Physical activity induced alterations of gut microbiota in humans: a systematic review

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 7, 2022

Abstract Background Gut microbiota is considered to have a great impact on human health and disease. While it widely recognized that the gut of healthy individuals differs from those with obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, other chronic diseases, alterations physical activity are not fully understood. Accordingly, we performed this systematic review address question regarding effects mild intense exercise in humans. Methods The comparative analyses were conducted following PRISMA protocol determine differences active vs. non-active (phenotypes) ( n = 11), including influence intervention 13); athletes non-athletes 8); status at different stages athletic performance or 7), various activities, sport disciplines, duration. Literature searches completed using four databases: PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, EBSCO, 2090 articles retrieved by appropriate keywords. low heterogeneity studies hasn’t allowed us prepare meta-analysis. After excluding 2052 articles, ultimately selected 38 met eligibility criteria for review. Results data revealed rising markedly influenced relative abundance short-chain fatty acid (SCFA). Aerobic training lasted 60 min, characterized 60% HRmax more also beta diversity indexes. results showed harbor diverse type intestinal microflora than non-athletes, but relatively reduced SCFA- lactic acid-producing bacteria, thereby suggesting an adverse effect population microbiota. Conclusion It concluded level modulates gastrointestinal For long period, increasing intensity volume may lead dysbiosis. Perhaps, proper supplementation should be keep large biodiversity richness, especially under unfavorable conditions associated exercise. Trial registration Prospero CRD42021264064.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal barrier permeability: the influence of gut microbiota, nutrition, and exercise

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 8, 2024

The intestinal wall is a selectively permeable barrier between the content of lumen and internal environment body. Disturbances permeability can potentially lead to unwanted activation enteric immune system due excessive contact with gut microbiota its components, development endotoxemia, when level bacterial lipopolysaccharides increases in blood, causing chronic low-intensity inflammation. In this review, following aspects are covered: structure barrier; influence on via regulation functioning tight junction proteins, synthesis/degradation mucus antioxidant effects; molecular mechanisms pro-inflammatory response caused by invasion through TLR4-induced TIRAP/MyD88 TRAM/TRIF signaling cascades; nutrition permeability, exercise an emphasis exercise-induced heat stress hypoxia. Overall, review provides some insight into how prevent associated inflammatory processes involved many if not most pathologies. Some diets physical supposed be non-pharmacological approaches maintain integrity function provide efficient operation. However, at early age, increased has hormetic effect contributes system.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Intensity and Duration of Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Humans: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(15), P. 9518 - 9518

Published: Aug. 3, 2022

(1) Background: The gut microbiota might play a part in affecting athletic performance and is of considerable importance to athletes. aim this study was search the recent knowledge protagonist played by high-intensity high-duration aerobic exercise on composition athletes how these effects could provide disadvantages sports performance. (2) Methods: This systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. An exhaustive bibliographic Web Science, PubMed, Scopus conducted considering articles published last 5 years. selected were categorized according type study. risk bias assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. (3) Results: Thirteen studies had negative intestinal such as an upsurge I-FABP, distress, changes microbiota, increase Prevotella, permeability zonulin. In contrast, seven observed positive endurance exercise, including level bacteria increased microbial diversity metabolites. (4) Conclusions: A large found reported adverse when performing exercises. carried out athletes, more than those non-athletic subjects.

Language: Английский

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The leaky gut and the gut microbiome in sepsis – targets in research and treatment

Clinical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 137(8), P. 645 - 662

Published: April 1, 2023

Abstract Both a leaky gut (a barrier defect of the intestinal surface) and dysbiosis change in microbial population) are intrinsic to sepsis. While sepsis itself can cause dysbiosis, worsen The syndrome refers status with which there is an increased permeability allowing translocation molecules from into blood circulation. It not just symptom gastrointestinal involvement, but also underlying that develops independently, its presence could be recognized by detection, blood, lipopolysaccharides (1→3)-β-D-glucan (major components microbiota). Gut-dysbiosis consequence reduction some bacterial species microbiome, as mucosal immunity defect, caused hypoperfusion, immune cell apoptosis, variety enteric neuro-humoral-immunity responses. A bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids barriers, leading pathogen molecules, circulation where it causes systemic inflammation. Even fungi might human patients sepsis, even though this has been consistently observed murine models probably because longer duration antibiotic use patients. virobiome partly consists bacteriophages detectable contents different between normal hosts. These alterations altogether interesting target for adjuvant therapies, e.g., faecal transplantation or probiotic therapy. Here, current information on along potential biomarkers, new treatment strategies, future research topics mentioned.

Language: Английский

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Epithelial barrier theory in the context of nutrition and environmental exposure in athletes

Allergy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(11), P. 2912 - 2923

Published: July 16, 2024

Exposure to toxic substances, introduced into our daily lives during industrialization and modernization, can disrupt the epithelial barriers in skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal systems, leading microbial dysbiosis inflammation. Athletes physically active individuals are at increased risk of exposure agents that damage microbiome, their extreme physical exercise exerts stress on many organs, resulting tissue Epithelial barrier-damaging substances include surfactants enzymes cleaning products, laundry dishwasher detergents, chlorine swimming pools, microplastics, air pollutants such as ozone, particulate matter, diesel exhaust. Athletes' high-calorie diet often relies processed foods may contain food emulsifiers other additives cause barrier dysfunction dysbiosis. The type material used sport equipment clothing extensive increase inflammatory effects. Excessive travel-related stress, sleep disturbances different microbe represent additional factors. Here, we review detrimental impact microbiome; bring a new perspective factors affecting health performance athletes individuals.

Language: Английский

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Oral Administration of Probiotics Reduces Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhea and Oral Mucositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Chemotherapy generally causes serious diarrhea and oral mucositis in cancer patients, subsequently affects treatment. Oral administration of probiotics provides a therapeutic choice to address these limitations. This study aims conduct systematic review meta-analysis on the efficacy probiotic use management chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions, summarize mechanisms underlying action. We searched PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web Science from start its completion Dec. 31, 2021. Risk bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration's Tool. Statistical analysis acquired data performed via RevMan Stata Software. The protocol registered International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020220650). Twelve randomized controlled trials including 1,013 patients were recruited analyzed standard procedure meta-analysis. In contrast control group, orally taking significantly decreased risk (≥ 1 grade) (RR = 0.70; 95% Cl: 0.56, 0.88; P 0.002) (RR: 0.84; 0.78, 0.91; < 0.00001) at all grades. Further found that severe 2 grades) 0.50; 0.32, 0.78; also declined 3 0.66; 0.55, 0.79; after use. Interestingly, beneficial effects displayed statistically significant only Asian patients. Importantly, more species bacteria they took, lower incidences reactions occurred. used Egger's test value confirm there is no publication bias. demonstrated administrated has potential decrease incidences. However, against needs be further verified through clinical trials, number have optimized standardized prior applications. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier: 220650.

Language: Английский

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Examining the Interaction between Exercise, Gut Microbiota, and Neurodegeneration: Future Research Directions

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 2267 - 2267

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Physical activity has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on gut microbial diversity and function. Emerging research revealed certain aspects of the complex interactions between gut, exercise, microbiota, neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that changes in metabolic function may an onset progression neurological conditions. This study aimed review current literature from several databases until 1 June 2023 (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web Science, Google Scholar) interplay physical neurodegeneration. We summarized roles exercise microbiota neurodegeneration identified ways which these are all connected. The gut–brain axis is multifaceted network gained considerable attention recent years. Research indicates plays vital shifts during physiological or pathophysiological conditions diseases; therefore, they closely related maintaining overall health well-being. Similarly, shown positive effects brain cognitive function, reduce/delay severe disorders. Exercise associated with various neurochemical changes, including alterations cortisol levels, increased production endorphins, endocannabinoids like anandamide, as well higher levels serotonin dopamine. These linked mood improvements, enhanced sleep quality, better motor control, enhancements resulting exercise-induced effects. However, further clinical necessary evaluate bacteria taxa along age- sex-based differences.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal permeability marker zonulin as a predictor of sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 189, P. 106662 - 106662

Published: Oct. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Alterations to the gut microbiome after sport-related concussion in a collegiate football players cohort: A pilot study

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21, P. 100438 - 100438

Published: March 2, 2022

Concussions, both single and repetitive, cause brain body alterations in athletes during contact sports. The role of the brain-gut connection changes microbiota have not been well established after sports-related concussions or repetitive subconcussive impacts. We recruited 33 Division I Collegiate football players collected blood, stool, saliva samples at three time points throughout athletic season: mid-season, following last competitive game (post-season), a resting period off-season. Additional were from four that suffered concussion. 16S rRNA sequencing gut microbiome revealed decrease abundance for two bacterial species, Eubacterium rectale, Anaerostipes hadrus, diagnosed No significant differences found regarding salivary microbiome. Serum biomarker analysis shows an increase GFAP blood levels season. Additionally, S100β SAA positively correlated with rectale species among group did suffer concussion sports These findings provide initial evidence detecting may help to improve diagnosis head injury.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and diabetic kidney diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives

World Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 308 - 318

Published: April 13, 2022

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major chronic complications diabetes mellitus (DM), as well a main cause end-stage renal disease. Over last few years, substantial research studies have revealed contributory role gut microbiota in process DM and DKD. Metabolites like lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide are key mediators microbial-host crosstalk. However, underlying mechanisms how influences onset progression DKD relatively unknown. Besides, strategies to remodel composition or reduce metabolites been found recently, representing new potential remedial target for In this mini-review, we will address possible contribution pathogenesis its therapeutic target.

Language: Английский

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