Cannabinoids in Medicine: A Multifaceted Exploration of Types, Therapeutic Applications, and Emerging Opportunities in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer Therapy

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 1388 - 1388

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

In this review article, we embark on a thorough exploration of cannabinoids, compounds that have garnered considerable attention for their potential therapeutic applications. Initially, article delves into the fundamental background emphasizing role endogenous cannabinoids in human body and outlining significance studying neurodegenerative diseases cancer. Building foundation, categorizes three main types: phytocannabinoids (plant-derived cannabinoids), endocannabinoids (naturally occurring body), synthetic (laboratory-produced cannabinoids). The intricate mechanisms through which these interact with cannabinoid receptors signaling pathways are elucidated. A comprehensive overview pharmacology follows, highlighting absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, as well pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic properties. Special emphasis is placed diseases, showcasing benefits conditions such Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Huntington’s multiple sclerosis. antitumor properties also investigated, exploring applications cancer treatment underlying anticancer effects. Clinical aspects thoroughly discussed, from viability agents to current clinical trials, safety considerations, adverse effects observed. This culminates discussion promising future research avenues broader implications cannabinoid-based therapies, concluding reflection immense modern medicine.

Language: Английский

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Cannabidivarin and cannabigerol induce unfolded protein response and angiogenesis dysregulation in placental trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 98(9), P. 2971 - 2984

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract Cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabigerol (CBG) are minor phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa , whose health benefits have been reported. However, studies about the impact of these cannabinoids on fundamental cellular processes in placentation scarce. Placental development involves physiological endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, however when exacerbated it can lead to altered angiogenesis pregnancy disorders, such as intrauterine growth restriction preeclampsia. In this work, effects CBDV CBG (1–10 µM) placental extravillous trophoblasts were studied, using vitro model HTR-8/SVneo cells. Both induced anti-proliferative reactive oxygen/nitrogen species generation, which was dependent transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation. Moreover, significantly upregulated, a TRPV-1 manner, gene expression HSPA5 /Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78/BiP), critical chaperone involved ER stress unfolded response (UPR) Nevertheless, UPR pathways differentially activated. able recruit IRE branch, while only enhanced downstream effectors PERK pathway, namely p-eIF2α, ATF4 CHOP. It also augmented activity apoptotic initiator caspases-8 -9, though effector caspases-3/-7 not TRB3 increased by CBDV, may hinder apoptosis termination. both compounds upregulated mRNA levels angiogenic factors VEGFA PGF sFLT1 disrupted endothelial-like behavior cells, reducing tube formation. Thus, treatment interferes with EVTs functions negative outcome.

Language: Английский

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Does the “Entourage Effect” in Cannabinoids Exist? A Narrative Scoping Review

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 1202 - 1216

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Background: The concept of an "entourage" effect in the cannabis and cannabinoids' field was first introduced late 1990s, during a period when most research on medical cannabinoids focused effects isolated cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Over past decade, however, with increased understanding endocannabinoid system, discovery other phytocannabinoids their potential therapeutic uses, term has gained widespread use scientific reviews marketing campaigns. Objective: Critically review application "entourage (EE)" literature its endorsement by certain sectors market. Also, explore perspectives for further interpretation elaboration based current evidence, aiming to contribute more nuanced implications cannabinoid-based medicine. Methods: A comprehensive conducted evaluate state knowledge regarding entourage effect. Relevant studies were analyzed assess evidence clinical efficacy safety, well regulation cannabinoid-containing product production. Results: EE is now recognized synergistic phenomenon which multiple components interact modulate actions plant. However, provides limited support it stable predictable phenomenon. Hence, there also efficacy, appropriate products hypothesis. Conclusion: significant prescription. Nevertheless, critical evaluation term's necessary. Further are needed establish regulatory framework these products. It's crucial that regulators, pharmaceutical industry, media, health care providers exercise caution avoid prematurely promoting hypothesis proven cannabis-derived compound combinations.

Language: Английский

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Anticancer effect of minor phytocannabinoids in preclinical models of multiple myeloma

BioFactors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 17, 2024

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer caused by uncontrolled growth of clonal plasmacells. Bone disease responsible for the severe complications MM and cells infiltrating bone marrow inducing osteoclast activation. To date, no treatment truly curative since patients relapse become refractory to all drug classes. Cannabinoids are already used as palliative in patients. Furthermore, their proper anticancer effect was demonstrated many models vitro, vivo, clinical trials. Anyway, few information reported on cannabinoids data has been provided minor phytocannabinoids such cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidivarin (CBDV). Scientific literature also beneficial against disease. Here, we examined cytotoxic activity CBG, CBC, CBN, CBDV vitro cell lines, modulating invasion toward resorption. Subsequently, according results, selected CBN vivo study xenograft mice model. Results showed that inhibited induced necrotic death. Moreover, reduced osteoblast resorption vitro. Lastly, tumor mass. Together, our results suggest can be promising agents MM.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds modulating the endocannabinoid system in various diseases and disorders: review

Pharmacological Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75(6), P. 1410 - 1444

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Language: Английский

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Supercritical fluid extract of Angelica sinensis promotes the anti-colorectal cancer effect of oxaliplatin

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 4, 2022

Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimens are recommended for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, oxaliplatin (OXA) can cause toxic side effects at the dosage. Therefore, it is necessary to find new drug candidates that synergize OXA and thereby lower dose while still maintaining its efficacy. Angelica sinensis a common in traditional Chinese medicine has demonstrated significant anti-CRC effect modern pharmacological studies. The active ingredients be effectively extracted by supercritical fluid extract. In this study, extract of (A-SFE) was obtained stable extraction process chemically characterized GC/MS. anti-cancer A-SFE when applied individually explored vitro through MTT, scratch, Transwell assay. on CRC cells under influence tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) co-culture model. results showed could inhibit viability, metastasis, invasion HCT116 cells, especially TAMs. When 20-100 μg/ml 8-64 were used combination synergistic or additive shown different concentration combinations. CT26 syngeneic mouse model explore combined vivo. tumor volume, expression levels Ki67, MMP9, CD206 + group less than those group. conclusion, potential become an adjuvant treatment CRC, which provides strategies anti-colorectal research.

Language: Английский

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Genotoxicity of selected cannabinoids in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 98(10), P. 3439 - 3451

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Abstract Natural non-psychoactive cannabinoids such as cannabigerol (CBG), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidivarin (CBDV), and cannabinol (CBN) are increasingly consumed constituents of dietary products because the health benefits claims. Cannabinoids may reduce certain types pain, nausea, anxiety. Anti-inflammatory even anti-carcinogenic properties have been discussed. However, there insufficient data available regarding their potential (geno-)toxic effects. Therefore, we tested CBG, CBD, CBC, CBDV, CBN for genotoxic effects on mitosis cell cycle in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. The selected (except CBDV) induced increased micronuclei formation, which was reduced with addition a metabolic activation system (S9 mix). CBDV only after activation. Mitotic disturbances were observed all cannabinoids, while G1 phase accumulation cells CBD CBDV. occurred at about 1000-fold higher concentrations than reported blood levels from consumption. results clearly indicate need further research into cannabinoids. mechanism mitotic disturbance, shape dose–response curves possible mixtures aspects clarification.

Language: Английский

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Treatment of malignant diseases with phytocannabinoids: promising observations in animal models and patients

Exploration of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 847 - 877

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Amazingly, almost 50 years after the first demonstration of anticancer effects cannabinoids in vitro and vivo, well-designed clinical trials that definitively prove tumour-inhibiting man are still missing. Whereas a large number preclinical studies exist describe cannabinoids, alone or combination, but also form medical cannabis natural extracts vitro, vivo is limited. Even more limited well-documented experiences man. Most animal experience with concern brain tumours. This review summarises phytocannabinoids brain, breast, colorectal, head neck, haematological, liver, lung, pancreatic, ovarian, prostate, skin cancers models and, if available, patients. The majority demonstrate thus confirming data. Experiences cancer patients exclusively to individual case reports series without control group. Many questions currently unanswered such as role pure compared combinations, eventual sole therapy, optimal dosages, duration treatment. Pure cannabidiol (CBD) seems be superior delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) experimental settings. less clear they vary their phytochemical composition. In conclusion, cannabis/cannabinoids may slow progression However, hope could eventually cure often spread social media, is, at present, wishful thinking. Above all, paired long-term follow-up needed.

Language: Английский

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Editorial: Cannabinoid interactions with ion channels, receptors, and the bio-membrane

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 9, 2023

EDITORIAL article Front. Physiol., 09 May 2023Sec. Membrane Physiology and Biophysics Volume 14 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1211230

Language: Английский

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The Impact Of Cannabinoids On Breast Cancer Cell Lines: A Meta-Analysis And Systematic Review Of Antitumoral Effects

Journal of Cancer Therapy and Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Propidium iodided CI: Confidence Interval ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species 7-AAD: 7-aminoactinomycin D types, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed worldwide [2].Despite progress in early detection methods and therapeutics, remains fifth leading cause of related deaths globally, with approximately 685,000 women affected by this disease 2020 [3].Additionally, 2025, it estimated that 2.5 million new cases will be mortality female patients rise to 769,000 [4][5].

Language: Английский

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