The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 35 - 45

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Resources in the Clinical Environment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2344 - 2344

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

The native role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating the transfer biomolecules between cells has raised possibility to use them as therapeutic vehicles. development therapies based on EVs is now expanding rapidly; here we will describe current knowledge different key points regarding a clinical setting. These are related cell sources EVs, isolation, storage, and delivery methods, well modifications releasing for improved production EVs. Finally, depict application trials, considering impact COVID-19 pandemic these therapies, pointing out that although it promising therapy human diseases, still initial phase its patients.

Language: Английский

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Potential Epigenetic Effects of Human Milk on Infants’ Neurodevelopment

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(16), P. 3614 - 3614

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

The advantages of human milk feeding, especially in preterm babies, are well recognized. Infants’ feeding with breast lowers the likelihood developing a diverse range non-communicable diseases later life and it is also associated improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although precise mechanisms through which linked infants’ neurodevelopment still unknown, potential epigenetic effects its bioactive components, including non-coding RNAs, stem cells microbiome, could at least partly explain this association. Micro- long-non-coding enclosed exosomes, as cells, survive digestion, reach circulation can cross blood–brain barrier. Certain RNAs potentially regulate genes implicated brain development function, whereas nestin-positive possibly differentiate into neural or/and act regulators brain. Furthermore, microbiota contributes to establishment infant’s gut via modifications key molecules’ regulation. This narrative review provides an updated analysis relationship between epigenetics, pointing out how milk’s components have impact on both full-term babies.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Maternal Chronic Inflammatory Conditions on Breast Milk Composition: Possible Influence on Offspring Metabolic Programming

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 387 - 387

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Breastfeeding is the best way to provide newborns with crucial nutrients and produce a unique bond between mother child. Breast milk rich in nutritious non-nutritive bioactive components, such as immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins, hormones, fatty acids, other constituents. Maternal effects during gestation lactation can alter these influencing offspring outcomes. Chronic inflammatory maternal conditions, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, impact breast composition. from obese mothers exhibits changes fat content, cytokine levels, hormonal concentrations, potentially affecting infant growth health. Similarly, diabetes alters composition of milk, impacting factors metabolic markers. Other pro-inflammatory dyslipidemia syndrome, have been barely studied. Thus, altered tension parameters described modifying its macronutrients important biomolecules, likely offspring’s weight. This review emphasizes chronic conditions on potential implications for development through revision full-access original articles.

Language: Английский

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Human breast milk-derived exosomes and their positive role on neonatal intestinal health

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Alters Human Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 284 - 284

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Human milk-derived extracellular vesicles (HMEVs) are key components in breast milk, promoting infant health and development. Maternal conditions could affect HMEV cargo; however, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on HMEVs remains unknown. This study investigated influence during pregnancy postpartum molecules. The median duration from test positivity to milk collection was 3 months. After defatting casein micelle disaggregation, were isolated samples nine mothers with prenatal six controls by sequential centrifugation, ultrafiltration, qEV-size exclusion chromatography. presence confirmed via transmission electron microscopy. Nanoparticle tracking analysis demonstrated particle diameters <200 nm yields >1 × 1011 particles per mL milk. Western immunoblots detected ALIX, CD9, HSP70, supporting isolates. Cargo thousands analyzed using a multi-omics approach, including proteomics microRNA sequencing, predicted that produced enhanced functionalities involving metabolic reprogramming, mucosal tissue development, immunomodulation. Our findings suggest boosts site-specific functions HMEVs, potentially protecting infants against viral infections. Further prospective studies should be pursued reevaluate short- long-term benefits breastfeeding post-COVID era.

Language: Английский

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Protein and Lipid Content of Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Comparative Overview

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 401 - 401

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

The characterization of the protein and lipid cargo milk extracellular vesicles from different mammal species is crucial for understanding their biogenesis biological functions, as well a comprehensive description nutritional aspects animal human diet. In fact, EVs have been reported to possess relevant effects, but molecules/biochemical pathways underlying these effects poorly investigated. biochemical an important initial step potential therapeutic diagnostic use natural or modified EVs. number studies analysing composition limited compared that investigating nucleic acid cargo. Here, we revised literature regarding content Until now, most investigations shown with respect other fractions. addition, even if derived mostly bovine EVs, comparison between changes due factors including lactation stages health status also beginning be reported.

Language: Английский

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Breast milk microRNAs: Potential players in oral tolerance development

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 14, 2023

Breast milk is an essential source of nutrition and hydration for the infant. In addition, this highly complex biological fluid contains numerous immunologically active factors such as microorganisms, immunoglobulins, cytokines microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we set out to predict function top 10 expressed miRNAs in human breast milk, focusing on their relevance oral tolerance development allergy prevention The were identified basis previous peer-reviewed studies gathered from a recent systematic review updated literature search. with highest expression levels each study used identify most common or miRNA families across these selected subsequent target prediction. predictions performed using TargetScan combination Database Annotation, Visualization Integrated Discovery. ten were: let-7-5p family, miR-148a-3p, miR-30-5p miR-200a-3p + miR-141-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-181-5p miR-146b-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-29-3p miR-200b/c-3p miR-429-3p. prediction 3,588 potential genes 127 Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes pathways; several connected immune system, including TGF-b T cell receptor signaling T-helper differentiation. This highlights role contribution infant maturation. Indeed, seem be involved pathways that influence development.

Language: Английский

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Safety and Efficacy of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccines During Lactation

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

In this review, we summarize the data on safety and side-effect profile of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines during lactation to date, review what is known about mRNA vaccine components in breast milk, discuss efficacy COVID-19 providing immune protection for breastfeeding infant. The Centers Disease Control Prevention American College Obstetricians Gynecologists recommend that lactating individuals receive stay up date booster doses, including bivalent booster. lack serious side effects mothers or infants across numerous large studies registries vaccination pregnancy reassuring. Although small quantities may be transiently detectable milk after maternal vaccination, there are no demonstrating can survive infant gastrointestinal tract evidence from who have received a cause harm infants. contrast, demonstrate vaccinated contains severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific functional antibodies T cells, which benefit infant's developing system. Transfer SARS-CoV-2–specific mother highest when occurs compared with lactation, because receives both long-lasting through placenta breast-milk milk. With clear administration any recommendations avoid while withhold period time not supported by available evidence.

Language: Английский

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Human Breast Milk Exosomes: Affecting Factors, Their Possible Health Outcomes, and Future Directions in Dietetics

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(20), P. 3519 - 3519

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Background: Human breast milk is a complex biological fluid containing multifaceted compounds that boost immune and metabolic system development support the short- long-term health of newborns. Recent literature suggests human substantial source nutrients, bioactive molecules, exosomes. Objectives: This review examines factors influencing exosomes noted in impacts on infant health. Furthermore, it discusses potential future prospects for exosome research dietetics. Methods: Through narrative existing literature, we focused milk, components their impact Results: Exosomes are single-membrane extracellular vesicles endosomal origin, with an approximate radius 20–200 nm. They natural messengers cells secrete to transport wide range diverse cargoes, including deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic proteins, lipids between various cells. Some studies have reported could be transferred cause epigenetic changes. Thus, can affect gene expression cellular event regulation several tissues. Conclusions: In this manner, associated pathways, system, oxidative stress, cell cycle, they infants. However, there still much learn about functions, effectiveness, certain

Language: Английский

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