Gut microbiota and Covid-19- possible link and implications

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 198018 - 198018

Published: May 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: An Overview

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(20), P. 7618 - 7618

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

The gut microbiota encompasses a diverse community of bacteria that carry out various functions influencing the overall health host. These comprise nutrient metabolism, immune system regulation and natural defence against infection. presence certain is associated with inflammatory molecules may bring about inflammation in body tissues. Inflammation underlies many chronic multisystem conditions including obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus bowel disease. be triggered by structural components which can result cascade pathways involving interleukins other cytokines. Similarly, by-products metabolic processes bacteria, some short-chain fatty acids, play role inhibiting processes. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview relationship between highlight relevant knowledge gaps field. Based on current literature, it appears as composition differs individuals contingent variety factors like diet genetics, possess pro-inflammatory effects whilst others harbour those anti-inflammatory effects. Recent technological advancements have allowed for better methods characterising microbiota. Further research continually improve our understanding interact elucidate reasons behind varying presentations same disease varied responses treatment different individuals. Furthermore, inform clinical practice microbes employed probiotic therapies or used identify suitable prebiotic therapies.

Language: Английский

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The Gut Virome Database Reveals Age-Dependent Patterns of Virome Diversity in the Human Gut

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(5), P. 724 - 740.e8

Published: Aug. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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Modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet modulates gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids in association with Alzheimer's disease markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 47, P. 529 - 542

Published: Aug. 30, 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence is increasing, but its etiology remains elusive. Gut microbes can contribute to AD pathology and may help identifying novel markers therapies against AD. Herein, we examine how the gut microbiome differs in older adults with mild cognitive impairment compared cognitively normal counterparts, whether a modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet (MMKD) alters signature association cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.A randomized, double-blind, cross-over, single-center pilot study of MMKD versus American Heart Association Diet (AHAD) intervention performed on 17 subjects (age: 64.6 ± 6.4 yr), which 11 have impairment, while 6 are normal. Subjects undergo AHAD for 6-weeks separated by washout periods. microbiome, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), CSF including amyloid β (Aβ)-40 Aß-42, total tau, phosphorylated tau-181 (tau-p181) measured at before after interventions.At baseline, vs. impaired cognition show no notable difference diversity several unique microbial signatures detected impairment. Proteobacteria correlate positively Aβ-42: Aβ-40 propionate butyrate correlates negatively Aβ-42 Several bacteria differently affected two diets distinct patterns between subjects. Notably, abundance Enterobacteriaceae, Akkermansia, Slackia, Christensenellaceae Erysipelotriaceae increases that Bifidobacterium Lachnobacterium reduces MMKD, Mollicutes. slightly lactate acetate increasing butyrate. Conversely, reducing butyrate.The data suggest specific depict modulate metabolites improved biomarkers CSF.

Language: Английский

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Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2764 - 2764

Published: Aug. 12, 2021

Malnutrition in older adults has been recognised as a challenging health concern associated with not only increased mortality and morbidity, but also physical decline, which wide ranging acute implications for activities of daily living quality life general. is common may contribute to the development geriatric syndromes adults. old reflected by either involuntary weight loss or low body mass index, hidden deficiencies such micronutrient are more difficult assess therefore frequently overlooked community-dwelling old. In developed countries, most cited cause malnutrition disease, both chronic disorders have potential result aggravate malnutrition. Therefore, higher age one risk factor developing highest being at nutritional becoming malnourished. However, aetiology complex multifactorial, likely facilitated ageing processes. This comprehensive narrative review summarizes current evidence on prevalence determinants spanning from age-related changes disease-associated factors, outlines remaining challenges understanding, identification well treatment malnutrition, some cases include targeted supplementation macro- and/or micronutrients, when diet alone sufficient meet age-specific requirements.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial Stewardship: Fighting Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting Global Public Health

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: Volume 13, P. 4713 - 4738

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health. It increases morbidity and mortality, associated with high economic costs due its health care burden. Infections multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria also have substantial implications on clinical outcomes. Moreover, increased indiscriminate use of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic will heighten bacterial ultimately lead more deaths. This review highlights AMR's scale consequences, importance, an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) fight protect (AMS), organizational or system-wide health-care strategy, designed promote, improve, monitor, evaluate rational antimicrobials preserve their future effectiveness, along promotion protection ASP has been very successful in promoting antimicrobials' appropriate by implementing evidence-based interventions. The "One Health" approach, holistic multisectoral needed address rising threat. AMS practices, principles, interventions are critical steps towards containing mitigating AMR. Evidence-based policies must guide vaccination protocols, professionals' education, public's awareness about Keywords: antibiotics, resistance, multidrug-resistant, program, One Health,

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Suppress Arthritis by Amplifying Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Regulatory B Cells

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 837 - 851.e10

Published: March 25, 2020

The differentiation of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Bregs) in response to gut-microbiota-derived signals supports the maintenance tolerance. However, whether microbiota-derived metabolites can modulate Breg suppressive function remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and arthritic mice have a reduction microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) compared healthy controls mice, supplementation with SCFA butyrate reduces severity. Butyrate suppresses Breg-dependent manner by increasing level serotonin-derived metabolite 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), which activates aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), newly discovered transcriptional marker for function. Thus, via AhR activation molecular program while inhibiting germinal center (GC) cell plasmablast differentiation. Our study demonstrates may serve as viable therapy amelioration systemic autoimmune disorders.

Language: Английский

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Diet, Microbiota and Gut-Lung Connection

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Sept. 19, 2018

Microbial community in the gut (Gut microbiome) is known to impact metabolic functions as well immune response our body. Diet plays an important role determining composition of microbiome. Gut microbes help assimilating dietary nutrients which are indigestible by humans. The metabolites produced them not only modulate gastro-intestinal immunity, but also distal organs like lung and brain. Micro-aspiration bacteria or movement sensitized cells through lymph bloodstream can influence other organs. Dysbiosis microbiome has been implicated several diseases, including allergy, asthma cystic fibrosis. bi-directional cross-talk between (termed Gut-Lung axis) best exemplified intestinal disturbances observed diseases. Some existing probiotics show beneficial effects on health. A deeper understanding its respiratory disorders likely designing appropriate probiotic cocktails for therapeutic applications.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Language: Английский

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The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity

Genes and Immunity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(5-6), P. 289 - 303

Published: April 19, 2021

Language: Английский

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