The Human Body as an Ethanol-Producing Bioreactor—The Forensic Impacts DOI Creative Commons
Ivan Šoša

Fermentation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 738 - 738

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS), also called gut fermentation syndrome, is an extremely infrequent but underrecognized disorder where ethanol produced endogenously, similar to a typical bioreactor. The reliability of forensic alcohol analysis results frequently challenged as the concentration in breath, blood, and/or urine constitutes important evidence for prosecuting drivers under influence alcohol. This further emphasizes need understand ABS, legal proceedings it often presented grounds acquittal due concept that findings could have corresponded endogenously ethanol. However, this rare and underdiagnosed medical condition should not be considered purely lawyer’s favorite argument. Manifestations ABS can severe impact on patient’s life pose social consequences well. Unfortunately, barely anything has been unearthed, aspects such genetic susceptibility, gut-mucus-eating microorganisms, fecal microbiome transplantation were reviewed first time context. framework review was limited microbiota exclusively; moreover, overgrowth microorganisms linked use antibiotics. Studies indicated carbohydrate occurs locations other than intra-intestinal flora. Accordingly, literature searched cases patients with yeast infections their genitourinary or oral systems.

Language: Английский

Endogenous Ethanol Production in the Human Alimentary Tract: A Literature Review DOI Creative Commons
Renee Stamation

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

ABSTRACT Endogenous ethanol production, or auto‐brewery syndrome (ABS), is a rare condition of the human alimentary canal that results in intoxication without alcohol consumption. Despite its clinical significance, ABS remains largely undiagnosed because lack awareness among clinicians. Published cases have reported extensive biopsychosocial comorbidities accompanying delayed diagnosis and incomplete management; these include social rejection family separation, court‐ordered rehabilitation psychiatric admission, legal employment ramifications, deteriorating mental health suicidality. In this mini review, we aim to educate enlighten clinicians by discussing literature findings pertaining pathophysiological mechanisms gut dysbiosis due overgrowth Saccharomyces cerevisiae , E. coli Klebsiella impaired intestinal barrier function, dysregulation hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Furthermore, discuss recently discovered associations with sleep quality mood disorders explore medical sequelae metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease steatohepatitis. Drawing on data, propose protocols for initial care emergency room, subsequent critical care, diagnostic testing glucose challenge testing, definitive microbiological during acute phase illness. We also present an empirical treatment outline while awaiting confirmation causative organisms sensitivities.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Gut commensals and their metabolites in health and disease DOI Creative Commons
Hari Krishnan Krishnamurthy, Michelle Pereira,

Jophi Bosco

et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Purpose of review This comprehensively discusses the role gut microbiome and its metabolites in health disease sheds light on importance a holistic approach assessing gut. Recent findings The consisting bacteriome, mycobiome, archaeome, virome has profound effect human health. Gut dysbiosis which is characterized by perturbations microbial population not only results gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or conditions but can also give rise to extra-GI manifestations. microorganisms produce (short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, methane, so on) that are important for several interkingdom interactions functions. They participate various host metabolic processes. An alteration species affect their respective metabolite concentrations have serious implications. Effective assessment crucial as it provide insights into one’s overall Summary Emerging evidence highlights disease. As implicated GI well symptoms, plays well-being host. may status leading more care.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Three Klebsiella species as potential pathobionts generating endogenous ethanol in a clinical cohort of patients with auto-brewery syndrome: a case control study DOI Creative Commons
Guanhua Xue,

Junxia Feng,

Rui Zhang

et al.

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 104560 - 104560

Published: April 13, 2023

Patients with auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) become inebriated after the ingestion of an alcohol-free, high-carbohydrate diet. Our previous work has shown that high-alcohol-producing (HiAlc) Klebsiella pneumoniae can generate excessive endogenous ethanol and cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate such bacteria might play important role in pathogenesis ABS.The characteristics metabolites intestinal flora from a clinical cohort patients ABS were analysed during different stages compared group healthy controls. An vitro culture system relevant samples was used for screening drug sensitivity ABS-inducing factors. Rabbit murine models established verify if isolated strains could induce vivo.We observed dysbiosis decreased abundance Firmicutes increased Proteobacteria The genus Enterobacteriaceae strongly associated fluctuations patient's blood alcohol concentration. We three species HiAlc patients, which able mice. Monosaccharide content identified as potential food-related inducing factor production. Treatments antibiotics, complex probiotic preparation low-carbohydrate diet not only alleviated ABS, but also erased relapse follow-up observation one patients.Excessive produced by underlying bacterial ABS. Combined prescription appropriate controlled be sufficient treatment bacteria-caused funders are listed acknowledgement.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
The Role of Cannabidiol in Liver Disease: A Systemic Review DOI Open Access
Si Chen, Jeon-Kyung Kim

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2370 - 2370

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid abundant in Cannabis sativa, has gained considerable attention for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. It exhibits the potential to prevent or slow progression of various diseases, ranging from malignant tumors viral infections neurodegenerative disorders ischemic diseases. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty (NAFLD), alcoholic disease, hepatitis stand prominent causes morbidity mortality chronic diseases globally. The literature substantiated CBD’s therapeutic effects across diverse vivo vitro models. However, precise mechanism action remains elusive, an absence evidence hinders translation into clinical practice. This comprehensive review emphasizes wealth data linking CBD Importantly, we delve detailed discussion receptors through which might exert effects, including cannabinoid receptors, CB1 CB2, peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPARs), G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient channels (TRPs), their intricate connections with In conclusion, address new questions that warrant further investigation this evolving field.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactococcus lactis and Thomasclavelia ramosa are enriched and Methanobrevibacter smithii is depleted in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis DOI Creative Commons

Babacar Mbaye,

Reham Magdy Wasfy, Maryam Tidjani Alou

et al.

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 180, P. 106160 - 106160

Published: May 20, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Increased fecal ethanol and enriched ethanol-producing gut bacteria Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Enterocloster bolteae, Mediterraneibacter gnavus and Streptococcus mutans in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis DOI Creative Commons

Babacar Mbaye,

Reham Magdy Wasfy,

Patrick Borentain

et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 16, 2023

Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become a major public health issue as one of the leading causes liver disease and transplantation worldwide. The instrumental role gut microbiota is emerging but still under investigation. Endogenous ethanol (EtOH) production by bacteria yeasts an putative mechanism. Microbial metagenomics culture studies targeting enterobacteria or have been reported, no culturomics conducted so far. Aim To assess fecal EtOH other biochemical parameters, characterize NASH-associated dysbiosis identify EtOH-producing microbes associated with disease, samples from 41 NASH patients 24 controls were analyzed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for EtOH, glucose, total proteins, triglyceride cholesterol. Viable assessed microbial culturomics. genetic material using 16S hypervariable V3V4 region. Results Fecal glucose elevated in stools (p < 0.05) not triglyceride, cholesterol proteins. In culturomics, Enterocloster bolteae Limosilactobacillus fermentum enriched NASH. rRNA amplicon sequencing confirmed enrichment including L. , Mediterraneibacter gnavus Streptococcus mutans species previously dysbiosis-associated diseases. Strikingly, E. identified only well-known Lacticaseibacillus casei never isolated 0.05). Conclusion Elevated feature Several different may play disease. Culturomics metagenomics, two complementary methods, will be critical to future diagnostic markers therapeutic targets Suppression administration are options tested treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Gut Microbiota Patterns in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment Using Three Analysis Methods DOI Open Access
А. В. Коробейникова, Olga A. Zlobovskaya, А.Ф. Шептулина

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(20), P. 15272 - 15272

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common chronic worldwide, affecting nearly 25% of global adult population. Increasing evidence suggests that functional and compositional changes in gut microbiota may contribute to development promote progression NAFLD. 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing widely used determine specific features NAFLD microbiome, but a complex system such as requires comprehensive approach. We three different approaches: MALDI-TOF-MS bacterial cultures, qPCR, NGS sequencing, well wide variety statistical methods assess differences composition between patients without significant fibrosis control group. The listed showed enrichment Collinsella sp. Oscillospiraceae for samples Lachnospiraceae (and particular Dorea sp.) Veillonellaceae families, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Enterococcaceae (particularly Enterococcus faecium faecalis), were also found be important taxa microbiome evaluation. Considering individual method observations, an increase Candida krusei decrease Bacteroides uniformis detected using MALDI-TOF-MS. An Gracilibacteraceae, Chitinophagaceae, Pirellulaceae, Erysipelatoclostridiaceae, Muribaculaceae, Comamonadaceae, Acidaminococcaceae observed with NGS, Fusobacterium nucleatum was shown qPCR analysis. These findings confirm associated composition. Further investigations are required cause-and-effect relationships impact microbiota-derived compounds on

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Gut microbiota in MAFLD: therapeutic and diagnostic implications DOI Creative Commons

Waleed Alghamdi,

Mahmoud Mosli, Saleh A. Alqahtani

et al.

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic disease, is becoming a significant contributor to chronic globally, surpassing other etiologies, such viral hepatitis. Prevention and early treatment strategies curb its growing prevalence are urgently required. Recent evidence suggests that targeting the gut microbiota may help treat alleviate progression in patients with MAFLD. This review aims explore complex relationship between MAFLD relation pathogenesis. Additionally, it delves into therapeutic microbiota, diet, exercise, antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, fecal transplantation, discusses novel biomarkers, microbiota-derived testing liquid biopsy, for their diagnostic staging potential. Overall, emphasizes urgent need preventive address devastating consequences of at both individual societal levels recognizes further exploration open avenues managing effectively future.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Candida tropicalis, Clavispora lusitaniae, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Liquorilactobacillus mali, and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides are associated with Ethanol Levels in Malian Traditional Fermented Milk Products DOI Creative Commons

Sibiri Sissoko,

Salimata Konaté,

Nicholas Armstrong

et al.

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107298 - 107298

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Endogenous Alcohol and Auto-Brewery Syndrome Complicating Liver Transplantation: A Case Report and Literature Review DOI Creative Commons
Jack C. Drda, Jill P. Smith

Livers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 13 - 13

Published: March 13, 2025

Introduction: We describe the first reported case of auto-brewery syndrome complicating liver transplantation, wherein a patient was temporarily removed from transplant list not due to ethanol consumption but rather spontaneous ethanolic fermentation within gastrointestinal tract. Auto-brewery (ABS) is rare metabolic condition where microbiota dysbiosis leads microbial under anaerobic, high carbohydrate conditions. Because no alcohol directly consumed by patient, this often referred as “endogenous”. Methods: present awaiting orthotopic transplantation significantly elevated blood levels. However, an upper endoscopy revealed Candida esophagitis, and diagnosis ABS made. Results: With antifungal fluconazole treatment, patient’s biomarkers decreased, underwent successful transplantation. Discerning between exogenous endogenous production with remains significant challenge for clinicians, knowledge could have serious implications life-saving transplant. Conclusions: This highlights importance listening carefully assessing potential recipients who consistently deny consumption, specifically gut ABS.

Language: Английский

Citations

0