Socioeconomic status and the brain: mechanistic insights from human and animal research

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 651 - 659

Published: Aug. 20, 2010

Language: Английский

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Extraordinary neoteny of synaptic spines in the human prefrontal cortex

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 108(32), P. 13281 - 13286

Published: July 25, 2011

Gene expression variation is shaped by both genetic and environmental effects, yet these two factors are rarely considered together in the context of adaptive evolution. We studied influences on gene regulatory evolution ...Changes thought to play a major role While it known that highly sensitive environment, very few studies have determined influence effects ...

Language: Английский

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Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 47, P. 578 - 591

Published: Oct. 25, 2014

Language: Английский

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To What Extent and Under Which Circumstances Are Growth Mind-Sets Important to Academic Achievement? Two Meta-Analyses

Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 549 - 571

Published: March 5, 2018

Mind-sets (aka implicit theories) are beliefs about the nature of human attributes (e.g., intelligence). The theory holds that individuals with growth mind-sets (beliefs malleable effort) enjoy many positive outcomes—including higher academic achievement—while their peers who have fixed experience negative outcomes. Given this relationship, interventions designed to increase students’ mind-sets—thereby increasing achievement—have been implemented in schools around world. In our first meta-analysis ( k = 273, N 365,915), we examined strength relationship between mind-set and achievement potential moderating factors. second 43, 57,155), effectiveness on Overall effects were weak for both meta-analyses. However, some results supported specific tenets theory, namely, students low socioeconomic status or academically at risk might benefit from interventions.

Language: Английский

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Socioeconomic status and executive function: developmental trajectories and mediation

Developmental Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 686 - 702

Published: Feb. 9, 2015

Abstract Childhood socioeconomic status ( SES ) predicts executive function EF ), but fundamental aspects of this relation remain unknown: the developmental course disparity, its continued sensitivity to changes during that course, and features childhood experience responsible for – relation. Regarding early disparities would be expected grow development if caused by accumulating stressors at a given constant level . Alternatively, they narrow schooling partly compensates effects earlier deprivation, allowing lower‐ children ‘catch up’. The potential later change affect is also unknown. mediating factors, previous analyses produced mixed answers, possibly due correlation amongst candidate mediators. We address these issues with measures , working memory planning, along multiple mediators, from NICHD Study Early Childcare n = 1009). family income‐to‐needs maternal education predicted planning first grade, performance 54 months. Effects remained consistent through middle childhood, indicating between indicators emerges in persists without narrowing or widening across childhood. Changes were associated significant trend‐level memory. Mediation supported role home characteristics explaining association while was specifically implicated planning. emerging persistent ‐related differences partially explained environment, are thus source achievement health development.

Language: Английский

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The Neuroscience of Socioeconomic Status: Correlates, Causes, and Consequences

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 96(1), P. 56 - 71

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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State of the Art Review: Poverty and the Developing Brain

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 137(4)

Published: March 7, 2016

In the United States, >40% of children are either poor or near-poor. As a group, in poverty more likely to experience worse health and developmental delay, lower achievement, behavioral emotional problems than their advantaged peers; however, there is broad variability outcomes among exposed similar conditions. Building on robust literature from animal models showing that environmental deprivation enrichment shapes brain, has been increasing interest understanding how may shape brain humans. this review, we summarize research relationship between socioeconomic status development, focusing studies published last 5 years. Drawing conceptual framework informed by models, highlight neural plasticity, epigenetics, material (eg, cognitive stimulation, nutrient deficiencies), stress negative parenting behaviors), toxins as factors developing brain. We then existing evidence for child structure function, areas support memory, emotion regulation, higher-order functioning (ie, hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex) regions language literacy cortical left hemisphere). consider some limitations current discuss implications neuroscience concepts methods interventions pediatric medical home.

Language: Английский

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Intergenerational transmission of self-regulation: A multidisciplinary review and integrative conceptual framework.

Psychological Bulletin, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 141(3), P. 602 - 654

Published: May 1, 2015

This review examines mechanisms contributing to the intergenerational transmission of self-regulation. To provide an integrated account how self-regulation is transmitted across generations, we draw from over 75 years accumulated evidence, spanning case studies experimental approaches, in literatures covering developmental, social, and clinical psychology, criminology, physiology, genetics, human animal neuroscience (among others). First, present a taxonomy what then examine it develops--overviews that guide main foci review. Next, supporting association between parent child are reviewed. Subsequently, literature considers potential social transmission, specifically parenting behavior, interparental (i.e., marital) relationship behaviors, broader rearing influences (e.g., household chaos) considered. Finally, evidence prenatal programming may be starting point covered, along with key findings behavioral molecular genetics literatures. integrate these literatures, introduce model, framework brings together prenatal, social/contextual, neurobiological (spanning endocrine, neural, genetic levels, including gene-environment interplay epigenetic processes) explain model also incorporates transactional processes generations children's parent-child interaction dynamics affect parents' self-regulation) further influence processes. In pointing way forward, note future directions ways address limitations existing work throughout closing. We conclude by noting several implications for intervention work.

Language: Английский

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Best Practices in Conceptualizing and Measuring Social Class in Psychological Research

Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 77 - 113

Published: Dec. 26, 2012

An extensive body of research has documented the relation between social class, as indexed by socioeconomic status (SES) and subjective (SSS), a host outcomes, including physical mental health, academic achievement, educational attainment. Yet, there remains ambiguity regarding how best to conceptualize measure class. This article clarifies definitional measurement issues related assessment SES SSS, addresses their importance relevance for psychological research, reviews practices with regard assessment. We conclude discussing integration class other markers position promote advancement science.

Language: Английский

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The Matthew effect in empirical data

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 11(98)

Published: July 2, 2014

The Matthew effect describes the phenomenon that in societies rich tend to get richer and potent even more powerful. It is closely related concept of preferential attachment network science, where connected nodes are destined acquire many links future than auxiliary nodes. Cumulative advantage success-breads-success also both describe fact tends beget further advantage. behind power laws scaling behaviour empirical data, it at heart self-organization across social natural sciences. Here we review methodology for measuring as well observations patterns scientific collaboration, socio-technical biological networks, propagation citations, emergence progress impact, career longevity, evolution common English words phrases, education brain development. We discuss whether due chance or optimisation, example homophily systems efficacy technological systems, outline possible directions research.

Language: Английский

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