Medical Hypotheses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111578 - 111578
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 3464 - 3464
Published: March 23, 2022
Microbe–host communication is essential to maintain vital functions of a healthy host, and its disruption has been associated with several diseases, including Crohn’s disease ulcerative colitis, the two major forms inflammatory bowel (IBD). Although individual members intestinal microbiota have experimental IBD, identifying microorganisms that affect susceptibility phenotypes in humans remains considerable challenge. Currently, lack definition between what dysbiotic gut microbiome limits research. Nevertheless, although clear proof-of-concept causality still lacking, there an increasingly evident need understand microbial basis IBD at strain, genomic, epigenomic, functional levels specific clinical contexts. Recent information on role diet novel environmental risk factors affecting direct implications for immune response impacts development IBD. The complexity pathogenesis, involving multiple distinct elements, suggests integrative approach, likely utilizing computational modeling molecular datasets identify more therapeutic targets.
Language: Английский
Citations
190
Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15
Published: Feb. 20, 2024
Bacteria are the most prevalent form of microorganisms and classified into two categories based on their mode existence: intracellular extracellular. While bacteria beneficial to human health, others pathogenic can cause mild severe infections. These use various mechanisms evade host immunity diseases in humans. The susceptibility a bacterial infection depends effectiveness immune system, overall genetic factors. Malnutrition, chronic illnesses, age-related vulnerabilities additional confounders disease severity phenotypes. impact pathogens public health includes transmission these from healthcare facilities, which contributes increased morbidity mortality. To identify significant threats it is crucial understand global burden common pathogenicity. This knowledge required improve immunization rates, vaccines, consider antimicrobial resistance when assessing situation. Many have developed resistance, has implications for infectious favors survival resilient microorganisms. review emphasizes significance understanding that this threat scale.
Language: Английский
Citations
50
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 73 - 73
Published: Dec. 23, 2020
As a major arm of the cellular immune response, CD4
Language: Английский
Citations
75
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46(1)
Published: July 12, 2021
ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic human pathogen, which a leading cause of infections worldwide. The challenge in treating S. infection linked to the development multidrug-resistant strains and mechanisms employed by this pathogen evade immune defenses. In addition, can hide asymptomatically particular ‘protective’ niches body for prolonged periods time. present review, we highlight recently gained insights role gut as endogenous reservoir next nasopharynx oral cavity. address contribution these ecological staphylococcal transmission, including roles triggers modulators bacterial dissemination. context, recent advances concerning interactions between cells understand their possible vehicles dissemination from other sites. Lastly, discuss factors that contribute switch colonization infection. Altogether, conclude important key uncovering pathogenesis lies hidden reservoirs, trafficking bacterium through subsequent responses.
Language: Английский
Citations
74
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15
Published: Jan. 30, 2024
Immunotherapy treatments aim to modulate the host’s immune response either mitigate it in inflammatory/autoimmune disease or enhance against infection cancer. Among different immunotherapies reaching clinical application during last years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy has emerged as an effective treatment for cancer where CAR T cells have already been approved. Yet their use infectious diseases is area still relatively poorly explored, albeit with tremendous potential research and application. Infectious represent a global health challenge, escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance underscoring need alternative therapeutic approaches. This review aims systematically evaluate current applications discuss its future applications. Notably, cell therapies, initially developed treatment, are gaining recognition remedies diseases. The sheds light on significant progress therapy directed at viral opportunistic fungal infections.
Language: Английский
Citations
13
ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. 6990 - 7010
Published: Feb. 22, 2024
The clinical treatment efficacy for implant-associated infections (IAIs), particularly those caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), remains unsatisfactory, primarily due to the formation of biofilm barriers and resulting immunosuppressive microenvironment, leading chronicity recurrence IAIs. To address this challenge, we propose a light-induced immune enhancement strategy, synthesizing BSA@MnO2@Ce6@Van (BMCV). BMCV exhibits precise targeting adhesion S. biofilm-infected region, coupled with its capacity catalyze oxygen generation from H2O2 in hypoxic acidic microenvironment (BME), promoting oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy while ensuring continuous release manganese ions. Notably, targeted can penetrate biofilms, producing ROS that degrade extracellular DNA, disrupting structure impairing barrier function, making it vulnerable infiltration elimination system. Furthermore, reactive species (ROS) around lyse aureus, triggering bacterium-like immunogenic cell death (ICD), releasing abundant costimulatory factors, facilitating recognition maturation antigen-presenting cells (APCs), activating adaptive immunity. Additionally, ions BME act as immunoadjuvants, further amplifying macrophage-mediated innate responses reversing immunologically cold an hot BME. We prove our synthesized elicits robust response vivo, effectively clearing primary IAIs inducing long-term memory prevent recurrence. Our study introduces potent immunomodulatory nanoplatform capable biofilm-induced biofilm-mediated protective barriers, offering promising immunotherapeutic strategy addressing challenging
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)
Published: Feb. 22, 2025
A craniotomy is a neurosurgical procedure performed to access the intracranial space. In 3–5% of cases, infections can develop, most caused by Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation on skull surface. Medical management this infection difficult, as properties confer immune and antimicrobial recalcitrance necessitate additional surgical procedures. Furthermore, treatment failure rates be appreciably high. These factors, compounded with rapidly expanding resistance, highlight need develop alternative strategies target reverse dysfunction that occurs during infection. Our recent work has identified CD4+ Th1 Th17 cells potent regulators innate cell activation Here, we report role IFN-γ, versus other Th1- Th17-derived cytokines, in programing response using both global type-specific IFN-γR1-deficient (Ifngr1−/−) mice. Bacterial burdens were significantly higher Ifngr1−/− relative WT animals despite few changes abundance. Single-cell transcriptomics candidate explanations for phenotype alterations death pathways, activation, MHC-II expression, T responses reduced While caspase-1 PMNs macrophage/microglial expression regulated IFN-γ signaling, no phenotypes observed either granulocyte- or macrophage/microglia conditional knockout mice, suggestive redundancy. Instead, decreased Th1/Th17 ratio was corroborated elevated IL-17 levels correlated dysfunctional cell-innate communication. Further, less effective than promoting S. bactericidal activity microglia macrophages. Collectively, identifies key protective enhancing macrophage microglial antibacterial activity. Therefore, controlled programming may represent novel therapeutic strategy chronic infections.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 1261 - 1261
Published: Jan. 27, 2021
Free-living amoebas, including Acanthamoeba spp., are widely distributed in soil, water, and air. They capable of causing granulomatous amebic encephalitis, pneumonia, keratitis, disseminated acanthamoebiasis. Despite low occurrence worldwide, the mortality rate spp. infections is very high, especially immunosuppressed hosts. a medical problem, owing to limited improvement diagnostics treatment, which associated with incomplete knowledge pathophysiology, pathogenesis, host immune response against infection. The aim this review present biochemical molecular mechanisms spp.–host interactions, expression Toll-like receptors, an response, activity metalloproteinases, secretion antioxidant enzymes, cyclooxygenases. We show relationship between at cellular level defense reactions that lead changes selected host’s organs.
Language: Английский
Citations
43
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14
Published: Nov. 15, 2023
At present, cancer is the largest culprit that endangers human health. The current treatment options for mainly include surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but their therapeutic effects long-term prognosis are unsatisfactory. Immunotherapy an emerging therapy has completely transformed landscape of advanced cancers, tried to occupy a place in neoadjuvant resectable tumors. However, not all patients respond immunotherapy due immunological molecular features Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides new perspective considered have potential as promising anti-tumor drugs considering its immunoregulatory properties. This review concludes commonly used TCM monomers compounds from immune regulatory pathways, aiming clearly introduce basic mechanisms boosting several common TCM. In addition, we also summarized closed ongoing trials presented prospects future development. Due significant role non-small cell lung (NSCLC), combined with should be emphasized NSCLC.
Language: Английский
Citations
21
Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 762 - 762
Published: Feb. 27, 2023
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a non-invasive, label-free technique used to detect aberrant cell morphologies caused by disease, thus providing useful diagnostic approach. Here, we evaluated the potential of QPI differentiate specific morphological changes in human primary T-cells exposed various bacterial species and strains. Cells were challenged with sterile determinants, i.e., membrane vesicles or culture supernatants, derived from different Gram-positive Gram-negative bacteria. Timelapse digital holographic microscopy (DHM) was applied capture T-cell morphology over time. After numerical reconstruction image segmentation, calculated single area, circularity mean contrast. Upon challenge, underwent rapid such as shrinkage, alterations contrast loss integrity. Time course intensity this response varied between both The strongest effect observed for treatment S. aureus-derived supernatants that led complete lysis cells. Furthermore, shrinkage circular shape stronger than Additionally, virulence factors concentration-dependent, decreases cellular area enhanced increasing concentrations determinants. Our findings clearly indicate stress depends on causative pathogen, can be detected using DHM.
Language: Английский
Citations
20