Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Biological System with Clinical Implications

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(15), P. 2345 - 2345

Published: July 30, 2022

The consumption of human milk by a breastfeeding infant is associated with positive health outcomes, including lower risk diarrheal disease, respiratory otitis media, and in later life, less chronic disease. These benefits may be mediated antibodies, glycoproteins, glycolipids, oligosaccharides, leukocytes. More recently, extracellular vesicles (hMEVs) have been identified. HMEVs contain functional cargos, i.e., miRNAs proteins, that transmit information from the mother to promote growth development. Maternal conditions can influence hMEV composition. This review summarizes biogenesis contents, reviews evidence hMEVs maternal–infant relationship, discusses challenges opportunities research.

Language: Английский

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Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides and their application in new drug research

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 249, P. 115164 - 115164

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Infants

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 100218 - 100218

Published: April 5, 2024

In infants worldwide, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower infections, including bronchiolitis, which a major source infant mortality. Bronchiolitis most common infection and hospitalization in first 6 mo life. Infant responses to RSV are highly diverse, with symptoms varying from asymptomatic or mild so severe as require mechanical ventilation. Breastfed present incidence less forms infections. Among multitude human milk bioactive compounds, oligosaccharides (hMOSs) strong candidates for having protective effect against RSV. hMOS reduces viral load inflammatory signaling cultured RSV-infected cells. addition this direct effect, indirect mechanisms, notably gut microbiota composition metabolism, have been proposed mediate hMOS. Intake formula containing synthetic has shown increase Bifidobacterium abundance that its metabolites, especially acetate, feces reduce tract infections during year Breastfeeding use promising approaches protect treat disease. Here, we review current evidence on role regard disease, attending knowledge gaps future research directions.

Language: Английский

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Recent progress on health effects and biosynthesis of two key sialylated human milk oligosaccharides, 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 108058 - 108058

Published: Nov. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Role of milk glycome in prevention, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Milk contains all essential macro and micro-nutrients for the development of newborn. Its high therapeutic antimicrobial content provides an important function prevention, treatment, recovery certain diseases throughout life. The bioactive components found in milk are mostly decorated with glycans, which provide proper formation modulate biological functions glycosylated compounds. glycome consists free glycolipids, N- O- proteins. Recent studies have shown that both glycans glycan-containing molecules antiviral characteristics based on different mechanisms such as signaling, microbiome modulation, natural decoy strategy, immunomodulatory action. In this review, we discuss recent clinical potential conjugated glycans' role COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Critical Review on Structure, Preparation, Their Potential as a Food Bioactive Component, and Future Perspectives

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(43), P. 15908 - 15925

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Human milk is the gold standard for infant feeding. oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a unique group of in human milk. Great interest HMOs has grown recent years due to their positive effects on various aspects health. provide physiologic functions, including establishing balanced infant's gut microbiota, strengthening gastrointestinal barrier, preventing infections, and potential support immune system. However, clinical application challenging specificity difficulties high costs associated with isolation synthesis. Here, differences other mammalian compared, synthetic strategies access summarized. Additionally, use molecular mechanisms as new food bioactive component different diseases, such infection, necrotizing enterocolitis, diabetes, allergy, critically reviewed. Finally, current challenges prospects basic research discussed.

Language: Английский

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Current Advances in Structure–Function Relationships and Dose-Dependent Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 70(21), P. 6328 - 6353

Published: May 20, 2022

HMOs (human milk oligosaccharides) are the third most important nutrient in breast milk. As complex glycans, play an role regulating neonatal intestinal immunity, resisting viral and bacterial infections, displaying anti-inflammatory characteristics, promoting brain development. Although there have been some previous reports of HMOs, a detailed literature review summarizing structure-activity relationships dose-dependent effects is lacking. Hence, after introducing structures synthetic pathways this summarizes categorizes identified structure-function HMOs. Differential mechanisms different structural utilization by microorganisms summarized. This also emphasizes recent advances interactions between health benefits variance dosage effect based on vitro cell tests, animal experiments, human intervention studies. The potential chemical structure, selection, physiological properties as functional foods vital for further understanding their future applications.

Language: Английский

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Targeting host-virus interactions: in silico analysis of the binding of human milk oligosaccharides to viral proteins involved in respiratory infections

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Abstract Respiratory viral infections, a major public health concern, necessitate continuous development of novel antiviral strategies, particularly in the face emerging and re-emerging pathogens. In this study, we explored potential human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) as broad-spectrum agents against key respiratory viruses. By examining structural mimicry host cell receptors their known biological functions, including activities, assessed ability HMOs to bind potentially inhibit proteins crucial for entry. Our silico analysis focused on integral host-virus interactions, namely hemagglutinin protein influenza, fusion syncytial metapneumovirus, spike SARS-CoV-2. Using molecular docking simulation studies, demonstrated that exhibit varying binding affinities these proteins, suggesting entry inhibitors. This study identified several with promising profiles, highlighting drug development. research provides foundation utilizing natural source designing new therapeutics, offering approach fight infections.

Language: Английский

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In Vivo Evidence on the Emerging Potential of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides as Therapeutic Agents in Bacterial and Viral Infections

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 1068 - 1068

Published: March 19, 2025

The issue of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, coupled with the rise in viral pandemics and slow development new antibacterial antiviral treatments, underscores critical need for novel strategies to mitigate spread drug-resistant pathogens, enhance efficacy existing therapies, accelerate discovery deployment innovative antimicrobial solutions. One promising approach address these challenges is dietary supplementation non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). NDOs, including human milk (HMOs), play a vital role shaping sustaining healthy gut microbiota. Beyond stimulating growth activity beneficial bacteria, NDOs can also interact directly pathogenic bacteria viruses. Their properties arise from their unique interactions pathogens ability modulate host’s immune system. function as decoy receptors, inhibit pathogen growth, bind toxins, stimulate host response, exhibit anti-biofilm properties, barrier protection. However, notable gap exists comprehensive assessment vivo clinical data on this topic. This review aims provide an in-depth overview evidence related effects various HMOs, focus discussing possible mechanisms action.

Language: Английский

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Protective Characteristics of Human Breast Milk on Early Childhood Otitis Media: A Narrative Review

Breastfeeding Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 73 - 80

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Introduction: Human breast milk (HBM) contains a complex and dynamically changing variety of factors that contribute to the infant's developing immune system's ability fight upper respiratory tract infections, including otitis media (OM). We sought summarize current evidence on protective characteristics HBM, through direct or donated feeding, toward early childhood OM. Methods: For this narrative review, we performed literature search OM in context HBM feeding PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar databases, between January 1, 2008, July 2023. Results: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) provides short-term immunity 2–3 days against otopathogens causing IgA-mediated is effective up 7 months age if breastfeeding continues. The role transferred IgM IgG unclear. Although there potential value microRNA, hormones, oligosaccharides, stem cells, interleukins present their Any duration superior no risk reduction, with big variability among studies (odds ratio 0.23–0.81, depending duration). Duration ≥6 was found be most but continued benefits after 2 years age. Expressed not shown more beneficial. values donor are still undetermined. Conclusion: has numerous components protection Summarize recent changes developments regarding human its reduce childhood, key information milk's various effect growing system. Address use settings common infections. Give pediatric health care providers they need able educate parents positive infections especially media.

Language: Английский

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