Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 1822 - 1832

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Sex and Gender Differences in Risk, Pathophysiology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 278 - 316

Published: May 9, 2016

The steep rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications go along with mounting evidence clinically important sex gender differences. T2DM is more frequently diagnosed at lower age body mass index in men; however, the most prominent risk factor, which obesity, common women. Generally, large sex-ratio differences across countries are observed. Diversities biology, culture, lifestyle, environment, socioeconomic status impact between males females predisposition, development, clinical presentation. Genetic effects epigenetic mechanisms, nutritional factors sedentary lifestyle affect differently both sexes. Furthermore, hormones have a great on energy metabolism, composition, vascular function, inflammatory responses. Thus, endocrine imbalances relate to unfavorable cardiometabolic traits, observable women androgen excess or men hypogonadism. Both biological psychosocial responsible for outcome. Overall, stress appears greater rather than men. In addition, increases cardiovascular risk, myocardial infarction, stroke mortality men, compared nondiabetic subjects. However, when dialysis therapy initiated, comparable females. Diabetes attenuate protective effect female development cardiac diseases nephropathy. Endocrine behavioral involved inequalities More research regarding sex-dimorphic pathophysiological mechanisms its could contribute personalized care future would thus promote awareness terms sex- gender-specific factors.

Language: Английский

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The two‐process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal

Journal of Sleep Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 131 - 143

Published: Jan. 14, 2016

In the last three decades two-process model of sleep regulation has served as a major conceptual framework in research. It been applied widely studies on fatigue and performance to dissect individual differences regulation. The posits that homeostatic process (Process S) interacts with controlled by circadian pacemaker C), time-courses derived from physiological behavioural variables. simulates successfully timing intensity diverse experimental protocols. Electrophysiological recordings suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) suggest S C interact continuously. Oscillators outside SCN are linked energy metabolism evident SCN-lesioned arrhythmic animals subjected restricted feeding or methamphetamine administration, well human subjects during internal desynchronization. intact these peripheral oscillators may dissociate central rhythm. A sleep/fast wake/feed phase segregate antagonistic anabolic catabolic metabolic processes tissues. deficiency Process was proposed account for both depressive disturbances antidepressant effect deprivation. supported development novel non-pharmacological treatment paradigms psychiatry, based manipulating phase, light exposure. conclusion, remains conceptually useful promoting integration rhythm Sleep appears have not only short-term, use-dependent function; it also serves enforce rest fasting, thereby supporting optimization at appropriate 24-h cycle.

Language: Английский

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Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep

BMJ, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. i5210 - i5210

Published: Nov. 1, 2016

This review summarises the literature on shift work and its relation to insufficient sleep, chronic diseases, accidents. It is based 38 meta-analyses 24 systematic reviews, with additional narrative reviews articles used for outlining possible mechanisms by which may cause accidents adverse health. Evidence shows that effect of sleep mainly concerns acute loss in connection night shifts early morning shifts. A link also exists between accidents, type 2 diabetes (relative risk range 1.09-1.40), weight gain, coronary heart disease 1.23), stroke 1.05), cancer 1.01-1.32), although original studies showed mixed results. The relations cardiometabolic diseases mimic those sleep. Laboratory indicate stress cognitive impairments are increased work, as well loss. Given health safety consequences very similar, they likely share common mechanisms. However, research needed determine whether a causal pathway effects associated work.

Language: Английский

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Sleep Duration and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

Diabetes Care, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 38(3), P. 529 - 537

Published: Feb. 12, 2015

It remains unclear how many hours of sleep are associated with the lowest risk type 2 diabetes. This meta-analysis was performed to assess dose-response relationship between duration and diabetes.PubMed Embase were searched up 20 March 2014 for prospective observational studies that assessed Both semiparametric parametric methods used.Ten articles 11 reports eligible inclusion in meta-analysis. A total 18,443 incident cases diabetes ascertained among 482,502 participants follow-up periods ranging from 2.5 16 years. U-shaped observed diabetes, at a category 7-8 h per day. Compared 7-h day, pooled relative risks 1.09 (95% CI 1.04-1.15) each 1-h shorter individuals who slept <7 day 1.14 (1.03-1.26) increment longer duration.Our shows duration. short long significantly increased underscoring importance appropriate delay or prevention

Language: Английский

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Circadian clocks and insulin resistance

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 75 - 89

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Language: Английский

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Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Disruption: Causes, Metabolic Consequences, and Countermeasures

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 37(6), P. 584 - 608

Published: Oct. 20, 2016

Abstract Circadian (∼24-hour) timing systems pervade all kingdoms of life and temporally optimize behavior physiology in humans. Relatively recent changes to our environments, such as the introduction artificial lighting, can disorganize circadian system, from level molecular clocks that regulate cellular activities synchronization between daily cycles solar day. Sleep/wake are intertwined with global trends indicate these, too, increasingly subject disruption. A large proportion world's population is at increased risk environmentally driven rhythm sleep disruption, a minority individuals also genetically predisposed misalignment disorders. The consequences disruption system profound include myriad metabolic ramifications, some which may be compounded by adverse effects on dietary choices. If not addressed, deleterious will continue cause widespread health problems; therefore, implementation numerous behavioral pharmaceutical interventions help restore alignment enhance important.

Language: Английский

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Sleep disturbances compared to traditional risk factors for diabetes development: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep Medicine Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 30, P. 11 - 24

Published: Oct. 25, 2015

Language: Английский

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Circadian misalignment increases cardiovascular disease risk factors in humans

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(10)

Published: Feb. 8, 2016

Significance Shift work is a risk factor for hypertension, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease, even after controlling traditional factors. workers frequently undergo circadian misalignment (i.e., between the endogenous system 24-h environmental/behavioral cycles). This has been proposed to explain, in part, why shift disease. However, impact of per se on blood pressure inflammatory markers poorly understood. We show—under highly controlled laboratory conditions—that short-term increases healthy adults. Our findings may help explain disease risk.

Language: Английский

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Circadian regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 11 - 27

Published: Dec. 2, 2017

Language: Английский

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