Role of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharides in Neurological Disorders

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(24), P. 4038 - 4038

Published: Dec. 14, 2022

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell-wall immunostimulatory endotoxin component of Gram-negative bacteria. A growing body evidence reveals that alterations in the bacterial composition intestinal microbiota (gut dysbiosis) disrupt host immune homeostasis and barrier function. Microbial dysbiosis leads to proinflammatory milieu systemic endotoxemia, which contribute development neurodegenerative diseases metabolic disorders. Two important pathophysiological hallmarks (NDDs) are oxidative/nitrative stress inflammation, can be initiated by elevated permeability, with increased abundance pathobionts. These changes lead excessive release LPS other products into blood, turn induce chronic damages blood-brain (BBB). An impaired BBB allows translocation potentially harmful products, including LPS, activated neutrophils/leucocytes brain, results neuroinflammation apoptosis. Chronic causes neuronal damage synaptic loss, leading memory impairment. LPS-induced inflammation inappropriate activation microglia, astrocytes, dendritic cells. Consequently, these negatively affect mitochondrial function increases senescence. cellular brain give rise specific clinical symptoms, such as impairment locomotor function, muscle weakness, paralysis, learning deficits, dementia. This review summarizes contributing role cell death various diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota, an Additional Hallmark of Human Aging and Neurodegeneration

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 518, P. 141 - 161

Published: March 7, 2023

Gut microbiota represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms harbouring the gastrointestinal tract, which influences host health disease. Bacterial colonization tract begins at birth changes throughout life, with age being one conditioning factors for its vitality. Aging is also primary risk factor most neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, Alzheimeŕs disease (AD) probably where association state dysbiosis gut has been studied. In particular, intestinal microbial-derived metabolites have associated β-amyloid formation brain amyloid deposition, tau phosphorylation, as well neuroinflammation in AD patients. Moreover, it suggested that some oral bacteria increase developing AD. However, causal connections among microbiome, amyloid-tau interaction, neurodegeneration need to be addressed. This paper summarizes emerging evidence literature regarding link between microbiome focus on Taxonomic features microbial functional alterations biomarkers are main points reviewed. Data from clinical studies determinants particularly emphasized. Further, relationships age-dependent epigenetic other neurological disorders described. Together, all this suggests that, sense, can seen an additional hallmark human aging neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

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The interplay between oral microbiota, gut microbiota and systematic diseases

Journal of Oral Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 15, 2023

Over the past two decades, importance of microbiota in health and disease has become evident. The human gut oral are largest second-largest microbiome body, respectively, they physically connected as cavity is beginning digestive system. Emerging exciting evidence shown complex important connections between microbiota. interplay microbiomes may contribute to pathological processes many diseases, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel pancreatic cancer, colorectal so on. In this review, we discuss possible routes factors affect microbiota, contribution systemic diseases. Although most studies association studies, recently, there have been increasing mechanistic investigations. This review aims enhance interest connection shows tangible impact on health.

Language: Английский

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Shattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis—From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 90 - 90

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

For decades, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research has focused on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which identifies amyloid-beta (Aβ) as primary driver of disease. However, consistent failure Aβ-targeted therapies to demonstrate efficacy, coupled with significant safety concerns, underscores need rethink our approach AD treatment. Emerging evidence points microbial infections environmental factors in pathoetiology. Although a definitive causal link remains unestablished, collective is compelling. This review explores unconventional perspectives and emerging paradigms regarding involvement pathogenesis, emphasizing gut-brain axis, brain biofilms, oral microbiome, viral infections. Transgenic mouse models show that gut microbiota dysregulation precedes Aβ accumulation, signaling pathways. Viral like Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead by modulating host processes immune system. peptide's antimicrobial function response infection might inadvertently promote AD. We discuss potential microbiome-based promising strategies for managing potentially preventing progression. Fecal transplantation (FMT) restores balance, reduces improves cognition preclinical models. Probiotics prebiotics reduce neuroinflammation plaques, while antiviral targeting HSV-1 vaccines shingles vaccine mitigate pathology. Developing effective treatments requires standardized methods identify measure patients, enabling personalized address individual contributions pathogenesis. Further needed clarify interactions between microbes Aβ, explore bacterial interplay, understand their broader effects translate these insights into clinical interventions.

Language: Английский

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Roles of oral microbiota and oral-gut microbial transmission in hypertension

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 147 - 161

Published: March 20, 2022

Considerable evidence has linked periodontitis (PD) to hypertension (HTN), but the nature behind this connection is unclear. Dysbiosis of oral microbiota leading PD known aggravate different systematic diseases, alteration in HTN and their impacts on blood pressure (BP) remains be discovered.To characterize alterations gut roles HTN.We performed a cross-sectional (95 participants 39 controls) 6-month follow-up study (52 26 analyze HTN. Saliva, subgingival plaques, feces were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing or metagenomic analysis. C57BL/6J mice pretreated with antibiotics deplete microbiota, then transplanted human saliva by gavage test abnormal oral-gut microbial transmission HTN.BP was higher than no both cohort. Relative abundances 14 salivary genera, 15 genera 10 significantly altered those 7 12 6 correlated BP. Sixteen species under 5 identified as transmitters, illustrating presence Veillonella frequent transmitter stably enriched cohorts. Saliva from increased BP hypertensive mice. Human saliva-derived successfully colonized mouse gut, more abundantly condition.PD are strongly associated HTN, likely through microbes. Ectopic colonization may Therefore, precise manipulations and/or useful strategies better prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Oral Microbiota, Its Equilibrium and Implications in the Pathophysiology of Human Diseases: A Systematic Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1803 - 1803

Published: July 27, 2022

Imbalances of the oral microbiota and dysbiosis have traditionally been linked to occurrence teeth diseases. However, recent findings indicate that this exerts relevant influence in systemic health. Dysbiosis is implicated apparition progression cardiovascular, neurodegenerative other major human In fact, are second most diverse largely populated body its relationships with health, although widely explored, they still lack proper integration. The purpose systematic review thus examine implications oral, cardiovascular diseases offer integrative up-to-date interpretations. To achieve aim, we identified a total 121 studies curated PUBMED from time interval January 2003–April 2022, which after careful screening resulted 79 included. reviewed scientific literature provides plausible vias implication dysbiotic diseases, encourages further research continue elucidating highly poorly understood niche PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022299692. This follows PRISMA guidelines.

Language: Английский

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Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 833 - 845

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to development neurodegenerative diseases via microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped reveal bidirectional communication between central nervous system enteric is facilitated by microbiota's diverse microorganisms, for both neuroimmune neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize bioinformatics analysis wet-biology validation metagenomics with an emphasis on multi-omics studies virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers identifying brain disorders potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, discuss role diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics exercise interventions remodeling microbiome reducing symptoms diseases.

Language: Английский

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Personalizing Nutrition Strategies: Bridging Research and Public Health

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 305 - 305

Published: March 13, 2024

In recent years, although life expectancy has increased significantly, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) continue to pose a significant threat the health of global population. Therefore, eating habits have been recognized as key modifiable factors that influence people’s and well-being. For this reason, it is interesting study dietary patterns, since human diet complex mixture macronutrients, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, can modulate multiple physiological processes, including immune function, metabolism, inflammation. To ensure data we acquired were current relevant, searched primary secondary sources, scientific journals, bibliographic indexes, databases in last 15 years with most relevant articles. After search, observed all research on NCDs suggests critical factor shaping an individual’s outcomes. Thus, cardiovascular, metabolic, mental, dental, visual depends largely intake, nutritional behaviors. A high processed refined foods, added sugars, saturated fats increase risk developing chronic diseases. On other hand, rich whole, nutrient-dense such vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, adherence Mediterranean improve health’s people.

Language: Английский

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Influence of human gut microbiome on the healthy and the neurodegenerative aging

Experimental Gerontology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 112497 - 112497

Published: June 27, 2024

The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health throughout the lifespan by influencing brain function during aging. microbial diversity of human decreases aging process and, as consequence, several mechanisms increase, such oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, and dysbiosis. Moreover, evidence indicates that neurodegeneration are closely related; consequently, may serve novel marker elderly. In this narrative study, we investigated how changes composition occur influence to various neuropathological disorders, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD); which possible govern relationship between impairment. addition, studies suggest be potential target improve hallmarks promote healthy cognition; therefore, current future therapeutic interventions have been also reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Role of the microbiome in oral cancer occurrence, progression and therapy

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 169, P. 105638 - 105638

Published: June 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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