RONS and Oxidative Stress: An Overview of Basic Concepts

Oxygen, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 437 - 478

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Oxidative stress (OS) has greatly interested the research community in understanding damaging processes occurring cells. OS is triggered by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their elimination antioxidant system; however, ROS function as second messengers under physiological conditions. are produced from endogenous exogenous sources. Endogenous sources involve mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH), oxidases (NOXs), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), xanthine (XO), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOs), others. In contrast, might be generated through ultraviolet (UV) light, ionizing radiation (IR), contaminants, heavy metals, among It can damage DNA, lipids, proteins if not controlled. To avoid oxidative damage, systems activated. present review, we focus on basic concepts of OS, highlighting nitrogen (RONS) derived internal external last elimination. Moreover, include cellular system regulation ability to decrease OS. External antioxidants also proposed alternatives ameliorate Finally, review diseases involving mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanisms of Iron and Heme Metabolism

Annual Review of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 311 - 335

Published: May 4, 2022

An abundant metal in the human body, iron is essential for key biological pathways including oxygen transport, DNA metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Most bound to heme but it can also be incorporated into iron-sulfur clusters or bind directly proteins. Iron's capacity cycle between Fe2+ Fe3+ contributes its utility renders toxic excess. Heme an iron-containing tetrapyrrole diverse functions gas transport sensing, oxidative xenobiotic detoxification. Like iron, yet As such, both homeostasis are tightly regulated. Here we discuss molecular physiologic aspects of metabolism. We focus on dietary absorption; cellular import; utilization; export, recycling, elimination, emphasizing studies published recent years. end with a discussion current challenges needs field biology.

Language: Английский

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Heme Oxygenase-1: An Anti-Inflammatory Effector in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Related Metabolic Disorders

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 555 - 555

Published: March 15, 2022

The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system catabolizes to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), which is reduced bilirubin-IXα (BR) by biliverdin reductase (BVR). HO activity represented two distinct isozymes, the inducible form, HO-1, a constitutive HO-2, encoded genes (HMOX1, HMOX2, respectively). HO-1 responds transcriptional activation in response wide variety of chemical physical stimuli, including its natural substrate heme, oxidants, phytochemical antioxidants. expression regulated NF-E2-related factor-2 counter-regulated Bach-1, heme-sensitive manner. Additionally, HMOX1 promoter polymorphisms have been associated with human disease. induction can confer protection inflammatory conditions through removal pro-oxidant potential catalyst lipid peroxidation, whereas iron released from may trigger ferritin synthesis or ferroptosis. production heme-derived reaction products (i.e., BV, BR) contribute HO-dependent cytoprotection via antioxidant immunomodulatory effects. BVR BR newly recognized roles regulation. CO alter mitochondrial function leading modulation downstream signaling pathways that culminate anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative This review will present evidence for beneficial effects diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic conditions, diabetes obesity, as well acute chronic diseases liver, kidney, lung. Strategies targeting pathway, genetic expression, application BR, gas, donor compounds show therapeutic organ ischemia/reperfusion injury. Evidence studies indicate represent biomarker oxidative stress various clinical while increases serum levels correlated inversely risk CVD Ongoing trials investigate

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Peptides from Skipjack Tuna Cardiac Arterial Bulbs (II): Protective Function on UVB-Irradiated HaCaT Cells through Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 105 - 105

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective function and mechanism TCP3 (PKK), TCP6 (YEGGD) TCP9 (GPGLM) from skipjack tuna cardiac arterial bulbs on skin photoaging using UVB-irradiated HaCaT cell model. present results indicated that had significant cytoprotective effect cells (p < 0.001). Hoechst 33342 staining showed apoptosis UV-irradiated could be significantly reduced by treatment (GPGLM); JC-1 protect restoring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); Furthermore, down-regulate ratio Bax/Bcl-2 reduce expression level apoptosis-executing protein Caspase-3 decreasing Caspase-8 Caspase-9 0.05). action up-regulate levels Nrf2, NQO1 HO-1 0.05), which further increased activity downstream proteases (SOD, CAT GSH-Px), scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, molecular docking (PKK) competitively inhibit Nrf2 binding site because they can occupy connection Kelch domain Keap1 protein. inferred non-competitive inhibition it not bind active summary, antioxidant peptides effectively damage used in development healthy cosmetic products treat diseases caused UV radiation.

Language: Английский

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Natural Products as Modulators of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Neuroprotection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3748 - 3748

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect the West due to increase in life expectancy. Nervous cells accumulate oxidative damage, which is one of factors that triggers and accelerates neurodegeneration. However, have mechanisms scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) alleviate stress (OS). Many these endogenous antioxidant systems are regulated at gene expression level by transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear erythroid 2-related 2). In presence prooxidant conditions, translocates nucleus induces genes containing ARE (antioxidant response element). recent years, there has been an study pathway natural products positively regulate it reduce damage nervous system, both vitro models with neurons microglia subjected vivo using mainly murine models. Quercetin, curcumin, anthocyanins, tea polyphenols, other less studied phenolic compounds such as kaempferol, hesperetin, icariin can also modulate regulating several upstream activators. Another group phytochemical upregulate this terpenoids, including monoterpenes (aucubin, catapol), diterpenes (ginkgolides), triterpenes (ginsenosides), carotenoids (astaxanthin, lycopene). This review aims update knowledge on influence secondary metabolites health interest activation their potential treatments for NDs.

Language: Английский

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Iron homeostasis imbalance and ferroptosis in brain diseases

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(4)

Published: June 26, 2023

Brain iron homeostasis is maintained through the normal function of blood-brain barrier and regulation at systemic cellular levels, which fundamental to brain function. Excess can catalyze generation free radicals Fenton reactions due its dual redox state, thus causing oxidative stress. Numerous evidence has indicated diseases, especially stroke neurodegenerative are closely related mechanism imbalance in brain. For one thing, diseases promote accumulation. another, accumulation amplifies damage nervous system exacerbates patients' outcomes. In addition, triggers ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent type programmed cell death, neurodegeneration received wide attention recent years. this context, we outline metabolism focus on current stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. Meanwhile, also discuss ferroptosis simultaneously enumerate drugs for chelators inhibitors.

Language: Английский

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Roles of reactive oxygen species in inflammation and cancer

MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a spectrum of oxygenic metabolites crucial in modulating pathological organism functions. Disruptions ROS equilibrium span various diseases, and current insights suggest dual role for tumorigenesis the immune response within cancer. This review rigorously examines production its normal cells, elucidating subsequent regulatory network inflammation Comprehensive synthesis details documented impacts on diverse cells. Exploring intricate relationship between cancer immunity, we highlight influence existing immunotherapies, including checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptors, vaccines. Additionally, underscore promising prospects utilizing targeting modulators as novel immunotherapeutic interventions discusses complex interplay ROS, inflammation, tumorigenesis, emphasizing multifaceted functions both physiological conditions. It also underscores potential implications immunotherapy suggests future research directions, development targeted therapies precision oncology approaches. In summary, this emphasizes significance understanding ROS‐mediated mechanisms advancing therapy developing personalized treatments.

Language: Английский

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Applications of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond glycaemic control

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 513 - 529

Published: April 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Copper Homeostasis in Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Crosstalk with Ferroptosis

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 202, P. 107139 - 107139

Published: March 12, 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a global public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Renal fibrosis can lead to end-stage renal (ESRD). However, there is still no effective treatment prevent or delay the progression of CKD into ESRD. Therefore, exploring pathogenesis essential for preventing treating CKD. There are variety trace elements in human body that interact each other within complex regulatory network. Iron copper both vital body. They critical maintaining bodily functions, dysregulation their metabolism cause many diseases, including disease. Ferroptosis new form cell death characterized by iron accumulation lipid peroxidation. Studies have shown ferroptosis closely related role abnormal its relationship remains unclear. Here, our current knowledge regarding metabolism, mechanism, diseases summarized. In addition, we discuss between explore possible provide potential therapeutic target

Language: Английский

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Selenium Mitigates Caerulein and LPS-induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Inhibiting MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3 Signaling via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

Biological Trace Element Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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