Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 3625 - 3637

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on potential association between microbiota various neuropsychiatric disorders. resides in parts body, such oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, vagina. gut gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance role psychiatric neurodegenerative However, presents other tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial immune system homeostasis, thus influencing development progression For example, imbalance associated periodontitis might increase risk for Additionally, studies using postmortem brain samples have detected widespread presence bacteria brains patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This article provides an overview emerging host disorders discusses future directions, underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers microbiota, microbiota-targeted interventions, this field.

Language: Английский

---

Multi-strain probiotics ameliorate Alzheimer’s-like cognitive impairment and pathological changes through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119, P. 14 - 27

Published: March 26, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Taming neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: The protective role of phytochemicals through the gut−brain axis

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 117277 - 117277

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Biofilm-Associated Amyloid Proteins Linked with the Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2695 - 2695

Published: March 17, 2025

Biofilm-associated amyloid proteins have emerged as significant contributors to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, representing a complex intersection microorganisms and human health. The cross-beta sheet structure characteristic amyloids produced by gut-colonizing bacteria remains intact, crucial for resilience biofilms. These exacerbate disorders such Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s cross-seeding amyloidogenic like amyloid-beta α-synuclein, accelerating their misfolding aggregation. Despite molecular chaperones heat shock maintaining protein homeostasis, bacterial can overwhelm them, worsening neuronal damage. Genetic variations in chaperone genes further influence amyloidogenesis neurodegeneration. Persistent infections inflammation compromise blood-brain barrier, allowing inflammatory molecules enter brain, perpetuating cycle gut-brain axis underscores impact dysbiosis gut microbiota on brain function, potentially contributing enhancement biofilm antibiotic resistance functional fibrils complicates treatment landscape. interplay among systems, microbial amyloids, diseases urgent need advanced strategies targeting these pathways attenuate disease progression. Understanding processes that relate biofilm-associated onset neurological is critical diagnosing developing novel strategies.

Language: Английский

---

Neuroprotective effects of gemfibrozil in neurological disorders: Focus on inflammation and molecular mechanisms

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Abstract Background Gemfibrozil (Gem) is a drug that has been shown to activate PPAR‐α, nuclear receptor plays key role in regulating lipid metabolism. Gem used lower the levels of triglycerides and reduce risk coronary heart disease patients. Experimental studies vitro vivo have can prevent or slow progression neurological disorders (NDs), including cerebral ischemia (CI), Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroinflammation known play significant these disorders. Method The literature review for this study was conducted by searching Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar databases. Result results show neuroprotective effects through several cellular molecular mechanisms such as: (1) ability upregulate pro‐survival factors (PGC‐1α TFAM), promoting survival function mitochondria brain, (2) strongly inhibits activation NF‐κB, AP‐1, C/EBPβ cytokine‐stimulated astroglial cells, which are increase expression iNOS production NO response proinflammatory cytokines, (3) protects dopamine neurons MPTP mouse model PD increasing PPARα, turn stimulates GDNF astrocytes, (4) reduces amyloid plaque pathology, activity glial improves memory, (5) increases myelin genes (MBP CNPase) via PPAR‐β, (6) hippocampal BDNF counteract depression. Conclusion According study, investigated its potential therapeutic effect NDs. Further research needed fully understand

Language: Английский

---

The Brain–Gut–Bone Axis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(38)

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are global health challenges characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells, leading to cognitive and motor impairments. The brain-gut-bone axis, a complex network that modulates multiple physiological systems, has gained increasing attention owing its profound effects on occurrence development neurodegenerative diseases. No comprehensive review been conducted clarify triangular relationship involving axis potential for innovative therapies disorders. In light this, new perspective is aimed propose interplay between brain, gut, bone highlighting their dynamic communication in diseases, as they modulate including nervous, immune, endocrine, metabolic systems. Therapeutic strategies maintaining balance brain regulation, intestinal microbiota improving skeletal health, also explored. intricate interactions within pose challenge effective treatments can comprehensively target this system. Furthermore, safety these requires further evaluation. This offers novel insights prevention treatment which have important implications clinical practice patient well-being.

Language: Английский

---

Polyphenolic Compounds: Orchestrating Intestinal Microbiota Harmony during Aging

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1066 - 1066

Published: April 5, 2024

In the aging process, physiological decline occurs, posing a substantial threat to physical and mental well-being of elderly contributing onset age-related diseases. While traditional perspectives considered maintenance life as influenced by myriad factors, including environmental, genetic, epigenetic, lifestyle elements such exercise diet, pivotal role symbiotic microorganisms had been understated. Presently, it is acknowledged that intestinal microbiota plays profound in overall health signaling both central peripheral nervous systems, well other distant organs. Disruption this bidirectional communication between bacteria host results dysbiosis, fostering development various diseases, neurological disorders, cardiovascular cancer. This review aims delve into intricate biological mechanisms underpinning dysbiosis associated with clinical ramifications dysregulation. Furthermore, we aspire explore bioactive compounds endowed functional properties capable modulating restoring balance aging-related dysbiotic process through epigenetics alterations.

Language: Английский

---

Benign regulation of short-chain fatty acids: the underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects of manual acupuncture on cognitive ability and the intestinal mucosal barrier in APP/PS1 mice

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Background Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to the occurrence and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The destruction intestinal mucosal barrier caused by a decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) plays key role gut dysbiosis-induced neuroinflammation AD. Our previous research confirmed for first time that manual acupuncture (MA) can benignly modulate dysbiosis, alleviating barrier. However, regulatory effect MA on SCFAs remains elusive, underlying mechanism which improves function requires elucidation. Methods In APP/PS1 (Am) group, was applied at Baihui (GV20), Yintang (GV29), Zusanli (ST36). Probiotics were delivered probiotic (Ap) group. Alterations spatial learning memory, function, feces serum, expression FFAR3 NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines evaluated each Results Compared with those C57BL/6 control (Cc) cognitive ability significantly decreased, obviously integrity drastically impaired, NF-κB levels IL-1β TNF- α increased (Ac) These changes reversed probiotics. Conclusion reduce inflammation alleviate mice. SCFAs/FFAR3/NF-κB may be important targets through regulates function.

Language: Английский

---

Microbiome Dysbiosis as a Driver of Neurodegeneration: Insights into Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases

Gastrointestinal Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 28 - 28

Published: April 2, 2025

Microbiome dysbiosis—an imbalance in gut microbial communities—has emerged as a critical factor the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. This review examines role microbiota neurodegeneration, emphasizing how dysbiosis disrupts gut–brain communication through mechanisms such impaired permeability, systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation. The gastrointestinal central nervous systems interact bidirectionally, with metabolites like short-chain fatty acids playing pivotal maintaining brain health. Dysbiotic shifts composition can compromise blood–brain barrier, enabling inflammatory molecules to alter biochemistry potentially accelerate neurodegenerative processes. Additionally, this explores therapeutic strategies—including probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications—designed restore balance, reduce neuroinflammation, slow disease progression. Further research is essential refine microbiome-targeted therapies fully elucidate their potential managing

Language: Английский

---

Advancements in Pharmacological Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Advent of Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs)

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 990 - 990

Published: Sept. 29, 2024

The landscape of pharmacological treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has undergone significant transformations with the advent disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) targeting β-Amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, one hallmark pathologies AD. approval and market introduction monoclonal antibodies mark dawn a new era in AD therapeutics as well. Furthermore, considerable progress also been made development drugs non-Aβ non-Tau protein pathways. These advancements are key tackling root causes AD, offering hope treatments that both relieve symptoms slow progression, improving patient outcomes quality life. This review aims to provide comprehensive update on advances drug application including those currently clinical trials already approved treat patients.

Language: Английский

---