The gut microbiome, endocannabinoids and metabolic disorders

Journal of Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 248(2), P. R83 - R97

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

Two complex systems are emerging as being deeply involved in the control of energy metabolism. The intestinal microbiota, with its warehouse genes, proteins and small molecules, that is, gut microbiome; endocannabinoid system, recent extension to a more signalling apparatus including than 100 lipid mediators 50 proteins, endocannabinoidome. Both can become perturbed following bad dietary habits during obesity, thus contributing exacerbating this latter condition consequences both peripheral organs brain. Here, we discuss some multifaceted aspects regulation dysregulation microbiome endocannabinoidome metabolism metabolic disorders, special emphasis on functional interactions between two systems. potential exploitation new knowledge for development pharmacological nutritional approaches against obesity is also briefly touched upon.

Language: Английский

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The endocannabinoidome as a substrate for noneuphoric phytocannabinoid action and gut microbiome dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 259 - 269

Published: Sept. 30, 2020

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system encompasses the eCBs anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, their anabolic/catabolic enzymes, cannabinoid CB1 CB2 receptors. Its expansion to include several eCB-like lipid mediators, metabolic molecular targets, forms endocannabinoidome (eCBome). This complex signaling is deeply involved in onset, progress, symptoms of major neuropsychiatric disorders provides a substrate for future therapeutic drugs against these diseases. Such may not only THC, psychotropic component cannabis, but also other, noneuphoric plant cannabinoids. These compounds, unlike possess wide window, possibly due capability hitting eCBome non-eCBome particularly true cannabidiol, which one most studied cannabinoids shows promise treatment range mental mood disorders. plays role microbiota-gut-brain axis, emerging as an important actor control affective cognitive functions pathological alterations.

Language: Английский

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Beneficial Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPARα Agonists

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 185 - 185

Published: Jan. 19, 2021

Akkermansia muciniphila is considered as one of the next-generation beneficial bacteria in context obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Although a first proof-of-concept its effects has been established syndrome humans, mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering whether bacterium exerts properties through modulation endocannabinoidome (eCBome). Circulating levels 25 endogenous endocannabinoid-related lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) plasma overweight or obese individuals before after 3 months intervention consisting daily ingestion either alive pasteurized A. muciniphila. Results from multivariate analyses suggested that linked to an overall modification eCBome. However, subsequent univariate analysis showed decrease 1-Palmitoyl-glycerol (1-PG) 2-Palmitoyl-glycerol (2-PG), two eCBome lipids, observed placebo group was significantly counteracted bacterium, lower extent form. We also discovered 1- 2-PG activators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). hypothesize PPARα activation mono-palmitoyl-glycerols may underlie part induced human syndrome.

Language: Английский

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Compendium of naringenin: potential sources, analytical aspects, chemistry, nutraceutical potentials and pharmacological profile

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(27), P. 8868 - 8899

Published: March 31, 2022

Naringenin is flavorless, water insoluble active principle belonging to flavanone subclass. It exhibits a diverse pharmacological profile as well divine nutraceutical values. Although several researchers have explored this phytoconstituent evaluate its promising properties, still it has not gained recognition at therapeutic levels and more clinical investigations are required. Also the neutraceutical potential limited marketed formulations. This compilation includes description of reported potentials naringenin in variety pathological conditions alongwith underlying mechanisms. Details various analytical carried on molecule been provided along with brief chemistry structural activity relationship. In end, patents filed trial data provided. revealed activities including cardiovascular diseases, neuroprotection, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory anti-platelet activity. form nanoformulations, co-crystals, solid dispersions, tablets, capsules inclusion complexes. also available herbal formulations supplement. There some pharmacokinetic issue like poor absorption low dissolution rate. these issues sorted out upto certain extent further research investigate bioavailability from supplements efficacy essential.

Language: Английский

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Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Metabolic Control Processes and in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome: An Update

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 306 - 306

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

Metabolic syndrome is a complex disease state, which appears mostly as consequence of an unhealthy, sedentary lifestyle. complications include insulin resistance (IR), diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, impairing life standards reducing expectancy. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has important role in signalization processes, not only the central nervous system, but also peripheral tissues. Several physiological functions are affected, overexpression or downregulation contributes to several diseases. A better understanding cannabinoid (CB) receptors may propose potential therapeutic effects by influencing receptor signaling enzymes involved downstream pathways. In this review, we summarize recent information regarding roles ECS CB1 physiology pathophysiology energy metabolic homeostasis, development obesity enhancing food intake, upregulating balance fat accumulation, increasing lipogenesis glucose production, sensitivity secretion. By analyzing pathophysiological mechanisms, introduce some recently identified pathways mechanism pathogenesis syndrome. Our review emphasizes that presence such steps raises new treatment diseases resistance, obesity, hypertension.

Language: Английский

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Associations between insulin resistance and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 23, 2021

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), determine risk factors for IR GDM. Methods employed a retrospective survey of 710 diagnosed Serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum protein were measured first trimester (6–12 weeks), OGTT tests performed second (24–28 weeks). These results then used evaluate by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). When HOMA-IR ≥ 2.0, was diagnosed. The analyzed logistic regression model, multiple stepwise analyze IR. Results significantly increasd hypertensive disorders large age (LGA) ( OR = 5.31, 95%CI :1.87,15.10; 1.65, :1.10, 2.48, respectively) GDM, but not cesarean section, premature delivery, rupture membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, macrosomia SGA. Compared normal groups, greater body mass index (BMI) before category (overweight or obesity group) associated higher trimester, (95% CI) 4.09 (2.65, 6.30) 6.52 (2.99, 14.20). And level FPG 1.63, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.40), TG 1.32, 1.08, 1.63) weight gain diagnosis GDM 1.02, 1.15) also while 0.94, : 0.90, 0.98)was weak protective factor Conclusion increased outcomes, especially LGA. In addition, FPG, HbA1c, early pregnancy, pre-pregnant BMI all independent

Language: Английский

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Advances in Technologies for Highly Active Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Krill Oil: Clinical Applications

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 306 - 306

Published: May 26, 2021

Euphausia superba, commonly known as krill, is a small marine crustacean from the Antarctic Ocean that plays an important role in ecosystem, serving feed for most fish. It source of highly bioavailable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). In preclinical studies, krill oil showed metabolic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective chemo preventive effects, while clinical trials it significant vascular ergogenic actions. Solvent extraction conventional method to obtain oil. However, different solvents must be used extract all lipids because diversity polarities lipid compounds biomass. This review aims provide overview chemical composition, bioavailability bioaccessibility oil, well mechanisms action, classic non-conventional techniques, health benefits current applications this crustacean.

Language: Английский

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Phytocannabinoids and schizophrenia: Focus on adolescence as a critical window of enhanced vulnerability and opportunity for treatment

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 174, P. 105938 - 105938

Published: Oct. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Targeting the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 5 - 25

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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(Wh)olistic (E)ndocannabinoidome-Microbiome-Axis Modulation through (N)utrition (WHEN) to Curb Obesity and Related Disorders

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Abstract The discovery of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) is evolving gradually with yet to be elucidated functional lipid mediators and receptors. diet modulates these bioactive lipids gut microbiome, both working in an entwined alliance. Mounting evidence suggests that, different ways a certain specialisation, signalling such as N -acylethanolamines (NAEs), 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs), -acyl-amino acids (NAAs), along endocannabinoids (eCBs), can modulate physiological mechanisms underpinning appetite, food intake, macronutrient metabolism, pain sensation, blood pressure, mood, cognition, immunity. This knowledge has been primarily utilised pharmacology medicine develop many drugs targeting fine specific molecular pathways orchestrating eCB eCBome activity. Conversely, contribution dietary NAEs, 2-MAGs eCBs biological functions molecules little studied. In this review, we discuss importance (Wh) olistic (E)ndocannabinoidome-Microbiome-Axis Modulation through (N) utrition (WHEN), management obesity related disorders.

Language: Английский

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