Current Status of the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(16), P. 9465 - 9465

Published: Aug. 21, 2022

Osteoporosis has been defined as the silent disease of 21st century, becoming a public health risk due to its severity, chronicity and progression affecting mainly postmenopausal women older adults. is characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption production. It diagnosed through different methods such densitometry dual X-rays. The treatment this pathology focuses on aspects. On one hand, pharmacological treatments are use anti-resorptive drugs, well emerging regenerative medicine cell therapies bioactive hydrogels. other non-pharmacological associated with lifestyle habits that should be incorporated, physical activity, diet cessation harmful high consumption alcohol or smoking. This review seeks provide overview theoretical basis in relation biology, existing for diagnosis osteoporosis, including development new strategies.

Language: Английский

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Nutritional Imbalances in Adult Celiac Patients Following a Gluten-Free Diet

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 2877 - 2877

Published: Aug. 21, 2021

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the small intestine, whose only effective treatment gluten-free diet (GFD). It characterized by atrophy intestinal villi that leads to altered nutrient absorption. This study describes nutritional imbalances which may be found in adults with CD following GFD. During first year treatment, deficiencies will overcome as mucosa recovers. Thus, biochemical data show this progression, together decrease symptoms. In contrast, long term, when strict GFD followed and mucosal recovery achieved, analyzing intake makes more sense. Macronutrient consumption its low complex carbohydrate fiber intakes, high fat (especially SFA) sugar intakes. profile has been related GFP their composition, addition unbalanced dietary habits. The most notable micronutrients are usually those iron, calcium magnesium vitamin D, E some group B. necessary follow up patients promote education among them, since it could help not achieve gluten free but also balanced diet.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Flavonoid Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 523 - 523

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Osteoporosis is considered an age-related disorder of the skeletal system, characterized primarily by decreased bone mineral density (BMD), microstructural quality and elevated risk fragility fractures. This silent disease increasingly becoming a global epidemic due to aging population longer life expectancy. It known that nutrition physical activity play important role in health, both achieving highest BMD maintaining health. In this review, macronutrients (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates), micronutrients (minerals-calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, as well vitamins-D, C, K) flavonoid polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringin) which appear be essential for prevention treatment osteoporosis, are characterized. Moreover, importance various naturally available nutrients, whether diet or food supplements, emphasized. addition pharmacotherapy, basis osteoporosis healthy rich mainly fruits, vegetables, seafood fish oil specific dairy products, containing sufficient amount all aforementioned nutritional substances along with regular activity. The effect alone context may depend on individual's genotype, gene-diet interactions composition function gut microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Alcohol Consumption, Bone Mineral Density, and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 1515 - 1515

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Excess alcohol consumption is known to be detrimental human health. However, the role of light-to-moderate intake under investigation for potential certain health benefits—mostly related cardiovascular system. Nevertheless, there no univocal agreement on this matter, and research still ongoing clarify whether might other outcomes affected by intake. In regard, evidence that excess may negatively influence risk osteoporotic fractures. comprehensive literature assessing in bone mineral density (BMD) Thus, aim study was quantitatively assess dose–response relationship between BMD The Embase MEDLINE electronic databases were searched from their inception December 2021 articles providing a quantifiable measurement at least three categories (1) (and dispersion as continuous variables) some area body or (2) fracture provided relative (RR) hazard ratio (HR), with 95% confidence interval (CI) measure association each category A total 11 studies including 46,916 individuals assessment 8 240,871 analysis included. Compared non-drinkers, up two standard drinks per day correlated higher lumbar femur neck values, while one drink hip compared consumption. Higher fractures found starting (RR = 1.33, CI: 1.04; 1.69 alcoholic drinks/d, RR 1.59, 1.23; 2.05 four drinks/d) consumption, heterogeneity. Concerning any fractures, steadily increased alcohol, although never reaching statistical significance. conclusion, consistent associated fracture; however, lower doses uncertain, even light drinkers abstainers.

Language: Английский

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Effects of dietary intervention on human diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Diet, serving as a vital source of nutrients, exerts profound influence on human health and disease progression. Recently, dietary interventions have emerged promising adjunctive treatment strategies not only for cancer but also neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune cardiovascular metabolic disorders. These demonstrated substantial potential in modulating metabolism, trajectory, therapeutic responses. Metabolic reprogramming is hallmark malignant progression, deeper understanding this phenomenon tumors its effects immune regulation significant challenge that impedes eradication. Dietary intake, key environmental factor, can tumor metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates might affect the nutrient availability tumors, thereby increasing efficacy treatments. However, intricate interplay between pathogenesis other diseases complex. Despite encouraging results, mechanisms underlying diet-based remain largely unexplored, often resulting underutilization management. In review, we aim to illuminate various interventions, including calorie restriction, fasting-mimicking diet, ketogenic protein restriction high-salt high-fat high-fiber aforementioned diseases. We explore multifaceted impacts these encompassing their immunomodulatory effects, biological impacts, molecular mechanisms. This review offers valuable insights into application therapies

Language: Английский

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Nuts: Natural Pleiotropic Nutraceuticals

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 3269 - 3269

Published: Sept. 19, 2021

Common nuts (tree and peanuts) are energy-dense foods that nature has gifted with a complex matrix of beneficial nutrients bioactives, including monounsaturated polyunsaturated fatty acids, high-quality protein, fiber, non-sodium minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, antioxidant phenolics. These nut components synergize to favorably influence metabolic vascular physiology pathways, ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors improve prognosis. There is increasing evidence positively impact myriad other health outcomes as well. Nut consumption correlated lower cancer incidence mortality, decreased all-cause mortality. Favorable effects on cognitive function depression have also been reported. Randomized controlled trials consistently show cholesterol-lowering effect. confers modest improvements glycemic control, blood pressure (BP), endothelial function, inflammation. Although foods, they do not predispose obesity, in fact may even help weight loss. Tree peanuts, but peanut butter, generally produce similar positive outcomes. First level from the PREDIMED trial shows that, context Mediterranean diet, 30 g/d (walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts) significantly lowered composite endpoint major adverse events (myocardial infarction, stroke, death disease) by ≈30% after intervention for 5 y. Impressively, nut-supplemented diet reduced stroke 45%. As rich salutary bioactive compounds beneficially various outcomes, can be considered natural pleiotropic nutraceuticals.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Trace Elements and Minerals in Osteoporosis: A Review of Epidemiological and Laboratory Findings

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1006 - 1006

Published: June 17, 2023

The objective of the present study was to review recent epidemiological and clinical data on association between selected minerals trace elements osteoporosis, as well discuss molecular mechanisms underlying these associations. We have performed a search in PubMed-Medline Google Scholar databases using MeSH terms "osteoporosis", "osteogenesis", "osteoblast", "osteoclast", "osteocyte" with names particular through 21 March 2023. demonstrate that physiological nutritional levels promote osteogenic differentiation up-regulation BMP-2 Wnt/β-catenin signaling, other pathways. miRNA epigenetic effects were also involved regulation minerals. antiresorptive effect associated inhibition osteoclastogenesis. At same time, bone health appeared be dose-dependent low doses promoting an effect, whereas high exerted opposite which promoted resorption impaired formation. Concomitant results laboratory studies, several trials studies demonstrated supplementation Zn, Mg, F, Sr may improve quality, thus inducing antiosteoporotic effects.

Language: Английский

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Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D₃ in bone health and osteoporosis (Review)

International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

The objective of the present review was to summarize molecular mechanisms associated with effects vitamins A, C, E and K, group B on bone their potential roles in development osteoporosis. Epidemiological findings have demonstrated an association between vitamin deficiency a higher risk developing osteoporosis; are positively related health upon intake at physiological range. Excessive can also adversely affect formation, as clearly for A. Vitamins (tocopherols tocotrienols), K2 (menaquinones 4 7) C been shown promote osteoblast through morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, well TGFβ/Smad pathway (α‑tocopherol). Vitamin A metabolite (all‑trans retinoic acid) exerts both inhibitory stimulatory BMP‑ Wnt/β‑catenin‑mediated osteogenesis nanomolar micromolar range, respectively. Certain significantly reduce receptor activator nuclear factor kappa‑B ligand (RANKL) production RANKL/RANK while increasing level osteoprotegerin (OPG), thus reducing RANKL/OPG ratio exerting anti‑osteoclastogenic effects. Ascorbic acid inhibit RANKL being essential osteoclastogenesis. has prevent vascular calcification by activating matrix Gla its carboxylation. Therefore, maintenance should be considered nutritional strategy prevention

Language: Английский

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Lycopene: A Potent Antioxidant with Multiple Health Benefits

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid predominantly found in tomatoes and tomato‐based products. Like other phytochemicals, it exhibits health beneficial biological activities that can be exploited when used as dietary supplement. In vitro vivo , lycopene has been demonstrated to mitigate oxidative stress‐induced metabolic dysfunctions diseases including inflammation, obesity, diabetes mellitus. shown alleviate affect the bone, eye, kidney, liver, lungs, heart, nervous system. This review presents state of art regarding lycopene’s benefits its potential applications system delivery. Furthermore, protective effects against toxins, safety use, possible toxicity are explored.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Different Dietary Patterns on Bone Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 2289 - 2289

Published: July 17, 2024

Bone metabolism is a process in which osteoclasts continuously clear old bone and osteoblasts form osteoid mineralization within basic multicellular units, are dynamic balance. The of affected by many factors, including diet. Reasonable dietary patterns play vital role the prevention treatment bone-related diseases. In recent years, have changed dramatically. With continuous improvement quality life, high amounts sugar, fat protein become part people's daily diets. However, people gradually realized importance healthy diet, intermittent fasting, calorie restriction, vegetarian moderate exercise. Although these traditionally been considered healthy, their true impact on health still unclear. Studies found that caloric restriction diet can reduce mass, negative high-sugar high-fat (HSFD) pattern far greater than positive mechanical load, relationship between high-protein (HPD) remains controversial. Calcium, vitamin D, dairy products an important preventing loss. this article, we further explore different health, provide reference for how to choose appropriate future prevent loss caused long-term poor children, adolescents, elderly. addition, review provides references clinical diseases suggests policy makers should consider measures treat

Language: Английский

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