Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 28th Acute Disease Quality Initiative workgroup

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 401 - 417

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Cytokine Storm—Definition, Causes, and Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11740 - 11740

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

The human innate and adaptive immune systems consist of effector cells producing cytokines (interleukins, interferons, chemokines, numerous other mediators). Usually, a fragile equilibrium pro- anti-inflammation effects is maintained by complex regulatory mechanisms. Disturbances this homeostasis can lead to intricate chain reactions resulting in massive release cytokines. This may result drastic self-reinforcement various feedback mechanisms, which ultimately systemic damage, multi-organ failure, or death. Not only pathogens initiate such disturbances, but also congenital diseases immunomodulatory therapies. Due the diverse interactions within systems, understanding important clinical syndrome incomplete date effective therapeutic approaches remain scarce.

Language: Английский

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Sepsis-associated brain injury: underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for acute and long-term cognitive impairments

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: April 29, 2022

Abstract Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. causes cerebral in the short and long term induces disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB), neuroinflammation, hypoperfusion, accumulation amyloid β (Aβ) tau protein brain. White matter changes brain atrophy can be detected using imaging, but unfortunately, there no specific treatment that directly addresses underlying mechanisms cognitive impairments sepsis. Here, we review sepsis-associated injury, with focus on BBB Aβ We also describe neurological manifestations imaging findings finally, propose potential therapeutic strategies for acute long-term associated In phase sepsis, suggest antibiotics (such as rifampicin), targeting proinflammatory cytokines, preventing ischemic injuries hypoperfusion. late dysfunction, phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), receptor advanced glycation end products (RAGE). These proposed are meant bring new mechanism-based directions future basic clinical research aimed at or ameliorating patients

Language: Английский

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The Immune and Regenerative Response to Burn Injury

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(19), P. 3073 - 3073

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Burn are diverse and complex injuries that not only have local effects but also serious systemic consequences through severe prolonged inflammatory response. They caused by heat, electricity, friction, chemicals, or radiation commonly divided into superficial, superficial partial-, deep partial- full-thickness injuries. The severity of the burn depends mainly on size depth injury location, age, underlying diseases. A strong immune response makes major burns even worse causing multiple including damage to heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, other organs. Burns do require surgical excision, partial-thickness, follow known progression wound healing (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling), whilst full thickness requiring excision grafting not. For these burns, intervention is required for optimal coverage, function, cosmesis. Annually millions people worldwide suffer from associated with high morbidity mortality. Fortunately, over past decades, care has significantly improved. improvement in understanding pathophysiology led developments skin grafting, fluid resuscitation, infection control nutrition This review article focuses regenerative responses following injury. In Introduction, we describe epidemiology pathophysiology. focus chapter Next, define introducing all different cell types involved. Subsequently, discuss as well some emerging novel treatments battle against burns.

Language: Английский

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The role of macrophages polarization in sepsis-induced acute lung injury

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Sepsis presents as a severe infectious disease frequently documented in clinical settings. Characterized by its systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis has the potential to trigger multi-organ dysfunction and can escalate becoming life-threatening. A common fallout from is acute lung injury (ALI), which often progresses respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Macrophages, due their significant role immune system, are receiving increased attention studies. Macrophage polarization process that hinges on an intricate regulatory network influenced myriad of signaling molecules, transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, metabolic reprogramming. In this review, our primary focus classically activated macrophages (M1-like) alternatively (M2-like) two paramount phenotypes instrumental sepsis’ host response. An imbalance between M1-like M2-like precipitate onset exacerbate progression sepsis. This review provides comprehensive understanding interplay macrophage sepsis-induced (SALI) elaborates intervention strategy centers around crucial polarization.

Language: Английский

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Immune dysregulation in sepsis: experiences, lessons and perspectives

Cell Death Discovery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Not only does sepsis pose serious hazard human health, but it also imposes substantial economic burden on the healthcare system. The cornerstones of current treatment for remain source control, fluid resuscitation, and rapid administration antibiotics, etc. To date, no drugs have been approved treating sepsis, most clinical trials potential therapies failed reduce mortality. immune response pathogen complex, resulting in innate adaptive that, if not promptly controlled, can lead excessive inflammation, immunosuppression, failure re-establish homeostasis. impaired patients with immunotherapy modulate causing inflammation or enhancing immunity suggest importance demonstrating individualized therapy. Here, we review where cell production, effector function, survival are directly affected during sepsis. In addition, discuss septic highlight need precise according stratification.

Language: Английский

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Multidrug-Resistant Sepsis: A Critical Healthcare Challenge

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 46 - 46

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Sepsis globally accounts for an alarming annual toll of 48.9 million cases, resulting in 11 deaths, and inflicts economic burden approximately USD 38 billion on the United States healthcare system. The rise multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) has elevated urgency surrounding management (MDR) sepsis, evolving into a critical global health concern. This review aims to provide comprehensive overview current epidemiology sepsis its associated challenges, particularly critically ill hospitalized patients. Highlighted findings demonstrated complex nature pathophysiology immune responses, which significantly hinder treatment. Studies also revealed that aging, antibiotic overuse or abuse, inadequate empiric therapy, underlying comorbidities contribute recurrent thereby leading septic shock, multi-organ failure, ultimately paralysis, all high mortality rates among Moreover, studies confirmed correlation between readmission increased risk cognitive organ dysfunction patients, amplifying hospital-associated costs. To mitigate impact burden, researchers have directed their efforts towards innovative diagnostic methods like point-of-care testing (POCT) devices rapid, accurate, bedside detection sepsis; however, these are currently limited detecting only few resistance biomarkers, thus warranting further exploration. Numerous interventions been introduced treat MDR including combination therapy with antibiotics from two different classes precision involves personalized treatment strategies tailored individual needs. Finally, addressing MDR-associated challenges at regional levels based local pathogen patterns emerges as strategy effective minimizing adverse effects.

Language: Английский

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Interleukin-6 related signaling pathways as the intersection between chronic diseases and sepsis

Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Sepsis is associated with immune dysregulated and organ dysfunction due to severe infection. Clinicians aim restore function, rather than prevent diseases that are prone sepsis, resulting in high mortality a heavy public health burden. Some chronic can induce sepsis through inflammation cascade reaction Cytokine Storm (CS). Interleukin (IL)-6, the core of CS, its related signaling pathways have been considered as contributors sepsis. Therefore, it important study relationship between IL-6 sepsis-related diseases. This review generalized mechanism via purpose take rational management for these were sought Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG), retrieved protein-protein interaction Search Interaction tool (STRING). In PubMed Google Scholar, studies searched out, which correlating associating pathological process Focused on interactions pathways, some studied association containing insulin resistance, Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), Alzheimer (AD), atherosclerosis. article summarized inflammatory mechanisms cross-talked other mediators vitro, animal models, human experiments, leading activation accelerating progression The clinicians should be highlight this kind more clinical trials needed provide reliable theoretical basis policy formulation.

Language: Английский

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The Value of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) for Sepsis Diagnosis and Prognosis

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1881 - 1881

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Sepsis represents an important global health burden due to its high mortality and morbidity. The rapid detection of sepsis is crucial in order prevent adverse outcomes reduce mortality. However, the diagnosis still challenging many efforts have been made identify reliable biomarkers. Unfortunately, investigated biomarkers several limitations that do not support their introduction clinical practice, such as moderate diagnostic prognostic accuracy, long turn-around time, high-costs. Complete blood count instead a precious test provides wealth information on individual status. It can guide clinicians early-identify patients at risk developing predict outcomes. has advantages, being cheap, easy-to-perform, available all wards, from emergency department intensive care unit. Noteworthy, it first-level alteration parameters must always be considered within context, eventual suspect confirmed by more specific investigations. In this review, we describe usefulness basic new complete sepsis.

Language: Английский

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Single-Molecule Optical Biosensing: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

ACS Physical Chemistry Au, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 143 - 156

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

In recent years, the sensitivity and specificity of optical sensors has improved tremendously due to improvements in biochemical functionalization protocols detection systems. As a result, single-molecule been reported range biosensing assay formats. this Perspective, we summarize that achieve direct label-free assays, sandwich competitive assays. We describe advantages disadvantages assays future challenges field including their miniaturization integration, multimodal sensing capabilities, accessible time scales, compatibility with real-life matrices such as biological fluids. conclude by highlighting possible application areas include not only healthcare but also monitoring environment industrial processes.

Language: Английский

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