A review of the global climate change impacts, adaptation strategies, and mitigation options in the socio-economic and environmental sectors

Journal of Environmental Science and Economics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 36 - 58

Published: Sept. 17, 2023

Climate change causes long-term weather changes from the tropics to polls. It is a global threat that strains several sectors. The present study conducts review analysis theoretically explores how climatic variability degrading sector sustainability. Due irreversible variations, agricultural particularly vulnerable. In turn, it disrupting worldwide consumption patterns, especially in countries where agriculture central their economy and productivity. shifting optimum temperature ranges, climate also increasing biodiversity loss through modifying ecosystem architecture. increases risk of food, water, vector-borne diseases. Antimicrobial resistance, which developing due resistant pathogenic infections, accelerated by change. hurts forestry tourism business. This examines socio-economic environmental mitigation adaptation strategies economic consequences. According findings, knotted answerability resources laws created past generate progressive policy need government involvement for development. Thus, addressing change's dire consequences demands cooperation maintain world survival.

Language: Английский

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Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

SUMMARY Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has undergone dramatic advancement in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The power and potential this platform technology were rapidly realized when it became evident that not only did WBS-measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlate strongly with COVID-19 clinical within monitored populations but also, fact, functioned as a leading indicator. Teams from across globe innovated novel approaches by which wastewater could be collected diverse sewersheds ranging treatment plants (enabling community-level surveillance) to more granular locations including individual neighborhoods high-risk buildings such long-term care facilities (LTCF). Efficient processes enabled extraction concentration highly dilute matrix. Molecular genomic tools identify, quantify, characterize its various variants adapted programs applied these mixed environmental systems. Novel data-sharing allowed information mobilized made immediately available public health government decision-makers even public, enabling evidence-informed decision-making based on local dynamics. WBS since been recognized tool transformative potential, providing near-real-time cost-effective, objective, comprehensive, inclusive data changing prevalence measured analytes space time populations. However, consequence rapid innovation hundreds teams simultaneously, tremendous heterogeneity currently exists literature. This manuscript provides state-of-the-art review established details current work underway expanding scope other infectious targets.

Language: Английский

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Key considerations for pathogen surveillance in wastewater

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 945, P. 173862 - 173862

Published: June 12, 2024

Wastewater surveillance (WWS) has received significant attention as a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective tool for monitoring various pathogens in community. WWS is employed to assess the spatial temporal trends of diseases identify their early appearances reappearances, well detect novel mutated variants. However, shedding rates vary significantly depending on factors such disease severity, physiology affected individuals, characteristics pathogen. Furthermore, may exhibit differential fate decay kinetics sewerage system. Variable affect detection wastewater. This influence interpretation results conclusions studies. When selecting pathogen WWS, it essential consider it's specific characteristics. If data are not readily available, fate, decay, should be assessed before conducting surveillance. Alternatively, these can compared those similar which available.

Language: Английский

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Tracing COVID-19 Trails in Wastewater: A Systematic Review of SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance with Viral Variants

Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1018 - 1018

Published: March 7, 2023

The emergence of new variants SARS-CoV-2 associated with varying infectivity, pathogenicity, diagnosis, and effectiveness against treatments challenged the overall management COVID-19 pandemic. Wastewater surveillance (WWS), i.e., monitoring infections in communities through detecting viruses wastewater, was applied to track spread globally. However, there is a lack comprehensive understanding use WWS for variants. Here we systematically reviewed published articles reporting different wastewater by following PRISMA guidelines provided current state art this study area. A total 80 studies were found that reported until November 2022. Most these (66 out 80, 82.5%) conducted Europe North America, resource-rich countries. There high variation sampling strategy around world, composite (50/66 studies, 76%) as primary method In contrast, grab more common (8/14 57%) resource-limited Among detection methods, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based sequencing quantitative RT-PCR commonly used wastewater. variants, B1.1.7 (Alpha) variant appeared earlier pandemic most (48/80 studies), followed B.1.617.2 (Delta), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), others All same pattern clinical within timeline, demonstrating tracked all timely way when emerged. Thus, may be utilized identify presence or absence follow development transmission existing emerging Routine powerful infectious disease tool implemented

Language: Английский

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Immunomodulation, Bioavailability and Safety of Bacteriocins

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1521 - 1521

Published: July 7, 2023

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the emergence new pathogens have created a need for strategies to fight against infectious diseases. One promising approach is use antimicrobial peptides produced by certain species bacteria, known as bacteriocins, which are active other strains same or related species. Bacteriocins can help in treatment prevention Moreover, bacteriocins be obtained prokaryotic organisms, contribute s their widespread use. While currently limited food industry (for example, nisin used preservative, E234), large number studies on microbicidal properties suggest that medicine may increase foreseeable future. However, successful medicine, it necessary understand effect immune system, especially cases where immunity weakened due processes, oncological, allergic, autoimmune Studies immuno-modulatory activity animal models human cells revealed ability induce both pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory factors involved implementation innate immunity. influence acquired an T-lymphocytes with simultaneous decrease B-lymphocyte levels, makes them attractive substances reducing inflammation. industry, low toxicity, broad narrow specificity reasons researchers pay attention immunomodulatory explore medical applications. Inflammation regulation various pathologies. aim review was analyze scientific publications activity, bioavailability, safety order data organize preclinical clinical studies.

Language: Английский

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Detection of the clinically persistent, pathogenic yeast spp. Candida auris from hospital and municipal wastewater in Miami-Dade County, Florida

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 898, P. 165459 - 165459

Published: July 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Developing wastewater-based surveillance schemes for multiple pathogens: The WastPan project in Finland

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 926, P. 171401 - 171401

Published: March 11, 2024

Wastewater comprises multiple pathogens and offers a potential for wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) to track the prevalence of communicable diseases. The Finnish WastPan project aimed establish pandemic preparedness (viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi), including antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This article outlines WastPan's experiences in this project, criteria target selection, sampling locations, frequency, analysis methods results communication. Target selection relied on epidemiological microbiological evidence practical feasibility. Within framework, wastewater samples were collected between 2021 2023 from 10 treatment plants (WWTPs) covering 40 % Finland's population. WWTP was validated reported cases Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing bacterial (Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae) National Infectious Disease Register. workflow included 24-h composite influent samples, with one fraction culture-based (bacteria fungi) rest sample reserved molecular antibiotic genes, parasites). reproducibility monitoring assessed SARS-CoV-2 through inter-laboratory comparisons using N2 N1 assays. Identical protocols applied same-day yielding similar positivity trends two laboratories, but assay achieved significantly higher detection rate (Laboratory 1: 91.5 %; Laboratory 2: 87.4 %) than (76.6 monitored only 2 (McNemar, p < 0.001 Lab 1, = 0.006 2). result indicates that primers assays may impact sensitivity WBS. Overall, current study recommends frequencies population coverage should be based pathogen-specific characteristics. For example, are stable over time need less frequent annual sampling, while those occurring across regions require reduced coverage. Here, successfully piloted WBS pathogens, highlighting significance one-litre community assessing health. infrastructure established COVID-19 is valuable various pathogens. Prioritizing targets optimizes resource utilization, legislative support determination sustained funding advisable future.

Language: Английский

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Clinically relevant sequence types of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae detected in Finnish wastewater in 2021–2022

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical threat to human health. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are clinically the most important species associated with AMR common carbapenemase-producing (CP) Enterobacterales detected in specimens Finland. Wastewater surveillance has emerged as potential approach for population-level of AMR, wastewater could offer reflection from larger population one sample minimal recognized ethical issues. In this study, we investigated detect CP E. K. strains similar those specimens. Methods Altogether, 89 composite samples untreated community were collected 10 treatment plants across Finland 2021–2022. isolated using selective culture media identified MALDI-TOF MS. susceptibility testing was performed disk diffusion test broth microdilution method, subset isolates characterized whole-genome sequencing. Results 26 (29.2%) 25 (28.1%) samples. Among coli, sequence type (ST) ST410 ( n = 7/26, 26.9%), while ST359 4/25, 16.0%) predominated among . Globally successful STs both (ST410, ST1284, ST167, ST405) (ST512, ST101, ST307). carbapenemases (KPC) 11/26, 42.3%) 13/25, 52.0%), yet also other carbapenemases, such bla NDM-5, OXA-48, OXA-181 , detected. We harboring ST enzyme combinations previously linked clusters Finland, KPC-2 ST512 KPC-3 Conclusions Our study highlights presence relevant wastewater. The results indicate that serve monitoring tool Enterobacterales. However, specificity sensitivity methods should be improved, technologies, like advanced sequencing methods, utilized distinguish data public health relevance, harness full surveillance, implement surveillance.

Language: Английский

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Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of carbapenem and colistin resistance in Klebsiella and other Enterobacterales from treated wastewater in Croatia

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 185, P. 108554 - 108554

Published: March 1, 2024

Among the most problematic bacteria with clinical relevance are carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), as there very limited options for their treatment. Treated wastewater can be a route release of these into environment and population. The aim this study was to isolate CRE from treated Zagreb treatment plant determine phenotypic genomic characteristics. A total 200 suspected were isolated, 148 which confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. predominant species Klebsiella spp. (n = 47), followed Citrobacter 40) Enterobacter cloacae complex (cplx.) 35). All isolates carbapenemase producers multidrug-resistant phenotype. Using multi-locus sequence typing whole-genome sequencing (WGS), 18 different types identified among isolates, 14 associated human-associated clones. virulence gene analysis sequenced 7) revealed potential pathogenicity. PCR WGS showed that frequent genes in K. pneumoniae blaOXA-48 blaNDM-1, frequently occurred together, while blaKPC-2 together blaNDM-1 mainly detected oxytoca, E. cplx. Colistin resistance observed 40 % 57 isolates. Underlying mechanisms include known potentially novel intrinsic (point mutations pmrA/B, phoP/Q, mgrB crrB genes) acquired (mcr-4.3 gene). mcr-4.3 first time is probably located on conjugative IncHI1B plasmid. In addition, 13 various other clinically relevant antibiotics well plasmids possibly genes. Our demonstrates important role municipal plays harboring spreading enterobacterial pathogens resistant last-resort antibiotics.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic resistance monitoring in wastewater in the Nordic countries: A systematic review

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 118052 - 118052

Published: Dec. 30, 2023

The Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) have effectively kept lower antibiotic-resistant bacterial (ARB) pathogen rates than many other countries. However, in recent years, these five encountered a rise ARB cases challenges treating infections due to the growing prevalence of pathogens. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) is valuable supplement clinical methods for surveillance, but there lack comprehensive understanding WBS application This review aims compile latest state-of-the-art developments monitoring compare them with practices. After reviewing 1480 papers from primary search, 54 were found relevant, 15 additional WBS-related included. Among 69 studies analyzed, 42 dedicated epidemiology, while 27 focused on wastewater monitoring. PRISMA literature revealed that focus four major objectives ARB: assessing human population, identifying evading treatment, quantifying removal rates, evaluating potential evolution during treatment process. In both contexts, most studied targets pathogens producing carbapenemase extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), primarily Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) received more attention epidemiology studies, probably their detection wastewater. Clinical has mostly used culturing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, genotyping, employed PCR-based metagenomics alongside culture-based techniques. Imported resulting international travel hospitalization abroad appear frequently contributed similarities between (e.g., knowledge exchange practices, usage patterns, current landscape) could facilitate collaborative efforts developing implementing population-level screening.

Language: Английский

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