Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 302 - 302
Published: Feb. 27, 2024
Subunit
vaccines
stand
as
a
leading
approach
to
expanding
the
current
portfolio
of
fight
against
COVID-19,
seeking
not
only
lower
costs
but
achieve
long-term
immunity
variants
concern
and
have
main
attributes
that
could
overcome
limitations
vaccines.
Herein
chimeric
protein
targeting
S1
S2
epitopes,
called
LTp50,
was
designed
convenient
induce
humoral
responses
SARS-CoV-2.
LTp50
produced
in
recombinant
Escherichia
coli
using
conventional
pET
vector,
recovering
expected
antigen
insoluble
fraction.
purified
by
chromatography
(purity
>
90%).
The
solubilization
refolding
stages
helped
obtain
stable
amenable
for
vaccine
formulation.
adsorbed
onto
alum,
resulting
formulation
whose
immunogenic
properties
were
assessed
BALB/c
mice.
Significant
S
(BA.5
variant)
detected
mice
subjected
three
subcutaneous
doses
(10
µg)
LTp50/alum
This
study
opens
path
optimization
additional
adjuvants
advance
development
highly
effective
anti-COVID-19
directed
antigenic
regions
protein,
which
are
less
prone
mutations.
Journal of Medical Virology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
97(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
A
total
of
5011
adult
volunteers
attending
vaccination
centers
in
different
regions
Colombia
were
enrolled
a
1‐year
prospective
observational
cohort
study
to
evaluate
the
immunogenicity
and
effectiveness
SARS‐CoV‐2‐based
vaccines
as
part
National
Vaccine
Program
established
contain
COVID‐19
pandemic.
Following
informed
consent,
5,011
participants
underwent
sociodemographic
survey
PCR
testing
assess
SARS‐CoV‐2
infection.
Blood
samples
collected,
serum
fractions
obtained
from
participant
subsample
(
n
=
3441)
at
six‐time
points
virus‐specific
IgG
responses
Spike
protein,
its
Receptor
Binding
Domain,
Nucleoprotein
by
ELISA.
Additionally,
antibody‐neutralizing
activity
was
evaluated
using
cPass
neutralization
kit.
Most
(95.8%;
4802)
received
between
one
Ad26.
COV2.S
(Janssen
vaccine)
four
vaccine
doses
BNT162b2
(Pfizer/BioNTech),
AZD1222
(AstraZeneca),
mRNA‐1273
(Moderna),
CoronaVac
(Sinovac),
with
some
receiving
combinations;
small
group,
4.2%
209),
remained
unvaccinated.
Throughout
study,
only
8.76%
439)
tested
positive
for
PCR.
Notably,
all
seroconverted
antibodies,
high
seropositivity
rates
S
(99.8%;
4795),
RBD
(99.7%;
1691),
N
(92.7%;
3072)
proteins.
Moreover,
significant
(92%–97%)
neutralizing
observed
circulating
variants.
This
highlights
importance
assessing
duration
response
elicited
infection,
antibody
potential
surrogate
marker
protection.
These
findings
provide
important
insight
further
strengthening
strategies
control
COVID‐19.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(6), P. 1045 - 1045
Published: May 31, 2023
The
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic,
caused
by
the
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2),
has
been
widespread
globally,
and
vaccination
is
critical
for
preventing
further
spread
or
resurgence
of
outbreak.
Inactivated
vaccines
made
from
whole
inactivated
SARS-CoV-2
virus
particles
generated
in
Vero
cells
are
currently
most
widely
used
COVID-19
vaccines,
with
China
being
largest
producer
vaccines.
As
a
result,
focus
this
review
on
multidimensional
analysis
development
process,
platforms,
safety,
efficacy
special
populations.
Overall,
safe
option,
we
hope
that
will
serve
as
foundation
thus
strengthening
defense
against
pandemic
SARS-CoV-2.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 501 - 501
Published: Feb. 29, 2024
Neutralizing
antibody
responses
from
COVID-19
vaccines
are
pivotal
in
conferring
protection
against
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2).
Effective
and
assays
measuring
neutralizing
antibodies
emerging
variants
(i.e.,
XBB.1.5,
XBB.1.16,
XBB.2.3)
needed.
The
use
of
biosafety
level
(BSL)-3
laboratories
for
live
virus
results
higher
costs
a
longer
turnaround
time;
therefore,
BSL-2–based
pseudovirus
neutralization
assay
(PNT)
was
developed.
pseudoviruses
were
produced
by
cotransfecting
cells
with
plasmids
encoding
lentiviral
backbone-expressing
luciferase
reporter;
non-surface
proteins
production;
ancestral
or
Omicron
(BA.1
BA.5)
SARS-CoV-2
spike
(S)
proteins.
PNT
developed
optimized
dose
kinetics
experiments.
representative
serum
samples
(COVID-19–convalescent
NVX-CoV2373–vaccinated
participants
enrolled
the
2019nCoV-101
trial)
demonstrated
wide
dynamic
range.
data
showed
robust
correlation
validated
anti-recombinant
IgG
levels
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
inhibition
titers
(ancestral).
This
is
suitable
measurement
ability
clinical
individuals
infected
immunized
vaccine.
suggest
that
this
provides
lower
cost,
high-throughput,
rapid
alternative
to
BSL-3–based
microneutralization
enables
discovery
development
effective
variants.
Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina Pannonica et Adriatica,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
33(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Monkeypox
virus
(MPXV),
originally
endemic
in
West
Africa
(Clade
II)
and
Central
I),
has
recently
emerged
worldwide
reinforced
the
need
for
rapid
accurate
MPXV
diagnostics.
This
review
presents
critically
discusses
range
of
virological
methods
laboratory
diagnosis
characterization
as
well
related
lessons
learned
practical
experience
gained
from
2022
Mpox
global
outbreak.
Real-time
PCR
is
currently
considered
diagnostic
gold
standard
ensures
timely
confirmation
suspected
cases
based
on
suspicious
skin
lesions,
digital
improves
precision
DNA
quantification.
Whole
genome
sequencing
reveals
diversity
within
Clade
IIb
outbreak
highlights
role
microevolution
adaptation
to
human
host.
Continuous
genomic
surveillance
important
better
understanding
human-to-human
transmission
prevention
emergence
variola
virus-like
strains.
Traditional
such
electron
microscopy
isolation
remain
essential
comprehensive
characterization,
particularly
context
vaccine
antiviral
drug
development.
Despite
current
challenges,
serological
tests
detecting
a
anti-MPXV
antibodies
are
adjunct
research
tools
late-presenting
or
asymptomatic
cases,
contact
tracing,
epidemiological
studies,
seroepidemiological
surveys,
IgG
neutralizing
immune
response
infection
vaccination.
A
multidisciplinary
approach
combining
advanced
molecular
techniques
with
traditional
reliable
diagnosis,
surveillance,
control
Life,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 214 - 214
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Since
late
2019,
the
new
SARS-CoV-2
virus
belonging
to
Coronaviridae
family
has
been
responsible
for
COVID-19
pandemic,
a
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome.
Several
antiviral
therapies,
mostly
derived
from
previous
epidemics,
were
initially
repurposed
fight
this
not
rarely
life-threatening
illness.
Among
them,
however,
only
specific
antibody-based
therapy
available
against
infection
during
first
year
of
pandemic
was
represented
by
convalescent
plasma
(CCP).
CCP,
collected
recovered
individuals,
contains
high
levels
polyclonal
antibodies
different
subclasses
able
neutralize
infection.
Tens
randomized
controlled
trials
have
conducted
last
three
years
evaluate
safety
and
clinical
efficacy
CCP
in
both
hospitalized
ambulatory
patients,
whose
main
results
will
be
summarized
narrative
review.
In
addition,
we
present
current
knowledge
on
development
anti-SARS-CoV-2
hyperimmune
immunoglobulins.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 459 - 459
Published: April 25, 2024
Understanding
the
antibody
response
to
SARS-CoV-2,
virus
responsible
for
COVID-19,
is
crucial
comprehending
disease
progression
and
significance
of
vaccine
therapeutic
development.
The
emergence
highly
contagious
variants
poses
a
significant
challenge
humoral
immunity,
underscoring
necessity
grasping
intricacies
specific
antibodies.
This
review
emphasizes
pivotal
role
antibodies
in
shaping
immune
responses
their
implications
diagnosing,
preventing,
treating
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
It
delves
into
kinetics
characteristics
explores
current
antibody-based
diagnostics,
discussing
strengths,
clinical
utility,
limitations.
Furthermore,
we
underscore
potential
SARS-CoV-2-specific
antibodies,
various
therapies
such
as
monoclonal
polyclonal
anti-cytokines,
convalescent
plasma,
hyperimmunoglobulin-based
therapies.
Moreover,
offer
insights
vaccines,
emphasizing
neutralizing
order
confer
immunity
along
with
emerging
concern
(VOCs)
circulating
Omicron
subvariants.
We
also
highlight
challenges
field,
risks
antibody-dependent
enhancement
(ADE)
shed
light
on
associated
original
antigenic
sin
(OAS)
effect
long
COVID.
Overall,
this
intends
provide
valuable
insights,
which
are
advancing
sensitive
diagnostic
tools,
identifying
efficient
therapeutics,
developing
effective
vaccines
combat
evolving
threat
global
scale.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(7), P. 795 - 795
Published: July 18, 2024
Immunity
against
respiratory
pathogens
is
often
short-term,
and,
consequently,
there
an
unmet
need
for
the
effective
prevention
of
such
infections.
One
infectious
disease
coronavirus
19
(COVID-19),
which
caused
by
novel
Beta
SARS-CoV-2
that
emerged
around
end
2019.
The
World
Health
Organization
declared
illness
a
pandemic
on
11
March
2020,
and
since
then
it
has
killed
or
sickened
millions
people
globally.
development
COVID-19
systemic
vaccines,
impressively
led
to
significant
reduction
in
severity,
hospitalization,
mortality,
contained
pandemic’s
expansion.
However,
these
vaccines
have
not
been
able
stop
virus
from
spreading
because
restricted
mucosal
immunity.
As
result,
breakthrough
infections
frequently
occurred,
new
strains
emerging.
Furthermore,
will
likely
continue
circulate
like
influenza
virus,
co-exist
with
humans.
upper
tract
nasal
cavity
are
primary
sites
infection
thus,
mucosal/nasal
vaccination
induce
response
virus’
transmission
warranted.
In
this
review,
we
present
status
both
approved
those
under
evaluation
clinical
trials.
our
approach
B-cell
peptide-based
applied
prime-boost
schedule
elicit
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 247 - 247
Published: Feb. 27, 2024
Data
on
immune
responses
following
COVID-19
booster
vaccinations
and
subsequent
infections
in
the
immunocompromised
are
limited.
We
studied
antibody
after
fourth
dose
to
define
patient
groups
benefiting
most
from
boosters.
Fourth
vaccine
(booster)
doses
were,
Finland,
first
recommended
for
severely
individuals,
whom
we
invited
participate
our
study
2022.
assessed
spike
protein-specific
IgG
neutralizing
antibodies
(NAb)
against
ancestral
Omicron
BA.1
strains
one
month
488
adult
participants
compared
them
levels
of
35
healthy
controls
three
doses.
used
Bayesian
generalized
linear
modeling
assess
factors
explaining
vaccine-induced
hybrid
immunity
six
months
last
dose.
Chronic
kidney
disease
(CKD)
immunosuppressive
therapy
(IT)
were
identified
as
sub-optimal
responses.
The
proportion
with
a
normal
response
NAbs
was
significantly
lower
regarding
CKD
patients
controls.
By
6-month
sampling
point,
one-third
became
infected
(documented
by
serology
and/or
molecular
tests),
which
notably
enhanced
participants.
Impaired
responses,
especially
lineage,
suggest
limited
protection
individuals
highlight
need
alternative
pharmaceutical
preventive
strategies.
Vaccination
strategies
should
take
into
account
development
robust
also
among
immunocompromised.
COVID,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(8), P. 1272 - 1290
Published: Aug. 16, 2024
The
emergence
of
COVID-19
has
evolved
into
a
global
pandemic,
causing
an
unprecedented
public
health
crisis
marked
by
levels
morbidity
never
seen
in
the
recent
past.
Considerable
research
efforts
have
been
made
scientific
community
to
establish
optimal
method
identify
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infections
and
understand
induced
immune
response.
This
review
examined
development
serological
tests
during
considering
factors
affecting
sensitivity
specificity,
which
are
key
promote
efficient
vaccination
strategy
for
health.
market
witnessed
introduction
various
detection
SARS-CoV-2,
such
as
chemiluminescence
immunoassay
(CLIA),
emerged
powerful
rapid
tool
monitor
antibody
response
before
after
or
infection.
Therefore,
developing
studying
trends
persistence
is
essential
creating
long-term
strategies.
Our
analysis
underscores
multifaceted
applications
pandemic
management
with
focus
on
critical
insights
they
provide
dynamics
that
help
managing
ongoing
shaping
future
initiatives,
providing
basis
optimizing
viral
threats.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(40)
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
Abstract
Host
immunity
is
central
to
the
virus's
spread
dynamics,
which
significantly
influenced
by
vaccination
and
prior
infection
experiences.
In
this
work,
we
analyzed
co‐evolution
of
SARS‐CoV‐2
mutation,
angiotensin‐converting
enzyme
2
(ACE2)
receptor
binding,
neutralizing
antibody
(NAb)
responses
across
various
variants
in
822
human
mice
vaccinated
with
different
non‐Omicron
Omicron
vaccines
analyzed.
The
link
between
vaccine
efficacy
type,
dosing,
post‐vaccination
duration
revealed.
classification
immune
protection
against
co‐evolved
genetic
mutations
vaccination.
Additionally,
a
model,
Prevalence
Score
(P‐Score)
introduced,
surpasses
previous
algorithm‐based
models
predicting
potential
prevalence
new
populations.
hybrid
combining
wild‐type
(WT)
inactivated
BA.4/5
mRNA
may
provide
broad
both
variants,
albeit
EG.5.1
still
posing
risk.
conclusion,
these
findings
enhance
understanding
population
variations
valuable
insights
for
future
development
public
health
strategies.