Role of Nanotechnology in Ischemic Stroke: Advancements in Targeted Therapies and Diagnostics for Enhanced Clinical Outcomes

Journal of Functional Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 8 - 8

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Each year, the number of cases strokes and deaths due to this is increasing around world. This could be work stress, lifestyles, unhealthy food habits, several other reasons. Currently, there are traditional methods like thrombolysis mechanical thrombectomy for managing strokes. The current approach has limitations, delayed diagnosis, limited therapeutic delivery, risks secondary injuries. So, a need some effective reliable management strokes, which help in early diagnosis followed by treatment Nanotechnology played an immense role recently, it emerged as transformative solution offering innovative diagnostic tools strategies. Nanoparticles (NPs) belonging classes, including metallic (metallic metal oxide), organic (lipids, liposome), carbon, can cross blood–brain barrier may exhibit potential various Moreover, these NPs have exhibited promise improving imaging specificity delivery precise drug real-time monitoring efficacy. Nanomaterials cerium oxide (CeO2) liposome-encapsulated agents neuroprotective properties that reduce oxidative stress promote neuroregeneration. In present article, authors emphasized significant advancements nanomedicine stroke, NPs-based systems, neuroregenerative therapies, multimodal advancements.

Language: Английский

---

Advancing Spinal Cord Injury Treatment through Stem Cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Cell Types, Challenges, and Emerging Technologies in Regenerative Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(18), P. 14349 - 14349

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can lead to significant neurological deficits and lifelong disability, with far-reaching physical, psychological, economic consequences for affected individuals their families. Current treatments SCIs are limited in ability restore function, there is a pressing need innovative therapeutic approaches. Stem cell therapy has emerged as promising strategy promote the regeneration repair of damaged neural tissue following SCIs. This review article comprehensively discusses potential different stem types, such embryonic cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent (iPSCs), mesenchymal (MSCs), stem/progenitor (NSPCs), SCI treatment. We provide an in-depth analysis unique advantages challenges associated each type, well latest advancements field. Furthermore, we address critical faced SCIs, including safety concerns, ethical considerations, standardization protocols, optimization transplantation parameters, development effective outcome measures. also discuss integration novel technologies gene editing, biomaterials, engineering enhance cells. The concludes by emphasizing importance collaborative efforts among various stakeholders scientific community, researchers, clinicians, bioengineers, industry partners, patients, overcome these realize full patients. By fostering collaborations advancing our understanding biology regenerative medicine, pave way groundbreaking therapies that improve lives those

Language: Английский

---

Pathophysiology and Management Strategies for Post-Stroke Spasticity: An Update Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 406 - 406

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Post-stroke spasticity (PSS), characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes, affects significant portion of stroke patients presents substantial obstacle to post-stroke rehabilitation. Effective management treatment for PSS remains clinical challenge the interdisciplinary aspect depending on understanding its etiologies pathophysiology. We systematically review relevant literature provide main pathogenic hypotheses: alterations balance excitatory inhibitory inputs descending pathway or spinal circuit, which are secondary cortical subcortical ischemic hemorrhagic injury, lead disinhibition stretch reflex increased tone. Prolongation motoneuron responses synaptic excitation persistent inward currents changes contribute hypertonia. The guidelines advocate variety therapeutic approaches, yet they hindered constraints such as dose-dependent adverse effects, high cost, limited efficacy. Taken together, we highlight key processes pathophysiology summarize many interventions, including neuroprotective agents, gene therapy, targeted physiotherapy, NexTGen therapy complementary alternative medicine. aim confer additional benefits lay foundation development new potential therapies against PSS.

Language: Английский

---

Research hotspots and frotiers of stem cells in stroke: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2022

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 3, 2023

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes mortality and permanent disability worldwide. However, current stroke treatment has a limited effect. Therefore, new urgently needed. Stem cell therapy cutting-edge for patients. This study aimed to gain better understanding global stem trends in via bibliometric analysis. Methods: We used Web Science Core Collection search pertinent articles about cells published between 2004 2022. Analysis was conducted using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R package “bibliometrix” identify publication outputs, countries/regions, institutions, authors/co-cited authors, journals/co-cited journals, co-cited references, keywords. Results: A total 6,703 publications were included The number citations significantly rapidly increased 2022, with most pronounced growth pattern observed period 2008–2009. In terms authoritarian countries, USA had among countries. As institutions prolific institution University South Florida, followed by Oakland then Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Chopp, M. Borlongan, Cesario V, output authors. Regarding Cell Transplantation highest publication, Brain Research . “Mesenchymal as trophic mediators” frequently cited (2,082), article entitled Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors adult brain after strongest burstiness (strength = 81.35). Emerging hot words past decade “adhesion molecule,” “mesenchymal stromal cell,” “extracellular vesicle,” “pluripotent cells,” “signaling pathway,” “plasticity,” “exosomes.” Conclusion: Between “neurogenesis,” “angiogenesis,” “exosomes,” “inflammation,” “oxidative stress” have emerged research areas on stroke. Although exert positive effects, main mechanisms mitigating damage caused are still unknown. Clinical challenges may include complicating factors that can affect efficacy therapy, which worth deep exploration.

Language: Английский

---

Therapeutic Application of Stem Cells in the Repair of Traumatic Brain Injury

Stem Cells and Cloning Advances and Applications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 15, P. 53 - 61

Published: July 1, 2022

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of injury-related deaths and disabilities throughout world, which characterized by a disruption normal physiology following trauma. It can potentially severe complications such as physical, cognitive, emotional impairment. In addition to understanding traumatic pathophysiology, this review explains therapeutic potential stem cells in two pathways: response endogenous neurogenic transplantation exogenous cell therapy. After injuries, clinical evidence indicated that neural progenitor might play an important role regenerative medicine treat injury. This due increased regeneration ability these Besides, has also accelerated immature neuronal development cellular proliferation damaged region. Therefore, better cell's effect on differentiation may help researchers understand how increase functional recovery tissue repair Keywords: injury, therapy, cells, neurogenesis,

Language: Английский

---

Microglia and Stem Cells for Ischemic Stroke Treatment—Mechanisms, Current Status, and Therapeutic Challenges

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(10)

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes death and disability. Since currently used treatment option reperfusion therapy has several limitations, ongoing research focusing on neuroprotective effects microglia stem cells. By exerting bystander effect, secreting exosomes forming biobridges, mesenchymal cells (MSCs), neural (NSCs), induced pluripotent (iPSCs), multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse cells) have been shown to stimulate neurogenesis, angiogenesis, cell migration, reduce neuroinflammation. Exosome-based now being extensively researched due its many advantageous properties over therapy, such as lower immunogenicity, no risk blood vessel occlusion, ease storage modification. However, although preclinical studies promising therapeutic outcomes, clinical trials associated with translational challenges. This review explores preconditioned well various factors secreted in cell-derived extracellular vesicles their mechanisms action explained. Furthermore, an overview presented, explaining main challenges therapies, providing potential solutions. In particular, a highlight use novel Muse cells, which bypasses conventional limitations. The paper concludes suggestions for directions future research.

Language: Английский

---

Stem Cell–Based Therapies via Different Administration Route for Stroke: A Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies

Cell Transplantation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Stroke, a neurological condition from compromised cerebral blood perfusion, remains major global cause of mortality and disability. Conventional therapies like tissue plasminogen activator are limited by narrow therapeutic windows potential adverse effects, highlighting the urgency for novel treatments. Stem cell–based therapies, with their neuroprotective regenerative properties, present promising yet highly diverse alternative. By conducting literature search data extraction PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases, this meta-analysis assessed clinical efficacy safety stem administered via intravenous (IV) non-IV routes in 17 studies stroke patients. Primary outcomes included National Institute Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin (mRS), while secondary events. Results demonstrated significant improvements NIHSS, BI, mRS scores, particularly groups within 6- 12-month follow-ups, suggesting delayed but enhanced efficacy. Mortality was reduced both IV groups, indicating treatment safety. Adverse events, categorized into systemic complications, showed no differences between intervention control further emphasizing cell therapies. Non-IV more long-term benefits, potentially due to delivery integration. These findings demonstrate improve functional recovery survival patients, regardless administration route. However, response underscores need extended follow-up applications. Further research is required standardize protocols, optimize types doses, address patient-specific factors integrate routine practice.

Language: Английский

---

Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Prostate Cancer: Current Insight and Perspective

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Advanced prostate cancer is distinguished by substantial heterogeneity and intricacy, which present challenges in devising effective treatment strategies. The genetic landscape of frequently altered, contributing to the development resistance conventional therapies exacerbating systemic toxicity. These necessitate more targeted efficacious therapeutic modalities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated possess unique properties tumor-homing potential. MSC-derived exosomes reflect molecular composition biological capabilities their parent cells. nanovesicles emerged as a promising platform for drug delivery systems due biocompatibility inherent ability traffic bioactive molecules. Modification loading them with agent or incorporating surface modifications further enhances precision therapy, enabling direct while minimizing off-target effects. Herein, we review effects naïve cancer. Furthermore, explore cancer-specific exosome modifications, emphasizing cargo-loading strategies, particular focus on emerging roles gene sonodynamic vaccine-based therapeutics, potential clinical applications.

Language: Английский

---

Safety and Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Stroke: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 2118 - 2118

Published: March 20, 2025

Background: Although recent advancements in ischemic stroke management have reduced associated mortality rates, there remains a pressing need for more reliable, efficacious, and well-tolerated therapeutic approaches due to the narrow window of current treatment approaches. The meta-analysis sought evaluate safety efficacy stem cell-based options patients with stroke. Methods: PubMed, Web Science, Cochrane library databases were searched retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating cell therapy (SCT) patients. Key outcomes included National Institutes Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin (mRS), Barthel Index (BI), Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA), infarct size, profile. random effects model continuous method was used calculate pooled effect size Review Manager 5.4.1, subgroup analyses performed based on demographics, duration, SCT delivery protocols. Results: A total 18 RCTs involving 1026 analyzed, 538 group 488 control group. mean change NIHSS score comparable between groups [MD = −0.80; 95% CI: −2.25, 0.65, p < 0.0001]. However, showed better mRS −0.56; −0.76, −0.35, 0.30] BI scores 12.00; 4.00, 20.00, 0.007]. Additionally, FMA significantly greater 18.16; 6.58, 29.75, 0.03]. volume also favored 8.89; −5.34, 23.12, 0.08]. profile favorable, adverse event rates or lower than controls. Conclusions: offers safe effective approach improving functional patients, particularly early intervention. These findings highlight potential rehabilitation while underscoring standardized protocols long-term evaluation.

Language: Английский

---

Dexmedetomidine Promotes Angiogenesis After Ischemic Stroke Through the NRF2/HO-1/VEGF Pathway

Neurochemical Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 50(2)

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---