Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 2749 - 2749

Published: June 14, 2023

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy and high-fructose products. present review aims to describe the effect on metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status; impact gut microbiota mitochondrial fitness; cardiovascular health, mental cancer; sanitary cost diet. To achieve this goal, consensus critical was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, secondary including bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, Web were used complete assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental “metabolism” used. following exclusion criteria applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane review’s focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings conferences, unpublished studies. This information will allow for better comprehension nutritional behavior its an individual’s metabolism well national systems. Finally, practical applications derived from are made.

Language: Английский

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Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1239 - 1285

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(6)

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

The gut microbiota and its homeostasis play a crucial role in human health. However, for some diseases related to the microbiota, current traditional medicines can only relieve symptoms, it is difficult solve root causes or even cause side effects like disturbances microbiota. Increasing clinical studies evidences have demonstrated that probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics prevent treat various diseases, but currently they be used as dietary supplements rather than medicines, which restricts application of probiotics field medicine. Here, this review analyzes importance health problems systematically summarizes effectiveness mechanisms maintaining treating based on animal models trials. And research outcomes development trends field, challenges prospects their health, alleviating are analyzed. It hoped promote disease treatment open up new frontiers probiotic research.

Language: Английский

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The Connection Between Physical Exercise and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Competitive Sports Athletes

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(10), P. 2355 - 2369

Published: May 21, 2022

Abstract Gut microbiota refers to those microorganisms in the human digestive tract that display activities fundamental life. With at least 4 million different bacterial types, gut is composed of bacteria are present levels sixfold greater than total number cells entire body. Among its multiple functions, helps promote bioavailability some nutrients and metabolization food, protects intestinal mucosa from aggression pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, by stimulating production mediators able reach central nervous system (gut/brain axis), participates modulation moods behaviors. Several endogenous exogenous factors can cause dysbiosis with important consequences on composition functions microbiota. Recent research underlines importance appropriate physical activity (such as sports), nutrition, a healthy lifestyle ensure presence functional physiological working maintain health whole organism. Indeed, addition bowel disturbances, variations qualitative quantitative microbial gastrointestinal might have systemic negative effects. Here, we review recent studies effects aim identifying potential mechanisms which exercise could affect function. Whether variable work intensity reflect changes analyzed.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota’s role in health and diseases

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(28), P. 36967 - 36983

Published: May 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Health and Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 2150 - 2150

Published: April 29, 2023

The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is plant-based and consists of multiple daily portions vegetables, fruit, cereals, olive oil. Although there are challenges with isolating the MD from typical lifestyle culture (including prolonged ‘social’ meals siestas), much evidence supports health benefits that include improved longevity, reduced metabolic risk Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, malignancy cardiovascular disease, cognitive function. also associated characteristic modifications to gut microbiota, mediated through its constituent parts (primarily dietary fibres, extra virgin oil, polyunsaturated fatty acids [including ω-3]). These enhanced growth species produce short-chain (butyrate), such as Clostridium leptum Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, Firmicutes Blautia species. Such changes in microbiota known be favourably inflammatory oxidative status, propensity for overall health. A key challenge future explore extent which by microbiota. confers both environmental benefits. Adoption should perhaps encouraged facilitated more generally not just restricted populations regions. However, this approach limited perennial availability some non-Mediterranean regions, intolerability a high-fibre diet people, potential cultural disconnects juxtapose traditional Western) diets MD.

Language: Английский

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Update on the gut microbiome in health and diseases

World Journal of Methodology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 7, 2024

The Human Microbiome Project, Earth and next-generation sequencing have advanced novel genome association, host genetic linkages, pathogen identification. microbiome is the sum of microbes, their information, ecological niche. This study will describe how millions bacteria in gut affect human body health disease. changes relation with age, an increase

Language: Английский

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Optimal Diet Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance

Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 20 - 31

Published: Oct. 27, 2020

Obesity has become one of the most important public health problems worldwide, which suggests need for evidence-based dietary strategies weight loss and its maintenance. Weight management depends upon complex factors such as amount food eaten, type timing meals. In this review, we identified based on these three components. An energy deficit is factor in loss. A low-calorie diet with a low fat or carbohydrate content been recommended; however, some cases, very-low-calorie required short period. Some macronutrient composition-based diets, ketogenic high-protein diet, could be considered although potential risks long-term effectiveness remain unknown. Meal also an management, higher-calorie breakfasts combination overnight fasting may help to prevent obesity. Our review indicated that there no single best strategy management. Hence, maintenance should individualized, healthcare providers must choose patient preferences.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Lifestyle and Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition, Inflammation and Muscle Performance in Our Aging Society

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 2045 - 2045

Published: June 15, 2021

Living longer is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, including impairments the musculoskeletal and immune system as well metabolic disorders certain cancers, each which can negatively affect relationship between host microbiota up to occurrence dysbiosis. On other hand, lifestyle factors, regular physical exercise a healthy diet, skeletal muscle aging positively at all ages. Accordingly, health benefits could partly depend on effect such interventions that influence biodiversity functionality intestinal microbiota. In present review, we first discuss physiological effects gut microbiota, system, muscle. Secondly, describe human epidemiological evidence about associations activity fitness composition in older adults. The third part highlights relevance restorative mechanisms protection through specific during aging. Fourth, important research findings protein nutrients performance Finally, provide nutritional recommendations prevent malnutrition support active focus Key nutrition-related concerns include need for adequate energy intake preventing low mass higher demand (e.g., dietary fiber, polyphenols polyunsaturated fatty acids) modify composition, diversity, capacity may thus practical means enhancing systemic function.

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory bowel disease: tri-directional relationship between microbiota, immune system and intestinal epithelium

Critical Reviews in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(2), P. 254 - 273

Published: Feb. 12, 2021

Human gut microbiota contributes to host nutrition and metabolism, sustains intestinal cell proliferation differentiation, modulates immune system. The alterations in their composition lead severe disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or syndrome (IBS). IBD ulcerative colitis (UC) Crohn's (CD) are gamut of chronic disorders gut, mediated by complex interrelations among genetic, environmental, internal factors. has debateable aetiology, however recent years, exploring the central role a tri-directional relationship between microbiota, mucosal system, epithelium pathogenesis is getting most attention. Increasing incidences early onset explains exponential rise burden on health-care systems. Industrialization, hypersensitivity allergens, lifestyle, hygiene hypothesis, loss worms, microbial composition, this shifted rise. Hitherto, interventions modulating microfluidics-based vitro gastrointestinal models, non-allergic functional foods, nutraceuticals, faecal transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors some futuristic approaches for management.

Language: Английский

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