The challenges associated with a ketogenic diet: a narrative review DOI Creative Commons
Xin Qi, Richard F. Tester

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The so-called ‘ketogenic diet’ aimed to limit energy derived from carbohydrates, has many variations which cause confusion in the literature and beyond. For ‘intractable’ epilepsy (when seizures cannot be managed completely by drug therapy, also referred as ‘refractory’, ‘uncontrolled’ or ‘drug-resistant’ epilepsy) dietary fat carbohydrate plus protein ratio is held at a of 4:1 3:1. Thus promoting metabolism ketone bodies primary source. This intervention limits glucose availability consequently neural ‘excitability’ seizures. Overall, diet high-fat, low-carbohydrate, restricted design. generally accepted clinical approach (which based on essentially fasting, historically) was applied recorded back 1920s (for patient with diabetic ketoacidosis). That observation (and others) initiated applications for thereafter (or perhaps parallel with) both (i) weight management (especially ‘Atkin’s diet) (ii) enhanced sport performance. Products loss tend high-fat but not ratios anticipated seizure management, where, perhaps, brands have been developed that are more cognisant consumer demands desirable sensory characteristics than specific nutrient ratios. Whilst ketogenic type diets discussed context different within literature, challenges associated making utilising products applications/needs (with compliance) addressed. review addresses some creating consuming products, especially restrict control carbohydrates. It aims contextualise issues faced this significance individuals interested regulation, most health professionals people involved nutrition.

Language: Английский

Bigels as novel carriers of bioactive compounds: Applications and research trends DOI

Behnaz Hashemi,

Elham Assadpour, Seid Mahdi Jafari

et al.

Food Hydrocolloids, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 109427 - 109427

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

17
The isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis: A biochemical and histological investigation DOI Open Access
Lorenzo Flori, Giulia Lazzarini, Jacopo Spezzini

et al.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 174, P. 116534 - 116534

Published: April 1, 2024

The isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis is considered a reliable and repeatable experimental model characterized by relatively low mortality rate. Although well-known that ISO stimulates the β1 adrenergic receptors at level, high degree of heterogeneity emerges around doses duration treatment generating unclear results. Therefore, we propose to gain insights into progression ISO-induced fibrosis, in order critically analyze optimize model. Male Wistar rats (12–14-week-old) were submitted subcutaneous injection ISO, particular, two selected: commonly used dose 5 mg/kg lower 1 mg/kg, administered for 3 6 days. Biochemical histological examinations conducted either immediately after last administration or recovering period 7 14 days from initial administration. Noteworthy, our investigation emerged even was able induce maximal biochemical alterations, suggesting should be control damage more precisely identify prodromic phase which intervention with pharmacological nutraceutical tools can effectively attempted.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Cystic fibrosis and fat malabsorption: Pathophysiology of the cystic fibrosis gastrointestinal tract and the impact of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy DOI Open Access
Catherine M. McDonald, Elizabeth K. Reid,

John F. Pohl

et al.

Nutrition in Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(S1)

Published: March 1, 2024

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive, genetic, multi-organ disease affecting the respiratory, digestive, endocrine, and reproductive systems. CF can affect any aspect of gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, liver, gall bladder. GI pathophysiology associated with results from membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. The majority people (pwCF) experience exocrine pancreatic insufficiency resulting in malabsorption nutrients malnutrition. Additionally, other factors cause or worsen fat malabsorption, potential for short gut syndrome history meconium ileus, hepatobiliary diseases, disrupted intraluminal factors, such as inadequate bile salts, abnormal pH, intestinal microbiome changes, bacterial overgrowth. Signs symptoms abdominal pain, bloating, malodorous flatus, gastroesophageal reflux, nausea, anorexia, steatorrhea, constipation, distal obstruction syndrome, are seen pwCF despite use enzyme replacement therapy. Given association poor nutrition status lung function decline increased mortality, aggressive support essential care to optimize growth children achieve maintain healthy body mass index adults. introduction highly effective CFTR modulator therapy advances have profoundly changed course management. However, some may persist. current knowledge tract well appropriate, individualized management continue be integral components pwCF.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Sea Buckthorn Polyphenols Alleviate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice via Reprograming Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis Owing to Directly Targeting Fatty Acid Synthase DOI

L. Yuan,

Wanlin Zhang,

Wenxiu Fang

et al.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72(15), P. 8632 - 8649

Published: April 5, 2024

Our previous studies found that Sea Buckthorn polyphenols (SBP) extract inhibits fatty acid synthase (FAS) in vitro. Thus, we continued to explore possible effects and underlying mechanisms of SBP on complicated metabolic disorders long-term high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. To reveal that, an integrated approach was developed this study. Targeted quantitative lipidomics with a total 904 unique lipids mapping contributes profiling the comprehensive features disarranged hepatic lipid homeostasis discovering set newfound lipid-based biomarkers predict occurrence indicate progression beyond current indicators. On other hand, technologies intermolecular interactions characterization, especially surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, contribute recognizing targeted bioactive constituents present SBP. findings highlight maintenance constituent–FAS enzyme interactions, provide new insights as functional food alleviates HFD-induced mice via reprograming caused by targeting FAS, owing four directly interacting FAS cinaroside binding good affinity.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Diet Regulation of Long-Chain PUFA Synthesis: Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Polyphenols on Δ-5/Δ-6 Desaturases and Elongases 2/5 DOI Creative Commons
Melissa González-Soto, David M. Mutch

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 980 - 994

Published: Oct. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Hyperandrogenism Mediate the Link between Poor Diet Quality and Ovarian Dysmorphology in Reproductive-Aged Women DOI Open Access
Maryam Kazemi, Brittany Y Jarrett, Heidi Vanden Brink

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1953 - 1953

Published: June 30, 2020

The relationship between diet quality and ovarian morphology has biological plausibility yet remains unclear was therefore evaluated. In a multicenter cross-sectional analysis, four dietary patterns were scored for 111 consecutive reproductive-aged women (18–45 years) using (1) Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015); (2) alternative HEI-2010; (3) alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED); (4) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) indices. Ovarian volume (OV) follicle number per ovary (FNPO) evaluated on transvaginal ultrasonography. Relationships indices by linear regression mediation analyses. Associations aMED DASH scores OV/FNPO completely mediated obesity, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism (All: p < 0.05), unlike direct associations ≥ 0.89). Namely, 1-standard deviation [SD] increase in score associated with decreases OV (0.09 SD; 0.4 mL) through reducing waist circumference. Likewise, 1 SD (0.07 0.3 glucose response 75 g tolerance test. A decreased FNPO 2 follicles) free androgen index 0.05). Adherence eating plans indirectly significant improvements form, providing novel mechanistic insights future interventions about contributions of function.

Language: Английский

Citations

40
Macronutrient Determinants of Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Health DOI Creative Commons
Jibran A. Wali, Samantha M. Solon‐Biet, Therese Freire

et al.

Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 336 - 336

Published: April 16, 2021

Obesity caused by the overconsumption of calories has increased to epidemic proportions. Insulin resistance is often associated with an adiposity and a precipitating factor in development cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, altered metabolic health. Of various factors contributing impairments, nutrition major modifiable that can be targeted counter rising prevalence obesity diseases. However, macronutrient composition nutritionally balanced “healthy diet” are unclear, so far, no tested dietary intervention been successful achieving long-term compliance reductions body weight beneficial health outcomes. In current review, we briefly describe role three macronutrients, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, their health, provide mechanistic insights. We also discuss how integrated multi-dimensional approach nutritional science could help reconciling apparently conflicting findings.

Language: Английский

Citations

40
Anti-depressive-like and cognitive impairment alleviation effects of Gastrodia elata Blume water extract is related to gut microbiome remodeling in ApoE−/− mice exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress DOI

Huai‐Syuan Huang,

Yu‐En Lin, Suraphan Panyod

et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 302, P. 115872 - 115872

Published: Nov. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

26
An integrative approach to dietary balance across the life course DOI Creative Commons
David Raubenheimer, Alistair M. Senior, Christen K. Mirth

et al.

iScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 104315 - 104315

Published: April 28, 2022

Animals require specific blends of nutrients that vary across the life course and with circumstances, e.g., health activity levels. Underpinning complicating these requirements is individual traits may be optimized on different dietary compositions leading to nutrition-mediated trade-offs among outcomes. Additionally, food environment constrain which nutrient mixtures are achievable. Natural selection has equipped animals for solving such multi-dimensional, dynamic challenges nutrition, but little understood about details their theoretical practical implications. We present an integrative framework, nutritional geometry, models complex interactions in context multiple levels biological organization (e.g., cellular, individual, population) analysis mechanistic, developmental, ecological, evolutionary). The framework generalizable situations taxa. illustrate this using examples spanning insects primates settings (laboratory, wild), demonstrate its relevance human health.

Language: Английский

Citations

24
The Implication of Physiological Ketosis on The Cognitive Brain: A Narrative Review DOI Open Access
Mansour Altayyar, Jennifer A. Nasser,

D. Thomopoulos

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 513 - 513

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Optimal cognitive functions are necessary for activities of daily living and self-independence. Cognitive abilities acquired during early childhood as part progressive neurodevelopmental milestones; unfortunately, regressive changes can occur physiological aging, or more ominously, pathological diseases, such Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cases AD its milder subset, mild impairment (MCI), rising would impose a burdensome impact beyond the individual level. Various dietary nutritional approaches have potential promising results in managing deterioration. Glucose is core source bioenergy body; however, glucose brain metabolism could be affected aging cells due to development. Ketone bodies an efficient alternate fuel that compensate deficient glycolytic upon their supra-physiologic availability blood (ketosis), which, turn, promote benefits tackle progression. In this review, we describe ketogenic produce healthy individuals, well those with MCI AD. Neurophysiological response ketosis through neuroimaging modalities also described review provide insight into effect on outside framework purely molecular explanations.

Language: Английский

Citations

23