Different storage and freezing protocols for extracellular vesicles: a systematic review

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered promising tools in regenerative medicine. However, the nanoscale properties of EVs make them sensitive to environmental conditions. Optimal storage protocols are crucial for maintaining EV structural, molecular, and functional integrity. This systematic review aimed gather evidence on effects various characteristics A comprehensive search was conducted original studies investigating impacts temperature, freezing techniques, freeze-thaw cycles, stabilizing strategies concentration, size distribution, morphology, cargo content, bioactivity. Results from 50 included were analyzed. Data indicated that rapid procedures constant subzero temperatures (optimally − 80 °C) resulted appropriate quantity preservation. Subjecting multiple cycles decreased particle concentrations, RNA impaired bioactivity, increased aggregation. Electron microscopy revealed vesicle enlargement, fusion, along with membrane deformation after being exposed substandard protocols. The addition stabilizers like trehalose helped maintain Of note, native biofluids offered improved stability over purified buffers. emphasize critical need precise ensure reproducible research outcomes clinical applications. Further using reliable methods necessary create specific guidelines improving

Language: Английский

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Engineering strategies for apoptotic bodies

Smart Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: July 14, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer containing proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites secreted by cells under various physiological pathological conditions that mediate intercellular communication. The main types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies (ABs). ABs released during the terminal stages cellular apoptosis, enriched with diverse biological entities characterized distinct morphological features. As a result, possess great potential in fields like disease diagnosis, immunotherapy, regenerative therapy, drug delivery due to their specificity, targeting capacity, biocompatibility. However, therapeutic efficacy is notably heterogeneous, an overdose can lead side effects such as accumulation liver, spleen, lungs, gastrointestinal system. Through bioengineering, properties be optimized enhance drug-loading efficiency, precision, multifunctionality for clinical implementations. This review focuses on strategies transfection, sonication, electroporation, surface engineering, integration biomaterials enable load cargoes targeting, providing insights into engineering ABs.

Language: Английский

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Cornerstone Cellular Pathways for Metabolic Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus: Non-Coding RNAs, Wnt Signaling, and AMPK

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(22), P. 2595 - 2595

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Metabolic disorders and diabetes (DM) impact more than five hundred million individuals throughout the world are insidious in onset, chronic nature, yield significant disability death. Current therapies that address nutritional status, weight management, pharmacological options may delay but cannot alter disease course or functional organ loss, such as dementia degeneration of systemic bodily functions. Underlying these challenges onset aging associated with increased lifespan, telomere dysfunction, oxidative stress generation lead to multi-system dysfunction. These hurdles point urgent need underlying mechanisms innovative applications. New treatment strategies involve non-coding RNA pathways microRNAs (miRNAs) circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) dependent upon programmed cell death pathways, cellular metabolic AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) nicotinamide, growth factor Non-coding RNAs, AMPK cornerstone for overseeing complex offer avenues DM will necessitate continued appreciation ability each independently unison influence clinical outcome.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of in-vitro immunomodulatory capacity between large and small apoptotic bodies from human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 114480 - 114480

Published: March 18, 2025

Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) apoptosis is essential for their therapeutic effects, including immunomodulation. Previous studies have shown that MSC-derived apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) also possess immunomodulatory properties. However, compared to small extracellular vesicles, the preparation, characterization, and biological properties of ApoBDs remain underexplored. were isolated from conditioned medium staurosporine-induced human MSCs categorized into large (∼700 nm) (∼500 groups. Both types expressed CD90, CD44, CD73, with low levels PD-L1, CD11b, HLA-DR, mirroring parental MSCs. Functional assays revealed both inhibited allogeneic T-cell proliferation, demonstrating superior efficacy. In macrophage co-culture experiments, polarized M1 macrophages toward an M2-like phenotype, more effectively upregulating CD163 expression. Additionally, suppressed proliferation murine primary T cells. Furthermore, exhibited enhanced uptake, as confirmed by flow cytometry immunocytochemistry. Importantly, no cytotoxicity was observed either ApoBD type following staurosporine treatment. Staurosporine-induced are non-cytotoxic exhibit significant potential in vitro. Large effective than suppression M2 polarization, suggesting alternative MSC-based therapies future studies.

Language: Английский

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UHPLC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic strategy to reveal the metabolic differences between cisplatin first- and second-generation apoptotic bodies from HK-2 cells

Microchemical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 200, P. 110406 - 110406

Published: March 23, 2024

During the process of programmed cell death (apoptosis), disassembly apoptotic cells gives rise to bodies (ABs) which play an important role in pathogenesis different diseases. ABs from renal human proximal tubular HK-2 on naïve was not always same: directly generated after exposure epithelial chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (1st generation ABs) triggered apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, whereas induced by 1st (2nd enhanced proliferation. To shed light mechanisms involved these disparate ABs' effects, a study changes metabolome 2nd produced setting performed reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC-MS) untargeted metabolomic approach. Thus, fluid extracellular were analyzed obtain as much information possible metabolites vesicles. Principal components analysis partial least square discriminant conducted find statistically significant differences between both groups. A good clustering each group observed variable importance projection values selected choose molecular features identified according Metabolomics Standard Initiative (MSI) guidelines. Finally, biological relevance achieved results discussed.

Language: Английский

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Tailoring of apoptotic bodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications:advances, challenges, and prospects

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are extracellular vesicles released during apoptosis and possess diverse biological activities. Initially, ABs were regarded as garbage bags with the main function of apoptotic cell clearance. Recent research has found that carry deliver various agents taken by surrounding distant cells, affecting functions behavior. ABs-mediated intercellular communications involved in physiological processes including anti-inflammation tissue regeneration well pathogenesis a variety diseases cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, inflammatory diseases. fluids can be used window altered cellular states which applied diagnosis prognosis The structural constituent versatility provides flexibility for tailoring according to disease diagnostic therapeutic needs. An in-depth understanding ABs' constituents is mandatory effective modification bio membrane cargo constituents. approaches physical, chemical, biological, genetic have been proposed bench-to-bed translation diagnosis, prognosis, therapy. This review summarizes updates on approaches, discusses existing challenges, speculates prospects applications.

Language: Английский

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Proteomic characterization of extracellular vesicles in programmed cell death

PROTEOMICS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(11)

Published: March 15, 2024

Abstract Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental biological process that plays critical role in development, differentiation, and homeostasis. The secretion uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs) one the important regulatory mechanisms for PCD. EVs are natural membrane structures secreted by cells contain variety proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, other bioactive molecules. Due to their roles intercellular communication disease progression, there great interest studying cargo. Different protein components sorted packaged EVs, allowing perform functions. study EV proteomics helps us understand PCD development diseases. Meanwhile, powerful tool composition function which assists identification, quantification, profiling provides insight into molecular involved related In this review, we summarize characteristics different types PCD, compare proteomic strategies discuss impact on regulation during its pathogenesis

Language: Английский

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Delivery of exogenous miR-19b by Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells attenuates transplanted kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cellular metabolism

Drug Delivery and Translational Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Quantification of relevant metabolites in apoptotic bodies from HK-2 cells by targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Analytica Chimica Acta, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1329, P. 343190 - 343190

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Efeitos da hidroxiapatita (CaHA) e do ácido poli-lático (PDLA) na bioestimulação de fibroblastos: uma análise metabolômica, citotóxica e de citocinas sob a influência da terapia com ozônio

Published: July 29, 2024

analysis indicated significant activation of inflammatory and collagen synthesis pathways in HFF-1 cells treated with CaHA, PDLA, ozone.Elevated levels metabolites such as D-Pantothenic acid N-(1-Deoxy-1-fructosyl)leucine suggest enhanced biosynthetic activity oxidative stress responses, contributing to production tissue renewal.The study concludes that CaHA particularly when combined ozone, have potential therapeutic applications enhancing skin regeneration combating signs aging.

Language: Английский

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