Antibiotics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(3), P. 257 - 257
Published: March 14, 2024
Acinetobacter
baumannii
is
a
Gram-negative
pathogen
responsible
for
variety
of
community-
and
hospital-acquired
infections.
It
recognized
as
life-threatening
among
hospitalized
individuals
and,
in
particular,
immunocompromised
patients
many
countries.
A.
baumannii,
member
the
ESKAPE
group,
encompasses
high
genomic
plasticity
simultaneously
predisposed
to
receive
exchange
mobile
genetic
elements
(MGEs)
through
horizontal
transfer
(HGT).
Indeed,
treasure
trove
that
contains
number
virulence
factors.
In
accordance
with
these
unique
pathogenic
characteristics
authors
aim
discuss
natural
pan-genome
factors
pertaining
this
bacterial
monster
try
highlight
reasons
why
bacterium
great
concern
global
public
health
system.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(2), P. 297 - 297
Published: Jan. 27, 2024
This
review
comprehensively
explores
the
intricate
landscape
of
anaplastic
lymphoma
kinase
(ALK),
focusing
specifically
on
its
pivotal
role
in
non-small
cell
lung
cancer
(NSCLC).
Tracing
ALK's
discovery,
from
fusion
with
nucleolar
phosphoprotein
(NPM)-1
large
non-Hodgkin's
(ALCL)
1994,
elucidates
subsequent
impact
ALK
gene
alterations
various
malignancies,
including
inflammatory
myofibroblastoma
and
NSCLC.
Approximately
3-5%
NSCLC
patients
exhibit
complex
rearrangements,
leading
to
approval
six
ALK-tyrosine
inhibitors
(TKIs)
by
2022,
revolutionizing
treatment
for
advanced
metastatic
+
Notably,
second-generation
TKIs
such
as
alectinib,
ceritinib,
brigatinib
have
emerged
address
resistance
issues
initially
associated
pioneer
ALK-TKI,
crizotinib.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. e42509 - e42509
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
:Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
are
critical
mediators
of
intercellular
communication
and
exhibit
significant
potential
across
various
biomedical
domains.
These
nano-sized,
membrane-encapsulated
entities
have
captured
substantial
interest
due
to
their
diverse
roles
in
pathogenesis
promising
therapeutic
applications.
EVs
manage
numerous
physiological
processes
by
transferring
bioactive
molecules,
including
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids,
between
cells.
This
review
delves
into
the
factors
influencing
properties
EVs,
such
as
temperature
stress
conditions,
which
collectively
influence
size,
composition,
functional
attributes.
We
also
describe
emerging
emphasizing
involvement
microbial
interactions,
immune
modulation,
antimicrobial
resistance
spread
innovative
diagnostic
instruments.
Despite
applications,
advancement
EV-based
therapies
faces
several
challenges,
will
be
discussed.
By
elucidating
these
elements,
we
aim
provide
a
comprehensive
overview
transformative
revolutionizing
diagnostics
therapeutics
medicine.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: May 16, 2024
Importance
Research
is
beginning
to
elucidate
the
sophisticated
mechanisms
underlying
microbiota-gut-brain-immune
interface,
moving
from
primarily
animal
models
human
studies.
Findings
support
dynamic
relationships
between
gut
microbiota
as
an
ecosystem
(microbiome)
within
(host)
and
its
intersection
with
host
immune
nervous
systems.
Adding
this
effects
on
epigenetic
regulation
of
gene
expression
further
complicates
strengthens
response.
At
heart
inflammation,
which
manifests
in
a
variety
pathologies
including
neurodegenerative
diseases
such
Alzheimer’s
disease,
Parkinson’s
Multiple
Sclerosis
(MS).
Observations
Generally,
research
date
limited
has
focused
bacteria,
likely
due
simplicity
cost-effectiveness
16s
rRNA
sequencing,
despite
lower
resolution
inability
determine
functional
ability/alterations.
However,
omits
all
other
fungi,
viruses,
phages,
are
emerging
key
members
microbiome.
Much
been
done
pre-clinical
and/or
small
studies
more
developed
parts
world.
The
observed
promising
but
cannot
be
considered
reliable
or
generalizable
at
time.
Specifically,
causal
determined
currently.
More
followed
by
then
little
MS.
data
for
MS
encouraging
this.
Conclusions
relevance
While
still
nascent,
interface
may
missing
link,
hampered
our
progress
understanding,
let
alone
preventing,
managing,
putting
into
remission
diseases.
Relationships
must
first
established
humans,
have
shown
poorly
translate
complex
physiology
environments,
especially
when
investigating
microbiome
where
often
overly
simplistic.
Only
can
robust
conducted
humans
using
mechanistic
model
Immunity Inflammation and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(7)
Published: July 1, 2024
Abstract
Background
Toll‐like
receptors
(TLRs)
are
a
family
of
fundamental
pattern
recognition
in
the
innate
immune
system,
constituting
first
line
defense
against
endogenous
and
exogenous
antigens.
The
gut
microbiota,
collection
commensal
microorganisms
intestine,
is
major
source
components
metabolites
microbiota
interact
with
specific
TLRs
to
contribute
whole‐body
metabolic
homeostasis.
Objective
This
review
aims
summarize
interaction
between
TLR
signaling
pathways
enumerate
role
dysbiosis‐induced
obesity,
inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD),
colorectal
cancer
(CRC).
Results
Through
TLRs,
facilitates
development
both
adaptive
systems,
while
system
monitors
dynamic
changes
bacteria
maintain
balance
host‐microorganism
symbiosis.
Dysbiosis
can
induce
cascade
responses
mediated
by
pathways,
potentially
resulting
various
diseases.
Conclusion
Understanding
crosstalk
contributes
potential
therapeutic
applications
related
diseases,
offering
new
avenues
for
treatment
strategies
conditions
like
IBD,
CRC.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Jan. 8, 2024
Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone
(GnRH1)
and
its
receptor
(GnRHR1)
drive
reproduction
by
regulating
gonadotropins.
Another
form,
GnRH2,
(GnRHR2),
also
exist
in
mammals.
In
humans,
GnRH2
GnRHR2
genes
are
present,
but
coding
errors
the
gene
predicted
to
hinder
full-length
protein
production.
Nonetheless,
mounting
evidence
supports
presence
of
a
functional
humans.
have
been
identified
throughout
body,
including
peripheral
reproductive
tissues
like
ovary,
uterus,
breast,
prostate.
addition,
detected
wide
number
cancer
cells
Notably,
analogues
potent
anti-proliferative,
pro-apoptotic,
and/or
anti-metastatic
effects
on
various
cancers,
endometrial,
placental,
ovarian,
Thus,
is
an
emerging
target
treat
human
cancers.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(6), P. 3105 - 3105
Published: March 7, 2024
Tumors
intricately
shape
a
highly
immunosuppressive
microenvironment,
hampering
effective
antitumor
immune
responses
through
diverse
mechanisms.
Consequently,
achieving
optimal
efficacy
in
cancer
immunotherapy
necessitates
the
reorganization
of
tumor
microenvironment
and
restoration
responses.
Bladder
cancer,
ranking
as
second
most
prevalent
malignant
urinary
tract,
presents
formidable
challenge.
Immunotherapeutic
interventions
including
intravesical
BCG
checkpoint
inhibitors
such
atezolizumab,
avelumab,
pembrolizumab
have
been
implemented.
However,
substantial
unmet
need
persists
majority
bladder
patients
across
all
stages
do
not
respond
adequately
to
immunotherapy.
establishes
that
can
actively
hinder
an
efficient
anti-tumor
response.
A
deeper
understanding
evasion
mechanisms
will
aid
suppressing
recurrence
identifying
viable
therapeutic
targets.
This
review
seeks
elucidate
specific
explore
novel
pathways
molecular
targets
might
circumvent
resistance
