International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
18(13), P. 6846 - 6846
Published: June 25, 2021
Several
studies
indicate
that
semen
quality
has
strongly
declined
in
the
last
decades
worldwide.
Air
pollution
represents
a
significant
co-factor
with
COVID-19
impact
and
negative
effects
on
male
reproductive
system,
through
pro-oxidant,
inflammatory
immune-dysregulating
mechanisms.
It
recently
been
reported
chronic
exposure
to
PM2.5
causes
overexpression
of
alveolar
ACE2
receptor,
entry
route
SARS-CoV-2
into
organism
shared
by
lungs
testis
where
expression
is
highest
body.
In
testis,
ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR
pathway
plays
an
important
role
regulation
spermatogenesis
indirect
mechanism
testicular
damage
could
be
due
blockade
receptor
SARS-CoV-2.
This
prevents
conversion
specific
angiotensins,
their
excess
inflammation
overproduction
cytokines.
PM2.5-induced
turn,
increase
local
viral
load
patients
exposed
pollutants,
producing
depletion
compromising
host
defenses.
By
presenting
overall
view
epidemiological
data
molecular
mechanisms,
this
manuscript
aims
interpret
possible
synergistic
both
air
function,
warning
spread
fertile
years
may
represent
threat
global
health.
All
should
great
concern,
especially
for
men
age
maximum
capacity,
topic
debate
policy
makers.
Altered
environmental
conditions,
together
direct
short-
long-term
infection
cause
worsening
consequences
fertility,
those
areas
higher
impact.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(21), P. 4657 - 4657
Published: Nov. 3, 2023
Endocrine
disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs)
are
exogenous
substances
widely
disseminated
both
in
the
environment
and
daily-life
products
which
can
interfere
with
regulation
function
of
endocrine
system.
These
have
gradually
entered
food
chain,
being
frequently
found
human
blood
urine
samples.
This
becomes
a
particularly
serious
issue
when
they
reach
vulnerable
populations
such
as
pregnant
women,
whose
hormones
more
unstable
to
EDCs.
The
proper
formation
activity
placenta,
therefore
embryonic
development,
may
get
seriously
affected
by
presence
these
chemicals,
augmenting
risk
several
pregnancy
complications,
including
intrauterine
growth
restriction,
preterm
birth,
preeclampsia,
gestational
diabetes
mellitus,
among
others.
Additionally,
some
them
also
exert
detrimental
impact
on
fertility,
thus
hindering
reproductive
process
from
beginning.
In
cases,
EDCs
even
induce
cross-generational
effects,
inherited
future
generations
through
epigenetic
mechanisms.
reasons
why
understanding
alterations
derived
is
needed,
along
efforts
establish
regulations
preventive
measures
order
avoid
exposition
(especially
during
this
particular
stage
life).
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Feb. 26, 2024
Humans
and
wildlife,
including
domesticated
animals,
are
exposed
to
a
myriad
of
environmental
contaminants
that
derived
from
various
human
activities,
agricultural,
household,
cosmetic,
pharmaceutical,
industrial
products.
Excessive
exposure
pesticides,
heavy
metals,
phthalates
consequently
causes
the
overproduction
reactive
oxygen
species.
The
equilibrium
between
species
antioxidant
system
is
preserved
maintain
cellular
redox
homeostasis.
Mitochondria
play
key
role
in
function
cell
survival.
vulnerable
damage
can
be
provoked
by
exposures.
Once
mitochondrial
metabolism
damaged,
it
interferes
with
energy
eventually
free
radicals.
Furthermore,
also
perceives
inflammation
signals
generate
an
inflammatory
response,
which
involved
pathophysiological
mechanisms.
A
depleted
provokes
oxidative
stress
triggers
regulates
epigenetic
apoptotic
events.
Apart
that,
these
chemicals
influence
steroidogenesis,
deteriorate
sperm
quality,
male
reproductive
organs.
It
strongly
believed
signaling
molecules
regulators
mediate
toxicity.
This
review
article
aims
spotlight
toxicology
on
reproduction
its
fertility
prognosis.
we
shed
light
modulating
response
toxins
function.
Additionally,
emphasize
supporting
evidence
diverse
animal
studies.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: April 12, 2021
Endocrine
disrupting
compounds
(EDCs)
are
prevalent
and
ubiquitous
in
our
environment
have
substantial
potential
to
compromise
human
animal
health.
Amongst
the
chronic
health
conditions
associated
with
EDC
exposure,
dysregulation
of
reproductive
function
both
females
males
is
prominent.
Human
epidemiological
studies
demonstrate
links
between
exposure
infertility,
as
well
gestational
disorders
including
miscarriage,
fetal
growth
restriction,
preeclampsia,
preterm
birth.
Animal
experiments
show
EDCs
administered
during
gestation,
or
either
parent
prior
conception,
can
interfere
gamete
quality,
embryo
implantation,
placental
development,
consequences
for
offspring
viability
It
has
been
presumed
that
operate
principally
through
hormone-regulated
events
reproduction
but
effects
on
maternal
immune
receptivity
pregnancy
also
implicated.
modulate
innate
adaptive
arms
system,
alter
inflammatory
responses,
generation
regulatory
T
(Treg)
cells
critical
tolerance.
Effects
complex
likely
exerted
by
steroid
hormone-dependent
hormone-independent
pathways.
Thus,
better
understand
how
impact
pregnancy,
it
imperative
consider
immune-mediated
mechanisms
affected
EDCs.
This
review
will
describe
evidence
several
modify
elements
response
relevant
discuss
disrupt
tolerance
required
robust
placentation
optimal
development.
Toxics,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9(7), P. 157 - 157
Published: July 1, 2021
Phthalates
are
a
group
of
chemicals
used
in
multitude
important
industrial
products
(e.g.,
medical
devices,
children's
toys,
and
food
packages),
mainly
as
plasticizers
to
improve
mechanical
properties
such
flexibility,
transparency,
durability,
longevity
polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC).
The
wide
occurrence
phthalates
many
consumer
products,
including
foods
bottled
water,
soft
drinks,
wine,
milk,
meat)
brings
that
most
people
exposed
every
day,
which
raises
some
concerns.
Adverse
health
outcomes
from
exposure
have
been
associated
with
endocrine
disruption,
deformities
the
human
reproductive
system,
increased
risk
preterm
birth,
carcinogen
exposure,
among
others.
Apprehension
related
risks
ubiquitous
incidence
inspires
development
reliable
analytical
approaches
allow
their
detection
quantification
at
trace
levels.
purpose
current
review
is
provide
information
presence
chain,
highlighting
exposure.
Moreover,
an
overview
emerging
extraction
procedures
high-resolution
for
comprehensive
presented.
Materials Today Bio,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
27, P. 101139 - 101139
Published: June 24, 2024
The
prevalence
of
polymer
usage
in
everyday
activities
has
emerged
as
a
detriment
to
both
human
life
and
the
environment.
A
large
number
studies
describe
severe
impacts
micropolymers
(MP)
nanopolymers
(NP)
on
various
organ
systems,
including
endocrine
system.
Additionally,
plasticizers
utilized
additives
have
been
identified
endocrine-disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs).
MP/NP,
along
with
associated
plasticizers,
affect
principal
signalling
pathways
glands
such
pituitary,
thyroid,
adrenal,
gonads,
thereby
disrupting
hormone
function
metabolic
processes
crucial
for
maintaining
homeostasis,
fertility,
neural
development,
fetal
growth.
This
review
delves
into
sources,
distribution,
effects
micropolymers,
nanopolymers,
acting
EDCs.
Furthermore,
it
provides
detailed
mechanisms
underlying
disruption
relation
different
types
MP/NP.
