Salivary gland function, development, and regeneration

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 102(3), P. 1495 - 1552

Published: March 28, 2022

Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health overall health. Understanding both the unique structure physiological function of salivary glands, as well how they are affected by disease injury, will direct development therapy to repair regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in OMICS field, increase our understanding develop at cellular, molecular, genetic levels: signaling pathways involved, dynamics progenitor cell lineages development, homeostasis, regeneration, role extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template gene therapies bioengineering approaches or function.

Language: Английский

---

Diabetes mellitus promotes susceptibility to periodontitis—novel insight into the molecular mechanisms

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a main risk factor for periodontitis, but until now, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. can increase pathogenicity of periodontal microbiota and inflammatory/host immune response periodontium. Hyperglycemia induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production enhances oxidative stress (OS), exacerbating tissue destruction. Furthermore, alveolar bone resorption damage epigenetic changes in induced by diabetes may also contribute to periodontitis. We will review latest clinical data on evidence promoting susceptibility periodontitis from epidemiological, mechanistic, potential therapeutic targets discuss possible mechanistic targets, focusing particular novel OS. Understanding intertwined pathogenesis explain cross-interference between endocrine metabolic inflammatory diseases better, provide theoretical basis new systemic holistic treatment, promote interprofessional collaboration physicians dentists.

Language: Английский

---

Understanding Autoimmunity: Mechanisms, Predisposing Factors, and Cytokine Therapies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 7666 - 7666

Published: July 12, 2024

Autoimmunity refers to an organism’s immune response against its own healthy cells, tissues, or components, potentially leading irreversible damage vital organs. Central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms play crucial roles in preventing autoimmunity by eliminating self-reactive T B cells. The disruption of immunological tolerance, characterized the failure these mechanisms, results aberrant activation autoreactive lymphocytes that target self-tissues, culminating pathogenesis autoimmune disorders. Genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, immunoregulatory disturbances synergistically contribute susceptibility initiation pathologies. Within realm therapies for diseases, cytokine have emerged as a specialized strategy, targeting cytokine-mediated regulatory pathways rectify imbalances. Proinflammatory cytokines are key players inducing propagating inflammation, highlighting potential managing conditions. This review discusses etiology current therapeutic approaches, prospects future drug design.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) on Macrophages in Periodontitis

Oral Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

ABSTRACT Objective To review the effect of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. ) on macrophages during periodontitis development. Method Literature pertaining to OMVs and was reviewed discussed, with a focus immunomodulatory effects macrophages. Results affect recognition, phagocytosis, polarization, apoptosis functions However, information their antigen‐presenting remains lacking, further research is required for clinical applications. Conclusion can influence development through immune modulation macrophages; however, provide novel ideas prevention treatment periodontitis.

Language: Английский

---

Role of increasing the aerobic capacity on improving the function of immune and respiratory systems in patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A review

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 489 - 496

Published: April 28, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Harnessing the immune system to overcome cytokine storm and reduce viral load in COVID-19: a review of the phases of illness and therapeutic agents

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Oct. 15, 2020

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously named 2019-nCov), a novel coronavirus that emerged in China December and was declared global pandemic World Health Organization March 11th, 2020. manifestations of COVID-19 are combination direct tissue injury viral replication associated cytokine storm resulting progressive organ damage. Discussion We reviewed published literature between January 1st, 2000 June 30th, 2020, excluding articles focusing on pediatric or obstetric population, with focus virus-host interactions immunological mechanisms responsible for virus release syndrome (CRS). illness encompasses three main phases. In phase 1, SARS-CoV-2 binds angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)2 receptor alveolar macrophages epithelial cells, triggering toll like (TLR) mediated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-ƙB) signaling. It effectively blunts an early (IFN) response allowing unchecked replication. Phase characterized hypoxia innate immunity pneumocyte damage as well capillary leak. Some patients further progress to 3 worsening respiratory symptoms, persistent fever, hemodynamic instability. Important cytokines involved this interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis (TNF)-α. This typically followed recovery production antibodies against the virus. summarize data regarding interactions, key virus-associated CRS, potential opportunities therapeutic interventions. Conclusion Evidence epidemiology pathogenesis rapidly evolving. A better understanding pathophysiology immune system dysregulation CRS acute distress severe imperative identify drug targets other

Language: Английский

---

COVID‐19 and Treg/Th17 imbalance: Potential relationship to pregnancy outcomes

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 84(5)

Published: July 14, 2020

Abstract Caused by a novel type of virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), disease 2019 (COVID‐19) constitutes global public health emergency. Pregnant women are considered to have higher risk morbidity and even mortality due their susceptibility pathogens particular immunologic state. Several studies assessing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy reported adverse outcomes in patients with conditions, including spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, fetal distress, cesarean section, birth, neonatal asphyxia, pneumonia, stillbirth, death. However, whether these complications causally related is not clear. Here, we reviewed the scientific evidence supporting contributing role Treg/Th17 cell imbalance uncontrolled systemic inflammation characterizing cases COVID‐19. Based on recognized harmful effects CD4 + T‐cell subset imbalances pregnancy, speculated that might lead through deregulation otherwise tightly regulated ratios, subsequent inflammation. Moreover, discuss possibility vertical transmission COVID‐19 from infected mothers infants, which could also explain perinatal outcomes. Rigorous monitoring pregnancies appropriate measures should be taken prevent treat early eventual maternal complications.

Language: Английский

---

<p>Inflammatory Cytokine: IL-17A Signaling Pathway in Patients Present with COVID-19 and Current Treatment Strategy</p>

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: Volume 13, P. 673 - 680

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a globally communicable public health caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Eradication of COVID-19 appears practically impossible but, therefore, more effective pharmacotherapy needed. The deteriorated clinical presentation patients with mainly associated hypercytokinemia due to notoriously elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte (G-CSF), interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP10), monocyte chemoattractant (MCP1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), usually responsible for cytokine release syndrome. In the storm, up-regulation T-helper 17 cell IL-17A, maybe also IL-17F, mostly immunopathology distress Herein, I meticulously review exuberant polarization mechanism naïve CD4+ T cells toward Th17 in response SARS-CoV-2 infection its immunopathological sequelae. also, propose, benefit, targeting IL-17A signaling synergic inflammatory IL-6 manage patients, particularly those presenting storm

Language: Английский

---

Natural Anti-Inflammatory Compounds as Drug Candidates for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 14, 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents chronic recurrent intestinal inflammation resulting from various factors. Crohn’s (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have been identified as the two major types of IBD. Currently, most drugs for IBD used commonly in clinic adverse reactions, only a few present long-lasting treatment effects. Moreover, issues drug resistance recurrence are frequent difficult to resolve. Together, these cause difficulties treating patients with Therefore, development novel therapeutic agents prevention is significance. In this context, research on natural compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity could be approach developing effective strategies Phytochemicals such astragalus polysaccharide (APS), quercetin, limonin, ginsenoside Rd, luteolin, kaempferol, icariin reported treatment. brief, activities considered important candidate The review discusses potential certain their synthetic derivatives

Language: Английский

---

Dietary lipids from body to brain

Progress in Lipid Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 101144 - 101144

Published: Dec. 13, 2021

Dietary habits have drastically changed over the last decades in Western societies. The diet, rich saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans (TFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated (n-6 PUFA) and cholesterol, is accepted as an important factor development of metabolic disorders, such obesity diabetes type 2. Alongside these diseases, nutrition associated with prevalence brain disorders. Although clinical epidemiological studies revealed that diseases disorders might be related, underlying pathology multifactorial, making it hard to determine causal links. Neuroinflammation can a result unhealthy diets may cause alterations peripheral metabolism. Especially, dietary are interest, they act signalling molecules responsible for inflammatory processes. Diets n-6 PUFA, SFA TFA increase neuroinflammation, whereas monounsaturated (MUFA), omega-3 (n-3) PUFA sphingolipids (SL) diminish neuroinflammation. Moreover, pro- anti-inflammatory indirectly influence neuroinflammation via adipose tissue, microbiome, intestine vasculature. Here, we review impact on health. In particular, will discuss role lipids pathways directly applicable inflammation neuronal function.

Language: Английский

---