Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism: a link between the gut and brain for depression in inflammatory bowel disease

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: June 14, 2021

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which mainly includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's (CD), is a group of chronic diseases that are characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools. IBD strongly associated with depression, its patients have higher incidence depression than the general population. Depression also adversely affects quality life prognosis IBD. The tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway degrades more 90% tryptophan (TRP) throughout body, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), key enzyme, being activated in inflammatory environment. A series metabolites neurologically active, among kynerunic acid (KYNA) quinolinic (QUIN) molecules great interest recent studies on mechanisms inflammation-induced depression. In this review, relationship between overviewed light publications.

Language: Английский

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Clinical, gut microbial and neural effects of a probiotic add-on therapy in depressed patients: a randomized controlled trial

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 3, 2022

Abstract A promising new treatment approach for major depressive disorder (MDD) targets the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, which is linked to physiological and behavioral functions affected in MDD. This first randomized controlled trial determine whether short-term, high-dose probiotic supplementation reduces symptoms along with gut microbial neural changes depressed patients. Patients current episodes took either a multi-strain supplement or placebo over 31 days additionally treatment-as-usual. Assessments place before, immediately after again four weeks intervention. The Hamilton Depression Rating Sale (HAM-D) was assessed as primary outcome. Quantitative microbiome profiling neuroimaging used detect MGB axis. In sample that completed intervention (probiotics N = 21, 26), HAM-D scores decreased time interactions between group indicated stronger decrease probiotics relative group. Probiotics maintained diversity increased abundance of genus Lactobacillus , indicating effectivity increase specific taxa. associated Finally, putamen activation response neutral faces significantly Our data imply an add-on ameliorates microbiota brain, highlights role axis MDD emphasizes potential microbiota-related approaches accessible, pragmatic, non-stigmatizing therapies Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02957591.

Language: Английский

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Acceptability, Tolerability, and Estimates of Putative Treatment Effects of Probiotics as Adjunctive Treatment in Patients With Depression

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 80(8), P. 842 - 842

Published: June 14, 2023

The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a promising target for novel treatments mood disorders, such as probiotics. However, few clinical trials have been conducted, and further safety efficacy data are needed to support this treatment approach.To provide acceptability tolerability estimates of intervention effect size probiotics adjunctive patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).In single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot randomized trial, adults aged 18 55 years MDD taking antidepressant medication but having an incomplete response were studied. A random sample was recruited from primary secondary care services general advertising in London, United Kingdom. Data collected between September 2019 May 2022 analyzed July 2022.Multistrain probiotic (8 billion colony-forming units per day) or placebo daily 8 weeks added ongoing medication.The outcomes the trial retention, acceptability, tolerability, putative on symptoms (depression: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HAMD-17] Inventory Depressive Symptomatology [IDS] scores; anxiety: Anxiety [HAMA] General Disorder [GAD-7] scores) be used indicators definitive trial.Of 50 included participants, 49 received intent-to-treat analyses; these, 39 (80%) female, mean (SD) age 31.7 (9.8) years. total 24 25 placebo. Attrition 8% (1 group 3 group), adherence 97.2%, there no serious adverse reactions. For group, HAMD-17 scores at 4 11.00 (5.13) 8.83 (4.28), respectively; IDS, 30.17 (11.98) 25.04 (11.68); HAMA, 11.71 (5.86) 8.17 (4.68); GAD-7, 7.78 (4.12) 7.63 (4.77). 14.04 (3.70) 11.09 (3.22), 33.82 (9.26) 29.64 (9.31); 14.70 (5.47) 10.95 (4.48); 10.91 (5.32) 9.48 (5.18). Standardized sizes (SES) linear mixed models demonstrated that attained greater improvements according (week 4: SES, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.01-0.98) IDS Self Report 8: 0.64; 0.03-0.87) well anxiety HAMA 0.67; 0-0.95; week 0.79; 0.06-1.05), not GAD-7 0.57; -0.01 0.82; 0.32; -0.19 0.65), compared group.The estimated key encourage investigation add-on people trial.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03893162.

Language: Английский

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Effect of short-term, high-dose probiotic supplementation on cognition, related brain functions and BDNF in patients with depression: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. E23 - E33

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Background:

In major depressive disorder (MDD), cognitive dysfunctions strongly contribute to functional impairments but are barely addressed in current therapies. Novel treatment strategies addressing symptoms depression needed. As the gut microbiota–brain axis is linked and cognition, we investigated effect of a 4-week high-dose probiotic supplementation on depression.

Methods:

This randomized controlled trial included 60 patients with MDD, whom 43 entered modified intention-to-treat analysis. A supplement or indistinguishable placebo containing maltose was administered over 31 days addition as usual for Participant scores Verbal Learning Memory Test (VLMT), Corsi Block Tapping Test, both Trail Making versions well brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were assessed at 3 different time points: before, immediately after 4 weeks intervention. Additionally, brain activation changes during working memory processing before

Results:

We found significantly improved immediate recall VLMT group intervention, trend × interaction considering all points. Furthermore, hippocampus processing, revealing remediated function group. Other measures did not reveal significant changes.

Limitations:

The modest sample size resulting from our exclusion low-compliant cases should be considered.

Conclusion:

Additional enhances verbal episodic affects neural mechanisms underlying impaired cognition MDD. present findings support importance MDD emphasize potential microbiota-related regimens treat

Clinical registration:

clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02957591.

Language: Английский

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Probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic and fermented food supplementation in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of clinical trials

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 105561 - 105561

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or fermented foods can modulate the gut-brain axis and constitute a potentially therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders. This systematic review aims to identify current evidence regarding these interventions treatment patients with DSM/ICD diagnoses. Forty-seven articles from 42 studies met inclusion criteria. Risk bias was assessed all included studies. Major depression most studied disorder (n=19 studies). Studies frequently focused on schizophrenia (n=11) bipolar (n=5) there were limited anorexia nervosa (n=4), ADHD (n=3), Tourette (n=1), insomnia PTSD (n=1) generalized anxiety (n=1). Except MDD, does not clarify role probiotics prebiotics mental illness. Several point an improvement immune inflammatory profile (e.g. CRP, IL6), which may be relevant mechanism action response identified Future research should consider lifestyle dietary habits as possible confounders that influence inter-individual response.

Language: Английский

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“Inflamed” depression: A review of the interactions between depression and inflammation and current anti-inflammatory strategies for depression

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 207, P. 107322 - 107322

Published: July 20, 2024

Depression is a common mental disorder, the effective treatment of which remains challenging issue worldwide. The clinical pathogenesis depression has been deeply explored, leading to formulation various pathogenic hypotheses. Among these, monoamine neurotransmitter hypothesis holds prominent position, yet it significant limitations as more than one-third patients do not respond conventional treatments targeting transmission disturbances. Over past few decades, growing body research highlighted link between inflammation and potential key factor in pathophysiology depression. In this review, we first summarize relationship depression, with focus on pathophysiological changes mediated by mechanisms linking well multiple anti-inflammatory strategies are also discussed, their efficacy safety assessed. This review broadens perspective specific aspects using for treating laying groundwork advancing precision medicine individuals suffering from "inflamed"

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Role and Potential of Probiotics in the Field of Mental Health: Major Depressive Disorder

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1728 - 1728

Published: May 20, 2021

The field of probiotic has been exponentially expanding over the recent decades with a more therapeutic-centered research. Probiotics mediated microbiota modulation within microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) have proven to be beneficial in various health domains through pre-clinical and clinical studies. In context mental health, although research is still its infancy stage, promising role potential probiotics disorders demonstrated via in-vivo in-vitro studies laid strong foundation for translating preclinical models humans. exploration therapeutic major depressive disorder (MDD) an extremely noteworthy possible etio-pathological mechanisms depression involving inflammation, neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) epigenetic potentially benefit from intervention. Probiotics, both as adjunct antidepressants or stand-alone intervention, mitigating anti-depressive effects, confers some advantages compared conventional treatments using anti-depressants.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota and depressive symptoms across ethnic groups

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Dec. 6, 2022

The gut microbiome is thought to play a role in depressive disorders, which makes it an attractive target for interventions. Both the and symptom levels vary substantially across ethnic groups. Thus, any intervention depression targeting requires understanding of microbiome-depression associations ethnicities. Analysing data from HELIUS cohort, we characterize microbiota its with symptoms 6 groups (Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Ghanaian, Turkish, Moroccan; N = 3211), living same urban area. Diversity microbiota, both within (α-diversity) between individuals (β-diversity), predicts levels, taking into account demographic, behavioural, medical differences. These do not differ Further, β-diversity explains 29%-18% differences symptoms. Bacterial genera associated belong mulitple families, prominently including families Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae. In summary, results show that are linked this association generalizes Moreover, suggest may partly explain parallel disparities depression.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics as an effective therapeutic approach in alleviating depression symptoms: an umbrella meta-analysis

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(26), P. 8292 - 8300

Published: March 29, 2022

Growing evidence has suggested that the consumption of probiotics can decrease depressive symptoms. However, even results meta-analyses are conflicting. In this regard, we performed an umbrella meta-analysis and proposed decisive impacts on The following international databases were searched up to July 2021: PubMed/Medline, Web Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar. Meta-analyses investigating impact supplementation depression symptoms in adults included. According studies, random-effects model was used perform analysis. Subgroup analysis by dosage probiotics, duration total sample size. Publication bias assessed using Egger's, Begg's visual inspection funnel plot. Ten (n = 8886 participants) included study. pooled data indicated probiotic significantly reduced (ES= −1.41; 95% CI: −2.53, −0.30, p 0.016; I2 99.4, <0.001). studies with intervention >8 weeks >10 × 109 CFU demonstrated a more robust effect decreasing There also significant between-study heterogeneity which identified as source it. present suggest administration for relieving CFU.

Language: Английский

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A Microbial-Based Approach to Mental Health: The Potential of Probiotics in the Treatment of Depression

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1382 - 1382

Published: March 13, 2023

Probiotics are currently the subject of intensive research pursuits and also represent a multi-billion-dollar global industry given their vast potential to improve human health. In addition, mental health represents key domain healthcare, which has limited, adverse-effect prone treatment options, probiotics may hold be novel, customizable for depression. Clinical depression is common, potentially debilitating condition that amenable precision psychiatry-based approach utilizing probiotics. Although our understanding not yet reached sufficient level, this could therapeutic can tailored specific individuals with own unique set characteristics issues. Scientifically, use as valid basis rooted in microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) mechanisms, play role pathophysiology theory, appear ideal adjunct therapeutics major depressive disorder (MDD) stand-alone mild MDD revolutionize disorders. there wide range an almost limitless combinations, review aims narrow focus most widely commercialized studied strains, namely Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium, bring together arguments usage patients (MDD). Clinicians, scientists, industrialists critical stakeholders exploring groundbreaking concept.

Language: Английский

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