Brain–gut–microbiota axis in depression: A historical overview and future directions

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 44 - 56

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

Depression is the most common mental disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite abundant research, precise mechanisms underlying pathophysiology depression remain elusive. Accumulating evidence from preclinical clinical studies suggests that alterations in gut microbiota, microbe-derived short-chain fatty acids, D-amino acids metabolites play key role via brain–gut–microbiota axis, including neural immune systems. Notably, axis might crucial susceptibility versus resilience rodents exposed to stress. Vagotomy reported block depression-like phenotypes after fecal microbiota transplantation "depression-related" microbiome, suggesting vagus nerve influences through axis. In this article, we review recent findings regarding discuss its potential as therapeutic target for depression.

Language: Английский

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Immune response in COVID-19: what is next?

Cell Death and Differentiation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 1107 - 1122

Published: May 17, 2022

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic for more than 2 years and it still impacts our daily lifestyle quality in unprecedented ways. A better understanding of immunity its regulation response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently needed. Based on the current literature, we review here various virus mutations evolving manifestations along with alterations immune responses specific focuses innate response, neutrophil extracellular traps, humoral immunity, cellular immunity. Different types vaccines were compared analyzed based their unique properties elicit Various therapeutic strategies such as antibody, anti-viral medications inflammation control discussed. We predict that available continuously emerging new technologies, powerful administration schedules, effective public health measures, COVID-19 will be under near future.

Language: Английский

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Brain-spleen axis in health and diseases: A review and future perspective

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 130 - 140

Published: Feb. 12, 2022

The spleen, an important tissue for the immune system, acts as a filter blood within system. Accumulating evidence suggests that spleen affects number of brain functions in health and diseases via modulation. Systemic inflammation or chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) can cause splenomegaly rodents. Interestingly, new antidepressant arketamine could normalize depression-like behaviors CSDS-susceptible mice. A recent study strongly supports direct connection pathway between whereby regulate humoral defense by two regions, such corticotropin-related neurons paraventricular nucleus (PVN) central amygdala (CeA). Furthermore, afferent efferent vagus nerve signaling may contribute to communication. In this article, we review findings brain-spleen axis diseases.

Language: Английский

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Psychological stress in inflammatory bowel disease: Psychoneuroimmunological insights into bidirectional gut–brain communications

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s (CD), is an autoimmune gastrointestinal characterized by chronic inflammation frequent recurrence. Accumulating evidence has confirmed that psychological stress considered to trigger IBD deterioration relapse. Moreover, studies have demonstrated patients with a higher risk of developing symptoms anxiety depression than healthy individuals. However, the underlying mechanism link between remains poorly understood. This review used psychoneuroimmunology perspective assess possible neuro-visceral integration, immune modulation, crucial intestinal microbiome changes in IBD. Furthermore, bidirectionality brain–gut axis was emphasized context, indicating pathophysiology increases inflammatory response central nervous system further contributes anxiety- depression-like behavioral comorbidities. information will help accurately characterize activity. Additionally, clinical application functional brain imaging, microbiota-targeted treatment, psychotherapy antidepressants should be during treatment diagnosis elucidates significance more high-quality research combined large sample sizes multiple diagnostic methods psychotherapy, which may achieve personalized therapeutic strategies for based on relief.

Language: Английский

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New Insights into the Pivotal Role of the Amygdala in Inflammation-Related Depression and Anxiety Disorder

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11076 - 11076

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Depression and anxiety disorders are the two most prevalent psychiatric diseases that affect hundreds of millions individuals worldwide. Understanding etiology related mechanisms is great importance might yield new therapeutic strategies to treat these effectively. During past decades, a growing number studies have pointed out stress-induced inflammatory response in amygdala, kernel region for processing emotional stimuli, as potentially critical contributor pathophysiology depression disorders. In this review, we first summarized recent progress from both animal human toward understanding causal link between inflammation disorders, with particular emphasis on findings showing effect functional changes neurons at levels ranging molecular signaling, cellular function, synaptic plasticity, neural circuit behavior, well their contributions pathology inflammation-related Finally, concluded by discussing some difficulties surrounding current research propose issues worth future study field.

Language: Английский

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Hormetic Nutrition and Redox Regulation in Gut–Brain Axis Disorders

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 484 - 484

Published: April 18, 2024

The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hormetic nutrition for enhancing stress resilience overall human health have received much attention. Recently, the gut-brain axis has attracted prominent interest preventing therapeutically impacting neuropathologies gastrointestinal diseases. Polyphenols polyphenol-combined nanoparticles in synergy with probiotics shown to improve gut bioavailability blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, thus inhibiting oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction inflammation linked dysbiosis ultimately onset progression central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In accordance hormesis, polyphenols display biphasic dose-response by activating at a low dose Nrf2 pathway resulting upregulation

Language: Английский

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The brain-gut-microbiota interplay in depression: A key to design innovative therapeutic approaches

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 106799 - 106799

Published: May 19, 2023

Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in world associated with huge socio-economic consequences. While depressive-related symptoms are well known, molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology and progression remain largely unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) emerging as a key regulator of central nervous system homeostasis by exerting fundamental immune metabolic functions. In turn, brain influences intestinal microbial composition through neuroendocrine signals, within so-called microbiota-brain axis. balance this bidirectional crosstalk important to ensure neurogenesis, preserve integrity blood-brain barrier avoid neuroinflammation. Conversely, dysbiosis permeability negatively affect development, behavior, cognition. Furthermore, although not fully defined yet, changes GM depressed patients reported influence pharmacokinetics common antidepressants affecting their absorption, metabolism, activity. Similarly, neuropsychiatric drugs may shape turn an impact on efficacy toxicity pharmacological intervention itself. Consequently, strategies aimed at re-establishing correct homeostatic (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, dietary interventions) represent innovative approach improve pharmacotherapy depression. Among these, probiotics Mediterranean diet, alone or combination standard care, hold promise for clinical application. Therefore, disclosure intricate network between depression will give precious insights diagnostic therapeutic approaches towards depression, profound implications drug development practice.

Language: Английский

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Transmission of Alzheimer’s disease-associated microbiota dysbiosis and its impact on cognitive function: evidence from mice and patients

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 4421 - 4437

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota–brain axis in neurological disorders

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(8)

Published: July 20, 2024

Abstract Previous studies have shown a bidirectional communication between human gut microbiota and the brain, known as microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA). The MGBA influences host's nervous system development, emotional regulation, cognitive function through neurotransmitters, immune modulation, metabolic pathways. Factors like diet, lifestyle, genetics, environment shape composition together. Most research explored how regulates host physiology its potential in preventing treating neurological disorders. However, individual heterogeneity of microbiota, strains playing dominant role diseases, interactions these microbial metabolites with central/peripheral systems still need exploration. This review summarizes driving neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's Parkinson's disease), mood (anxiety depression) recent years discusses current clinical preclinical microbe‐based interventions, including dietary intervention, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation. It also puts forward insufficient on provides framework for further

Language: Английский

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Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: July 18, 2024

The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a dominant role in maintaining homeostasis as well contributes to mental health maintenance. pathways that underpin the expand from macroscopic interactions with nervous system, molecular signals include microbial metabolites, tight junction protein expression, or cytokines released during inflammation. dysfunctional GBA has been repeatedly linked occurrence of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors development. importance inflammatory aspects altered recently highlighted literature. Here we summarize current reports on signaling which involves immune response within intestinal blood-brain barrier (BBB). We also emphasize effect stress altering barriers' permeability, therapeutic potential microbiota restoration by probiotic administration transplantation, based latest animal studies. Most research performed various models showed an association between behaviors, dysbiosis gut microbiota, disruption permeability simultaneous changes BBB integrity. It could be postulated under conditions impaired communication across may therefore represent significant mechanism allowing affect brain functions.

Language: Английский

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