Role of the Skin Immune System in Wound Healing

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 624 - 624

Published: April 4, 2024

Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process, characterized by the coordinated activities of multiple cell types, each with distinct roles in stages hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling. The cells immune system not only act as sentinels to monitor skin promote homeostasis, but they also play an important role process wound repair. Skin-resident recruited release cytokines growth factors that amplification inflammatory process. They work non-immune remove invading pathogens debris, well guide regeneration damaged host tissues. Dysregulation at any stage may lead prolongation phase development pathological condition, such chronic wound. present review aims summarize different cells, special emphasis on

Language: Английский

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Endothelial cell dynamics in sepsis-induced acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: April 25, 2024

Abstract Sepsis, a prevalent critical condition in clinics, continues to be the leading cause of death from infections and global healthcare issue. Among organs susceptible harmful effects sepsis, lungs are notably most frequently affected. Consequently, patients with sepsis predisposed developing acute lung injury (ALI), severe cases, respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Nevertheless, precise mechanisms associated onset ALI/ARDS remain elusive. In recent years, there has been growing emphasis on role endothelial cells (ECs), cell type integral barrier function, their interactions various stromal sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS. this comprehensive review, we summarize involvement intricate interplay immune cells, including pulmonary epithelial fibroblasts, pathogenesis ALI/ARDS, particular placed discussing several pivotal pathways implicated process. Furthermore, discuss potential therapeutic interventions for modulating functions relevant present strategy managing

Language: Английский

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PAMPs and DAMPs in Sepsis: A Review of Their Molecular Features and Potential Clinical Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 962 - 962

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Sepsis is a serious organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated immune host reaction to pathogen. The innate immunity programmed react immediately conserved molecules, released the pathogens (PAMPs), and (DAMPs). We aimed review molecular mechanisms of early phases sepsis, focusing on PAMPs, DAMPs, their related pathways, identify potential biomarkers. included studies published in English searched PubMed® Cochrane®. After detailed discussion actual knowledge PAMPs/DAMPs, we analyzed role different organs affected trying elucidate basis some most-used prognostic scores for sepsis. Furthermore, described chronological trend release PAMPs/DAMPs that may be useful subsets septic patients, who benefit from targeted therapies. These findings are preliminary since these pathways seem strongly influenced peculiar characteristics features. Due reasons, while initial promising, additional necessary clarify involvement patterns natural evolution sepsis facilitate transition into clinical setting.

Language: Английский

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Neutrophil heterogeneity and plasticity: unveiling the multifaceted roles in health and disease

MedComm, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Abstract Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, have long been recognized as key players in innate immunity and inflammation. However, recent discoveries unveil their remarkable heterogeneity plasticity, challenging traditional view of neutrophils a homogeneous population with limited functional repertoire. Advances single‐cell technologies assays revealed distinct neutrophil subsets diverse phenotypes functions ability to adapt microenvironmental cues. This review provides comprehensive overview multidimensional landscape heterogeneity, discussing various axes along which diversity manifests, including maturation state, density, surface marker expression, polarization. We highlight molecular mechanisms underpinning focusing on complex interplay signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, epigenetic modifications that shape responses. Furthermore, we explore implications plasticity physiological processes pathological conditions, host defense, inflammation, tissue repair, cancer. By integrating insights from cutting‐edge research, this aims provide framework for understanding multifaceted roles potential therapeutic targets wide range diseases.

Language: Английский

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Neutrophil-mediated cordycepin-based nanoparticles for targeted treatment of acute lung injury

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 159942 - 159942

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Health and Disease Pathophysiology: Recent Insights and Advances

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(21), P. 15805 - 15805

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Neutrophils are the principal trouper of innate immune system. Activated neutrophils undergo a noble cell death termed NETosis and release mesh-like structure called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as part their defensive strategy against microbial pathogen attack. This web-like architecture includes DNA backbone embedded with antimicrobial proteins like myeloperoxidase (MPO), elastase (NE), histones deploys in entrapment clearance encountered pathogens. Thus NETs play an inevitable beneficial role host's protection. However, recent accumulated evidence shows that dysregulated enhanced NET formation has various pathological aspects including promotion sepsis, pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, nephrological, thrombotic, autoimmune, pregnancy, cancer diseases, list is increasing gradually. In this review, we summarize NET-mediated pathophysiology different diseases focus on some updated potential therapeutic approaches NETs.

Language: Английский

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Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to immunothrombosis formation via the STING pathway in sepsis-associated lung injury

Cell Death Discovery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the activation and dysfunction of multiple overlapping interacting pathways, including immune response to injury, inflammation, coagulation, which contribute pathogenesis sepsis-induced acute lung injury (SI-ALI). However, how NETs mediate relationship between inflammation coagulation has not been fully clarified. Here, we found that NETs, through stimulator interferon genes (STING) activation, induced endothelial cell damage with abundant production tissue factor (TF), magnified dysregulation inflammatory coagulant responses resulted poor prognosis SI-ALI model mice. Disruption inhibition STING improved outcomes septic mice reduced coagulation. Furthermore, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on surface cells was interaction pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrate activate cascade a STING-dependent manner development SI-ALI.

Language: Английский

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Advances in nanomaterial-targeted treatment of acute lung injury after burns

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: June 18, 2024

Abstract Acute lung injury ( ALI ) is a common complication in patients with severe burns and has complex pathogenesis high morbidity mortality rates. A variety of drugs have been identified the clinic for treatment ALI, but they toxic side effects caused by easy degradation body distribution throughout body. In recent years, as understanding mechanism underlying improved, scholars developed new nanomaterials that can be safely effectively targeted ALI. Most these methods involve such lipids, organic polymers, peptides, extracellular vesicles or cell membranes, inorganic nanoparticles other nanomaterials, which are to reach tissues perform their functions through active targeting passive targeting, process involves cells organelles. this review, first, mechanisms pathophysiological features occurrence after burn reviewed, potential therapeutic targets summarized, existing classified, possible problems challenges discussed provide reference development

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticles for stimulation of neutrophil extracellular trap‐mediated immunity

European Journal of Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(4)

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Abstract Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been identified as triggers for a self‐limited inflammatory reaction upon contact with nanoparticles within our bodies. This typically results in entrapping potentially harmful nano‐ or micro‐objects following an immune burst. The demand potent adjuvants has led to research on particulate‐based adjuvants, particularly those that act via NET formation. Various particles, including hydrophobic nanoparticles, needle‐like microparticles, and other natural artificial crystals, shown induce formation, eliciting robust humoral cellular response toward co‐injected antigens. formation was found be the basis of efficient use alum vaccine adjuvant. Thus, specific surface properties serve NET‐stimulating adjuvants. In this mini‐review, we aim summarize current knowledge about particulate objects molecular pathways involved inducing by neutrophils. Additionally, discuss potential activating neutrophils tissues exploitation such activation enhancing

Language: Английский

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Ferritin-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps formation and cytokine storm via macrophage scavenger receptor in sepsis-associated lung injury

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Abstract Background Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory disorder manifested by dysregulated immune response to infection and multi-organ failure. Numerous studies have shown that elevated ferritin levels exist as an essential feature during sepsis are able suggest patients’ prognoses. At the same time, specific mechanism of ferritin-induced injury remains unclear. Methods Hyper-ferritin state inflammation was performed injecting into mouse model demonstrated injection could induce increase neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation.Padi4 −/− , Elane Cybb mice were used for NETs formation experiment. Western blot, immunofluorescence, ELISA, flow cytometry examined changes in NETs, inflammation, related signaling pathways. Results Ferritin induces NET peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), elastase (NE), reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner, thereby exacerbating response. Mechanistically, expression macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR), which promotes NETs. Clinically, high patients with correlate NETs-mediated cytokines storm proportional severity sepsis-induced lung injury. Conclusions In conclusion, we hyper-ferritin can MSR-dependent manner. This process relies on PAD4, NE, ROS, further aggravating acute clinic, serum associated worse injury, suggests poor prognosis sepsis. Our study indicated targeting or MSR be potential treatment alleviate damage

Language: Английский

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