Virus infection induced pulmonary fibrosis

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Pulmonary fibrosis is the end stage of a broad range heterogeneous interstitial lung diseases and more than 200 factors contribute to it. In recent years, relationship between virus infection pulmonary getting attention, especially after outbreak SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, however, mechanisms underlying virus-induced are not fully understood. Here, we review several viruses such as Human T-cell leukemia (HTLV), immunodeficiency (HIV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr (EBV), Murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), Influenza virus, Avian influenza Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV well induced fibrosis. This may shed new light on potential targets for anti-fibrotic therapy treat by including SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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COVID‐19 immunopathology: From acute diseases to chronic sequelae

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Sept. 3, 2022

The clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly targets the lung as a primary affected organ, which is also critical site immune cell activation by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, recent reports suggest involvement extrapulmonary tissues in COVID-19 pathology. interplay both innate and adaptive responses key to management. As result, robust response provides first line defense, concomitantly, immunity neutralizes infection builds memory for long-term protection. dysregulated immunity, adaptive, can skew towards immunopathology chronic cases. Here we have summarized some findings that provide insight into caused SARS-CoV-2, post-acute Finally, further discuss immunomodulatory drugs preclinical trials dampening COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Infection of lung megakaryocytes and platelets by SARS-CoV-2 anticipate fatal COVID-19

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(7)

Published: June 16, 2022

SARS-CoV-2, although not being a circulatory virus, spread from the respiratory tract resulting in multiorgan failures and thrombotic complications, hallmarks of fatal COVID-19. A convergent contributor could be platelets that beyond hemostatic functions can carry infectious viruses. Here, we profiled 52 patients with severe COVID-19 demonstrated circulating 19 out 20 non-survivor contain SARS-CoV-2 robust correlation outcome. Platelets containing might originate bone marrow lung megakaryocytes (MKs), platelet precursors, which were found infected by autopsies. Accordingly, MKs undergoing shortened differentiation expressing anti-viral IFITM1 IFITM3 RNA as sign viral sensing enriched circulation deadly Infected reach concomitant specific MK-related cytokine storm rich VEGF, PDGF inflammatory molecules, anticipating Lung macrophages capture SARS-CoV-2-containing vivo. The virus contained is carrying propagates infection to vitro, process blocked an anti-GPIIbIIIa drug. Altogether, alter pathogenesis provide powerful fatality marker. Clinical targeting prevent spread, thrombus formation exacerbated inflammation at once increase survival

Language: Английский

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Effects of Standard-Dose Prophylactic, High-Dose Prophylactic, and Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Patients With Hypoxemic COVID-19 Pneumonia

JAMA Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 183(6), P. 520 - 520

Published: March 22, 2023

Given the high risk of thrombosis and anticoagulation-related bleeding in patients with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia, identifying lowest effective dose anticoagulation therapy for these is imperative.To determine whether therapeutic (TA) or high-dose prophylactic (HD-PA) decreases mortality and/or disease duration compared standard-dose (SD-PA), TA outperforms HD-PA; to compare net clinical outcomes among 3 strategies.The ANTICOVID randomized open-label trial included pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen having no initial on chest computer tomography pulmonary angiogram at 23 health centers France from April 14 December 13, 2021. Of 339 randomized, 334 were primary analysis-114 SD-PA group, 110 HD-PA, TA. At randomization, 90% intensive care unit. Data analyses performed 2022, January 3, 2023.Patients randomly assigned (1:1:1) receive either SD-PA, low-molecular-weight unfractionated heparin days.A hierarchical criterion all-cause followed by time improvement day 28. Main secondary outcome was 28 (composite thrombosis, major bleeding, death).Among study population individuals (mean [SD] age, 58.3 [13.0] years; 226 [67.7%] men 108 [32.3%] women), use HD-PA had similar probabilities favorable (47.3% [95% CI, 39.9% 54.8%] vs 52.7% 45.2% 60.1%]; P = .48), as did (50.9% 43.4% 58.3%] 49.1% 41.7% 56.6%]; .82) (53.5% CI 45.8% 60.9%] 46.5% 39.1% 54.2%]; .37). Net met 29.8% receiving (20.2% 2.6% 14.0% death), 16.4% (5.5% 3.6% 11.8% 20.0% 12.7% death). Moreover, significantly reduced (absolute difference, -14.7 -6.2 -23.2] -23.2], respectively). Use -13.5; 95% -2.6 -24.3).This found that neither nor improved pneumonia; however, resulted better decreasing de novo thrombosis.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04808882.

Language: Английский

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Initial immune response after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or to SARS-COV-2: similarities and differences

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), whose etiologic agent is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), are currently the two deadliest infectious diseases in humans, which together have about more than 11 million deaths worldwide past 3 years. TB COVID-19 share several aspects including droplet- aerosol-borne transmissibility, lungs as primary target, some symptoms, diagnostic tools. However, these differ other their incubation period, immune cells involved, persistence immunopathological response. In this review, we highlight similarities differences between focusing on innate adaptive response induced after exposure to Mtb SARS-CoV-2 pathological pathways linking infections. Moreover, provide a brief overview of case TB-COVID-19 co-infection highlighting each individual infection. A comprehensive understanding involved utmost importance for design effective therapeutic strategies vaccines both diseases.

Language: Английский

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3D-printed airway model as a platform for SARS-CoV-2 infection and antiviral drug testing

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 311, P. 122689 - 122689

Published: June 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Neurologic complications of coronavirus and other respiratory viral infections

Handbook of clinical neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 331 - 358

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Neutrophil Activity and Extracellular Matrix Degradation: Drivers of Lung Tissue Destruction in Fatal COVID-19 Cases and Implications for Long COVID

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 236 - 236

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Pulmonary fibrosis, severe alveolitis, and the inability to restore alveolar epithelial architecture are primary causes of respiratory failure in fatal COVID-19 cases. However, factors contributing abnormal fibrosis critically ill patients remain unclear. This study analyzed histopathology lung specimens from eight six non-COVID-19 postmortems. We assessed distribution changes extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including elastin collagen, alveoli through morphometric analyses. Our findings reveal significant degradation fibers along thin walls parenchyma, a process that precedes onset interstitial collagen deposition widespread intra-alveolar fibrosis. Lungs with collapsed organized fibrotic regions showed extensive fragmentation fibers, accompanied by cell death. Immunoblotting autopsy tissue extracts confirmed degradation. Importantly, we found loss was strongly correlated induction neutrophil elastase (NE), potent protease degrades ECM. affirms critical role neutrophils enzymes pathogenesis COVID-19. Consistently, observed increased staining for peptidyl arginine deiminase, marker trap release, myeloperoxidase, an enzyme-generating reactive oxygen radical, indicating active involvement pathology. These place at center impaired function argue elastolysis alveolitis trigger ECM repair this has implications complications, long COVID other chronic inflammatory disorders.

Language: Английский

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Decrease in Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme activity but not concentration in plasma/lungs in COVID-19 patients offers clues for diagnosis/treatment

Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26, P. 266 - 278

Published: July 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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Combined administration of inhaled DNase, baricitinib and tocilizumab as rescue treatment in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure

Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 109016 - 109016

Published: April 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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