Epigenetics of Male Infertility: The Role of DNA Methylation

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 22, 2021

In recent years, a number of studies focused on the role epigenetics, including DNA methylation, in spermatogenesis and male infertility. We aimed to provide an overview knowledge concerning gene genome methylation its regulation during spermatogenesis, specifically context infertility etiopathogenesis. Overall, findings support hypothesis that sperm is associated with alterations Several genes have been found be differentially methylated relation impaired and/or reproductive dysfunction. Particularly, defects MEST H19 within imprinted MTHFR non-imprinted repeatedly linked A deep status association reduced potential could improve development novel diagnostic tools for this disease. Further are needed better elucidate mechanisms affecting their impact

Language: Английский

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The role of microRNAs in the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and bone pathologies

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(13), P. 6573 - 6591

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in many adult tissues.MSCs can regenerate through cell division or differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes.As a result, MSCs become an important source of tissue engineering regenerative medicine for bone cartilage.Several epigenetic factors are believed to play role differentiation.Among these, microRNA (miRNA) regulation is involved the fine modulation gene expression during osteogenic/ chondrogenic differentiation.It has reported that miRNAs homeostasis by modulating osteoblast expression.In addition, countless evidence demonstrated dysregulation development osteoporosis fractures.The deregulation also associated with several malignancies including cancer.In this context, bone-associated circulating may be useful biomarkers determining predisposition, onset osteoporosis, as well clinical applications improve diagnosis, follow-up treatment cancer metastases.Overall, review will provide overview how activities participate osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation, while addressing miRNA regulatory effects on target genes.Finally, pathologies therapies presented.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Infection: New Molecular, Phylogenetic, and Pathogenetic Insights. Efficacy of Current Vaccines and the Potential Risk of Variants

Viruses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1687 - 1687

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly discovered responsible for the disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 has rapidly become public health emergency of international concern. Although remarkable scientific achievements have been reached since beginning pandemic, knowledge behind this novel coronavirus, in terms molecular and pathogenic characteristics zoonotic potential, still relatively limited. Today, there vaccine, or rather several vaccines, which, first time history highly contagious infectious diseases that plagued mankind, manufactured just one year. Currently, four vaccines are licensed by regulatory agencies, they use RNA viral vector technologies. The positive effects vaccination campaign being felt many parts world, but disappearance new infection far from reality, as it also threatened presence SARS-CoV-2 variants could undermine effectiveness hampering immunization control efforts. Indeed, current findings indicate adapting to transmission humans more efficiently, while further divergence initial archetype should be considered. In review, we aimed provide collection regarding molecular, phylogenetic, pathogenetic insights into SARS-CoV-2. most recent obtained with respect impact emerging well development implementation highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(21), P. 11592 - 11592

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential to differentiate into various types of cells, including but not limited to, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In addition their progenitor characteristics, MSCs hold unique immunomodulatory properties that provide new opportunities in the treatment autoimmune diseases, can serve as a promising tool cell-based therapy. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic systemic disorder deteriorates quality function synovium membrane, resulting inflammation, pain progressive cartilage bone destruction. The mechanism RA pathogenesis associated with dysregulation innate adaptive immunity. Current conventional treatments by steroid drugs, antirheumatic drugs biological agents are being applied clinical practice. However, long-term use these causes side effects, some patients may acquire resistance drugs. this regard, recently investigated MSC-based therapy considered approach treatment. study, we review modern approaches, such through understanding link between immune systems. Moreover, discuss recent achievements preclinical studies well strategies for enhancement MSC immunoregulatory properties.

Language: Английский

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Cancer biology and molecular genetics of A3 adenosine receptor

Oncogene, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(3), P. 301 - 308

Published: Nov. 8, 2021

Abstract A 3 adenosine receptor (A AR) is a cell membrane protein, which has been found to be overexpressed in large number of cancer types. This plays an important role by interacting with adenosine. Specifically, AR dual nature different pathophysiological conditions, as it expressed according tissue type and stimulated dose-dependent manner. activation leads tumor growth, proliferation survival some cases, while triggering cytostatic apoptotic pathways others. review aims describe the most relevant aspects its ligands whereas summarizes activities cancer. Progress field modulators, potential therapeutic treatment are reported, well.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Purinergic P2X7 Receptor in Inflammation and Cancer: Novel Molecular Insights and Clinical Applications

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1116 - 1116

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a transmembrane protein whose expression has been related to variety of cellular processes, while its dysregulation linked inflammation and cancer. P2X7R expressed in cancer immune system cell surfaces. ATP plays key role numerous metabolic processes due abundance the tumour microenvironment. an important by interacting with ATP. unusual property that stimulation low doses causes opening permeable channel for sodium, potassium, calcium ions, whereas sustained high favours formation non-selective pore. latter effect induces change intracellular homeostasis leads death. This evidence suggests both pro- anti-tumour proprieties. increasingly recognised as regulator inflammation. In this review, we aimed describe most relevant characteristics function, activation, ligands, also summarising activation context currently used therapeutic approaches clinical trials modulators are described.

Language: Английский

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Bone Regeneration and Oxidative Stress: An Updated Overview

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 318 - 318

Published: Feb. 6, 2022

Bone tissue engineering is a complex domain that requires further investigation and benefits from data obtained over past decades. The models are increasing in complexity as they reveal new co-culturing microfluidics applications. vitro now focus on the 3D medium of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes utilizing collagen for separation; this type research allows controlled in-depth analysis. Oxidative stress takes toll domain, being beneficial well destructive. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules influence differentiation but time their presence can affect patients aid appearance diseases such osteoporosis. be limited by using antioxidants vitamin K N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Scaffolds biocompatible coatings hydroxyapatite bioactive glass required to isolate implant, protect zone metallic, ionic exchange, enhance bone regeneration mimicking composition structure body, thus enhancing cell proliferation. materials functionalized with growth factors create better response higher chances success clinical use. This review highlights vast majority newly information regarding engineering, models, implant coatings, scaffolds, biomolecules, techniques utilized obtain them.

Language: Английский

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Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1193 - 1193

Published: June 10, 2022

COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 China and quickly spread across the globe, causing over 521 million cases of infection 6.26 deaths to date. After 2 years, numerous advances have been made. First all, preventive vaccine, which has implemented record time, is effective more than 95% cases. Additionally, diagnostic field, there are molecular antigenic kits that equipped with high sensitivity specificity. Real Time-PCR-based assays for detection viral RNA currently considered gold-standard method SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis can be used efficiently on pooled nasopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal samples widespread screening. Moreover, additional, advanced methods such as droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) next-generation sequencing (NGS), under development detect RNA. However, number subjects infected continuously increases globally, health care systems being placed increased stress. Thus, clinical laboratory plays an important role, helping select especially asymptomatic individuals who actively carrying live replicating virus, fast non-invasive technologies. Recent strategies, other methods, adopted either antigens, i.e., antigen-based immunoassays, human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, antibody-based nasal swabs, well blood saliva samples. role mucosal sIgAs, essential control viruses entering body through surfaces, remains elucidated, particular immune response counteracting infection, primarily at site(s) virus entry appears promising.

Language: Английский

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Genetics and Epigenetics of Bone Remodeling and Metabolic Bone Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1500 - 1500

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Bone metabolism consists of a balance between bone formation and resorption, which is mediated by osteoblast osteoclast activity, respectively. In order to ensure plasticity, the remodeling process needs function properly. Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into lineage activating different signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) Wingless/Int-1 (Wnt)/β-catenin pathways. Recent data indicate that processes are also epigenetically regulated DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, non-coding RNA expressions, such as micro-RNAs, long RNAs, circular RNAs. Mutations dysfunctions in pathways regulating differentiation might influence process, ultimately leading large variety metabolic diseases. this review, we aim summarize describe genetics epigenetics process. Moreover, current findings behind diseases reported.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory mechanisms of circular RNAs during human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 143 - 158

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Human osteogenic differentiation is a complex and well-orchestrated process which involves plethora of molecular players cellular processes.A growing number studies have underlined that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important regulatory role during human differentiation.CircRNAs are single-stranded, covalently closed non-coding RNA molecules acquiring increased attention as epigenetic regulators gene expression.Given their intrinsic high conformational stability, abundance, specificity, circRNAs can undertake various biological activities in order to regulate multiple processes, including differentiation.The most recent evidence indicates control osteogenesis by preventing the inhibitory activity miRNAs on downstream target genes, using competitive endogenous mechanism.The aim this review draw currently known mechanisms differentiation.Specifically, we provide understanding advances research conducted mesenchymal stem cell types importance regulating osteogenesis.A comprehensive underlying circRNA will improve knowledge processes bone growth, resulting potential development novel preclinical clinical discovery diagnostic therapeutic tools for disorders.

Language: Английский

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