Immunosenescence and Cytomegalovirus: Exploring Their Connection in the Context of Aging, Health, and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 753 - 753

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Aging induces numerous physiological alterations, with immunosenescence emerging as a pivotal factor. This phenomenon has attracted both researchers and clinicians, prompting profound questions about its implications for health disease. Among the contributing factors, one intriguing actor in this complex interplay is human cytomegalovirus (CMV), member of herpesvirus family. Latent CMV infection exerts influence on aging immune system, potentially to age-related diseases. review delves into intricate relationship between CMV, revealing how chronic viral impacts landscape. We explore mechanisms through which can impact composition functionality cell populations induce shifts inflammatory profiles aging. Moreover, we examine potential role pathologies such cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, COVID-19, Long COVID. underlines importance understanding CMV. It offers insights pathophysiology age-associated well COVID-19 outcomes among elderly. By unraveling connections gain deeper aging’s remarkable journey that infections play transforming system.

Language: Английский

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Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Long COVID (also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection [PASC] or post-COVID syndrome) is characterized by persistent symptoms that extend beyond the acute phase infection, affecting approximately 10% to over 30% those infected. It presents a significant clinical challenge, notably due pronounced neurocognitive such brain fog. The mechanisms underlying these effects are multifactorial, with mounting evidence pointing central role cerebromicrovascular dysfunction. This review investigates key pathophysiological contributing cerebrovascular dysfunction in long and their impacts on health. We discuss how endothelial tropism direct vascular trigger dysfunction, impaired neurovascular coupling, blood–brain barrier disruption, resulting compromised cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, appears induce mitochondrial enhancing oxidative stress inflammation within cells. Autoantibody formation following also potentially exacerbates injury, chronic ongoing compromise. These factors collectively contribute emergence white matter hyperintensities, promote amyloid pathology, may accelerate neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer’s disease. emphasizes critical advanced imaging techniques assessing health need for targeted interventions address complications. A deeper understanding essential advance treatments mitigate its long-term consequences.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 50(2), P. 61 - 68

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

T-cell-mediated immunity is essential for controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection, preventing disease, and potentially reducing the risk of long-term disease (COVID). This study investigated impact natural vaccination, hybrid on T-cell responses, with a particular emphasis role memory T-cells in COVID-19. The present reviewed current literature including development, individuals SARS-CoV-2 those vaccinated messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, immunity. It examined studies that compared activity, immune regulation, prevalence COVID-19 across these groups. Natural infection induces variable cases showing stronger but sometimes dysregulated immunological which may contribute to prolonged Vaccination, particularly mRNA elicits targeted consistent T-cells, severity, incidence Hybrid combines provides most robust protection, enhanceds reduces through balanced regulation. Memory play critical mitigating Vaccination significantly enhances immunity, minimizing chronic symptoms alone. effective defense, emphasizing importance even after prevent

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Complexities of Long COVID

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1060 - 1060

Published: June 30, 2024

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019, nearly 700 million COVID-19 cases and 7 deaths have been reported globally. Despite most individuals recovering within four weeks, Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 7.5% to 41% develop post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS), known as 'Long COVID'. This review provides current statistics on Long COVID's prevalence, explores hypotheses concerning epidemiological factors, such age, gender, comorbidities, initial severity, vaccine interactions, delves into potential mechanisms, including immune responses, viral persistence, gut dysbiosis. Moreover, we conclude women, advanced non-vaccination, low socioeconomic status all appear be risk factors. The reasons these differences are still not fully understood likely involve a complex relationship between social, genetic, hormonal, other Furthermore, with seem more endure economic hardship due persistent symptoms. In summary, our findings further illustrate multifaceted nature COVID underscore importance understanding factors mechanisms needed effective therapeutic strategies interventions.

Language: Английский

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Progress and prospects of mRNA-based drugs in pre-clinical and clinical applications

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Abstract In the last decade, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based drugs have gained great interest in both immunotherapy and non-immunogenic applications. This surge can be largely attributed to demonstration of distinct advantages offered by various mRNA molecules, alongside rapid advancements nucleic delivery systems. It is noteworthy that immunogenicity presents a double-edged sword. context immunotherapy, extra supplementation adjuvant generally required for induction robust immune responses. Conversely, non-immunotherapeutic scenarios, activation unwanted considering host tolerability high expression demand mRNA-encoded functional proteins. Herein, mainly focused on linear non-replicating mRNA, we overview preclinical clinical progress prospects medicines encompassing vaccines other therapeutics. We also highlight importance focusing host-specific variations, including age, gender, pathological condition, concurrent medication individual patient, maximized efficacy safety upon administration. Furthermore, deliberate potential challenges may encounter realm disease treatment, current endeavors improvement, as well application future advancements. Overall, this review aims present comprehensive understanding mRNA-based therapies while illuminating prospective development drugs.

Language: Английский

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Immunological Profile and Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Elderly Patients with Cognitive Impairments

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1888 - 1888

Published: Feb. 4, 2024

The process of aging is accompanied by a dynamic restructuring the immune response, phenomenon known as immunosenescence. Further, damage to endothelium can be both cause and consequence many diseases, especially in elderly people. purpose this study was carry out immunological biochemical profiling people with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI), prediabetes or newly diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus (DM), subcortical vascular dementia (SIVD). Socio-demographic, lifestyle, cognitive data were obtained. Biochemical, hematological, analyses carried out, extracellular vesicles (EVs) endothelial CD markers assessed. greatest number significant deviations from conditionally healthy donors (HDs) same age registered SIVD group, total 20, which 12 specific six non-specific but maximal differences (as compared other three groups) HDs group. for MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Impairment Scale), MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) life satisfaction self-assessment scores, decrease albumin levels, ADAMTS13 (a Disintegrin Metalloproteinase Thrombospondin Type 1 motif, member 13) activity, an increase VWF (von Willebrand factor) level. Considering changes parameters (mostly Th17-like cells) (CD144 CD34), repair impaired extent DM AIS patients showed HD controls, including These high NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) CD31 CD147 EVs. lowest CCCI nine total. There controls no specifics just one difference control parameters, α1-AGP (alpha acid glycoprotein, orosomucoid). Besides patients, impairments also complete absence such (SIVD group). On hand, microvascular seemed latter considering indicators ADAMTS13. In maximum response registered, mainly cells. reaction not pronounced groups may indicate initial stages and/or compensatory nature organic (remodeling). At time, indicated persistent remodeling microvessels, inflammation, anabolic function liver tissues. obtained support two interrelated assumptions. Taking into account primary factors that trigger pathological processes associated pathology related first assumption purine degradation skeletal muscle major factor production uric acid, followed its non-muscle cells, main are Another therapeutic levels progenitor cells have effect reducing risk cerebrovascular disease neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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Adult Long Coronavirus Disease 2019

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: Outcomes and prospects

Rheumatology Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 32 - 54

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), etiologically related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2), has drawn attention new clinical and fundamental problems in immunopathology human diseases associated with virus-induced autoimmunity autoinflammation. provision that “the experience gained rheumatology process studying pathogenetic mechanisms pharmacotherapy immunoinflammatory rheumatic as most common severe forms autoimmune autoinflammatory pathology humans will be demand for deciphering nature pathological processes underlying COVID-19 developing approaches effective pharmacotherapy” was confirmed numerous studies conducted over next 3 years midst pandemic. main focus on a critical analysis data regarding role inflammation, which basis pathogenesis immune-mediated context COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Inflammaging, immunosenescence, and cardiovascular aging: insights into long COVID implications

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 26, 2024

Aging leads to physiological changes, including inflammaging-a chronic low-grade inflammatory state with significant implications for various systems, particularly cardiovascular health. Concurrently, immunosenescence-the age-related decline in immune function, exacerbates vulnerabilities pathologies older individuals. Examining the dynamic connections between immunosenescence, inflammation, and aging, this mini-review aims disentangle some of these interactions a better understanding their complex interplay. In context associated inflammaging compromises vascular integrity contributing atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffening, hypertension. The aging system's amplifies oxidative stress, fostering an environment conducive atherosclerotic plaque formation. Noteworthy markers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha emerge key players triggering signaling pathways intensifying immunosenescence. review we aim explore molecular cellular mechanisms underlying shedding light on nuanced contributions diseases. Furthermore, reciprocal relationship immunosenescence inflammaging, revealing self-reinforcing cycle that intensifies risks. This opens avenues potential therapeutic targets break mitigate dysfunction address Long COVID, introducing additional layer complexity Our stimulate continued exploration advance our within realm

Language: Английский

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Aging brain: exploring the interplay between bone marrow aging, immunosenescence, and neuroinflammation

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 4, 2024

Aging is a complex process characterized by myriad of physiological changes, including alterations in the immune system termed immunosenescence. It exerts profound effects on both bone marrow and central nervous system, with significant implications for immunosenescence neurological contexts. Our mini-review explores relationship between aging its impact immunosenescence, specifically within context diseases. The serves as crucial hub hematopoiesis cell production, yet age, it undergoes alterations, hematopoietic stem function, niche composition, inflammatory signaling. These age-related shifts microenvironment contribute to dysregulation homeostasis impacting neuroinflammatory processes neuronal health. In our review, we aim explore cellular molecular mechanisms that link inflammaging, neuroinflammation, specific focus their relevance pathophysiology disorders. By exploring this interplay, strive provide comprehensive understanding how impacts function contributes progression diseases individuals. Ultimately, knowledge can hold substantial promise development innovative therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving mitigating disorders elderly population.

Language: Английский

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