Journal of Diabetes,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(5), P. 382 - 396
Published: March 2, 2023
Abstract
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
one
of
the
most
prevalent
retinal
disorders
worldwide,
and
it
a
major
cause
vision
impairment
in
individuals
productive
age.
Research
has
demonstrated
significance
autophagy
DR,
which
critical
intracellular
homeostasis
mechanism
required
for
destruction
recovery
cytoplasmic
components.
Autophagy
maintains
physiological
function
senescent
impaired
organelles
under
stress
situations,
thereby
regulating
cell
fate
via
various
signals.
As
retina's
functional
fundamental
unit,
neurovascular
unit
(NVU)
keeping
environment's
stability
supporting
needs
metabolism.
However,
essential
normal
NVU
structure
function.
We
discuss
strong
association
between
DR
this
review,
as
well
many
kinds
its
crucial
activities
retina.
By
evaluating
pathological
changes
latest
advancements
molecular
mechanisms
that
may
be
involved
pathophysiology
NVU,
we
seek
to
propose
new
ideas
methods
prevention
treatment
DR.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: June 19, 2023
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
one
of
the
common
diabetic
microvascular
complications
that
occurs
in
eyes
and
closely
associated
with
vision
loss
working
adults.
However,
clinical
treatment
DR
limited
or
accompanied
by
a
large
number
complications.
Therefore,
development
new
drugs
for
urgently
needed.
Traditional
Chinese
medicine
(TCM)
widely
used
to
treat
China,
its
multi-pathway
multi-level
characteristics
can
effectively
address
complex
pathogenesis
DR.
Growing
evidence
suggests
inflammation,
angiogenesis,
oxidative
stress
are
core
pathological
mechanisms
This
study
innovatively
considers
aforementioned
processes
as
fundamental
unit
sheds
light
on
molecular
potential
TCM
against
terms
signaling
pathways.
The
results
showed
NF-κB,
MAPK/NF-κB,
TLR4/NF-κB,
VEGF/VEGFR2,
HIF-1α/VEGF,
STAT3,
Nrf2/HO-1
key
pathways
TCMs,
which
involved
curcumolide,
erianin,
quercetin,
blueberry
anthocyanins,
puerarin,
arjunolic
acid,
ethanol
extract
Scutellaria
barbata
D.
Don,
Celosia
argentea
L.
extract,
Dendrobium
chrysotoxum
Lindl.,
Shengpuhuang-tang,
LuoTong
formula.
purpose
this
review
update
summarize
provide
ideas
future.
Frontiers in Genetics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Aug. 22, 2024
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
a
major
complication
of
diabetes
worldwide,
significantly
causing
vision
loss
and
blindness
in
working-age
adults,
imposing
substantial
socioeconomic
burden
globally.
This
review
examines
the
crucial
role
genetic
factors
development
DR
highlights
shift
toward
personalized
treatment
approaches.
Advances
research
have
identified
specific
genes
variations
involved
angiogenesis,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress
that
increase
susceptibility.
Understanding
these
markers
enables
early
identification
at-risk
individuals
creation
plans.
Incorporating
insights,
healthcare
providers
can
develop
intervention
strategies
tailored
plans
to
improve
patient
outcomes
minimize
side
effects.
emphasizes
transformative
potential
integrating
information
into
clinical
practice,
marking
paradigm
management
advancing
more
effective
model.
Annals of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(5), P. 197 - 197
Published: March 1, 2023
To
determine
the
anti-inflammatory
effects
of
IMD-0354,
a
specific
NF-κB
blocker,
on
glial
cells
in
rats
with
streptozotocin
(STZ)-induced
diabetic
retinopathy
(DR).The
following
four
groups
were
used:
control,
control
+
STZ,
and
STZ
IMD-0354.
After
six
weeks
injection,
nondiabetic
received
IMD-0354
(30
mg/kg)
or
an
equal
volume
4%
dimethyl
sulfoxide
(DMSO)
phosphate-buffered
saline
intraperitoneally
for
consecutive
weeks.
The
primary
rat
retinal
microglia
Müller
(5
mM),
high
glucose
(20
nuclear
factor-κB
(NF-κB)
activation,
oxidative
stress
strength,
expression
inflammatory
cytokines
VEGF
(vascular
endothelial
growth
factor),
activation
cells,
apoptosis
neuron
evaluated
by
immunohistochemistry,
assays,
western
blot,
enzyme
linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA)
terminal
deoxynucleotidyl
transferase
dUTP
nick
end
labeling
(TUNEL)
staining
respectively.Nuclear
translocation
was
markedly
increased
retina
treated
cells.
Systemic
administration
significantly
inhibited
both
ameliorated
injury,
responses,
production
cell
protected
neurons
from
apoptosis.Our
findings
indicated
that
is
acritical
step
abnormal
reactivity
STZ-induced
rats.
Inhibition
effect
may
represent
promising
therapeutic
strategy
DR
via
variety
mechanisms,
including
inflammation
reduction
regulation.
Journal of Anatomy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
243(4), P. 697 - 705
Published: May 24, 2023
The
aim
of
this
study
is
to
correlate
small
dot
hyper-reflective
foci
(HRF)
observed
in
spectral
domain
optical
coherence
tomography
(SD-OCT)
scans
an
animal
model
hyperglycaemia
with
focal
electroretinography
(fERG)
response
and
immunolabelling
retinal
markers.
eyes
showing
signs
diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
were
imaged
using
SD-OCT.
Areas
HRF
further
evaluated
fERG.
Retinal
areas
enclosing
the
dissected
serially
sectioned,
stained
labelled
for
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP)
a
microglial
marker
(Iba-1).
Small
frequently
seen
OCT
all
quadrants
inner
nuclear
layer
or
outer
DR
rat
model.
function
adjacent
was
reduced
compared
normal
control
rats.
Microglial
activation
detected
by
Iba-1
labelling
stress
identified
GFAP
expression
Müller
cells
discrete
around
HRF.
images
retina
are
associated
local
response.
This
provides
first
evidence
correlating
activation,
which
may
allow
clinicians
better
evaluate
microglia-mediated
inflammatory
component
progressive
diseases
International Ophthalmology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
44(1)
Published: Feb. 13, 2024
Abstract
Purpose
Ochratoxin
A
(OTA)
contamination
of
food
and
feed
is
a
serious
problem
worldwide.
OTA
considered
carcinogen
immunotoxic,
nephrotoxic,
neurotoxic
mycotoxin.
The
present
study
aims
to
determine
the
toxic
effects
on
retinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs)
assess
resulting
impairment
function
in
mice.
Methods
RGC-5
were
exposed
(100
200
μg/L)
for
3
days,
mice
fed
OTA-contain
μg/kg)
diets
4
weeks.
Antioxidant
indices
detected
by
spectrophotometer.
apoptosis
was
determined
flow
cytometry.
Mitochondrial
morphology
mitochondrial
membrane
potential
immunofluorescence.
RGC
survival
immunofluorescence
staining
with
Brn3a.
Flash
electroretinography
(ERG)
conducted
visual
function.
Results
oxidative-antioxidant
balance
suggested
that
OTA-induced
severe
oxidative
stress,
including
increased
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
malondialdehyde
(MDA)
levels
OTA-exposed
cells,
reduced
activity
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD)
glutathione-S-transferase
(GST)
group.
Furthermore,
exposure
led
remarkable
cells.
detection
showed
caused
significant
reduction
fragmentation,
which
may
be
cause
Additionally,
vivo
experiments
demonstrated
resulted
death
RGCs
subsequent
dysfunction
Conclusion
induces
dysfunction,
Abstract
Objective
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
assess
the
association
neutrophil
lymphocyte
ratio
(NLR),
monocyte
(MLR),
and
system
inflammation
response
index
(SIRI)
with
all-cause
mortality
diabetes-cardiovascular
in
participants
diabetic
retinopathy
(DR).
Methods
A
total
572
DR
from
NHANES
were
included,
divided
into
survival
group
(
n
=
440)
death
132).
NLR
count/lymphocyte
count,
MLR
SIRI
(neutrophil
count
×
count)/lymphocyte
count.
We
utilized
Public-Use
Linked
Mortality
File
through
April
26,
2022,
determine
status.
Diabetes-cardiovascular
defined
as
resulting
heart
disease,
cerebrovascular
or
diabetes
mellitus.
Spearson
Correlation
Analysis,
Kaplan-Meier
curves,
Cox
proportional
hazards
regression
models,
Restricted
cubic
spline
plots
Decision
Curve
Analysis
used.
Results
significantly
higher
≥
1.516,
0.309,
0.756,
+
subgroups
than
<
0.756
subgroups,
other
except
(all
P
0.05).
HR
NLR,
MLR,
SIRI,
for
1.979(1.13–3.468),
1.850(1.279–2.676),
1.821(1.096–3.025),
1.871(1.296–2.703),
respectively.
hazard
2.602(1.028–6.591),
2.673(1.483–4.818),
2.001(0.898–4.459),
2.554(1.426–4.575),
In
restricted
plots,
relationship
between
overall
“J”
shaped.
both
age
60
>
years
participants,
Conclusion
may
be
three
independent
prognostic
predictors
among
individuals
DR.
practical
clinical
applications,
combining
enhance
prediction
