 Spike complexes with host receptor ACE2 BA.2, BA.2.75, XBB.1 XBB.1.5 variants. We combined multiscale molecular simulations dynamic analysis interactions together ensemble-based mutational scanning residues network modeling epistatic interactions. This multifaceted computational study characterized mechanisms identified energetic hotspots mediate predicted increased enhanced BA.2.75 complexes. The results a mechanism driven spatially localized group centers, while allowing functionally beneficial neutral mutations in other interface positions. A network-based community model contributions is proposed revealing key role R498 Y501 mediating community-based couplings sites compensatory dynamics changes. also showed convergent evolutionary hotspot F486 modulate not only local but rewire global communities region F486P mutation to restore both variant which may explain growth advantages over variant. are consistent broad range rationalizing roles form coordinated enabling balance tradeoffs shaping up complex landscape virus transmissibility.

Language: Английский

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Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 1502 - 1502

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been met with an unprecedented response from the scientific community, leading to development, investigation, and authorization of vaccines antivirals, ultimately reducing impact SARS-CoV-2 on global public health. However, is far being eradicated, continues evolve, causes substantial health economic burdens. In this narrative review, we posit essential points its responsible management during transition acute phase pandemic. As discussed, despite Omicron (sub)variant(s) causing clinically milder infections, a negligible pathogen. It requires continued genomic surveillance, particularly if one considers that future (sub)lineages do not necessarily have be milder. Antivirals remain elements in management. former could benefit further development improvements dosing, while seasonal administration latter simplification increase interest tackle vaccine hesitancy. also ensure accessibility pharmaceuticals low-income countries improve understanding their use context long-term goals Regardless location, primary role awareness education must played by healthcare workers, who directly communicate patients serve as models for healthy behaviors.

Language: Английский

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Breakthrough infection elicits hypermutated IGHV3-53/3-66 public antibodies with broad and potent neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants including the emerging EG.5 lineages

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. e1011856 - e1011856

Published: Dec. 4, 2023

The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOCs) calls for efforts to study broadly neutralizing antibodies elicited by infection or vaccination so as inform the development vaccines and antibody therapeutics with broad protection. Here, we identified two convalescents breakthrough relatively high titers against all tested viruses. Among 50 spike-specific monoclonal (mAbs) cloned from their B cells, top 6 mAbs (KXD01-06) belong previously defined IGHV3-53/3-66 public antibodies. Although most in this class are dramatically escaped VOCs, KXD01-06 exhibit capacity, particularly KXD01-03, which neutralize prototype emerging EG.5.1 FL.1.5.1. Deep mutational scanning reveals that can be current prospective mutations on D420, Y421, L455, F456, N460, A475 N487. Genetic functional analysis further indicates extent somatic hypermutation is critical breadth other Overall, prevalence these provides rationale novel based Meanwhile, developed candidates through affinity maturation.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Review of the State of the Art in Research on the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and SARS-CoV-2, Scope of Knowledge between Coronaviruses

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 238 - 238

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

This review presents comparative information corresponding to the progress in knowledge of some aspects infection by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronaviruses. PEDV is an alphacoronavirus great economic importance due million-dollar losses it generates pig industry. has many similarities SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19 disease. possible scenarios for based on collected literature tools or strategies currently developed would be useful research. The speed study generation control pandemic was derived from infections caused other human coronaviruses such as (SARS) middle east (MERS). Therefore, obtained several coronaviruses, current future behavior could inferred and, with large amount COVID-19, improved probably new emerging re-emerging

Language: Английский

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A mini review of reinfection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

COVID-19 has caused severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. After the end of dynamic zero-COVID policy in China December, 2022, concerns regarding reinfection were raised while little was known due to lack surveillance data this country.

Language: Английский

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Molecular In-Depth on the Epidemiological Expansion of SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 912 - 912

Published: March 31, 2023

Since the beginning of pandemic, generation new variants periodically recurs. The XBB.1.5 SARS-CoV-2 variant is one most recent. This research was aimed at verifying potential hazard this subvariant. To achieve objective, we performed a genome-based integrative approach, integrating results from genetic variability/phylodynamics with structural and immunoinformatic analyses to obtain as comprehensive viewpoint possible. Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) shows that viral population size reached plateau phase on 24 November 2022, number lineages peaked same time. evolutionary rate relatively low, amounting 6.9 × 10-4 subs/sites/years. NTD domain identical for XBB.1 whereas their RBDs only differ mutations position 486, where Phe (in original Wuhan) replaced by Ser in XBB XBB.1, Pro XBB.1.5. seems spread more slowly than sub-variants have caused concerns 2022. multidisciplinary molecular in-depth here does not provide evidence particularly high risk expansion. Results indicate possess features become new, global, public health threat. As now, its current make-up, represent dangerous variant.

Language: Английский

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