Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Osteoporosis: Molecular Mechanisms Involved and the Relationship with microRNAs

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3772 - 3772

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Osteoporosis is characterized by the alteration of bone homeostasis due to an imbalance between osteoclastic resorption and osteoblastic formation. Estrogen deficiency causes loss postmenopausal osteoporosis, pathogenesis which also involves oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, dysregulation expression microRNAs (miRNAs) that control gene at post-transcriptional levels. Oxidative increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory mediators altered levels miRNAs enhance osteoclastogenesis reduce osteoblastogenesis through mechanisms involving activation MAPK transcription factors. The present review summarizes principal molecular involved role ROS cytokines on osteoporosis. Moreover, it highlights interplay among miRNA levels, state. In fact, ROS, activating transcriptional factors, can affect expression, regulate production processes. Therefore, should help identifying targets for development new therapeutic approaches osteoporotic treatment improve quality life patients.

Language: Английский

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Diets intervene osteoporosis via gut-bone axis

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that seriously endangers the health of middle-aged and older adults. Recently, with continuous deepening research, an increasing number studies have revealed gut microbiota as potential target for osteoporosis, research concept gut-bone axis has gradually emerged. Additionally, intake dietary nutrients adoption patterns may affect microbiota, alterations in might also influence metabolic status host, thus adjusting bone metabolism. Based on axis, can participate modulation metabolism by altering abundance, diversity, composition microbiota. Herein, combined emerging literatures relevant studies, this review aimed to summarize impacts different components osteoporosis acting well underlying mechanisms proper recommendations.

Language: Английский

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Prospects of microgreens as budding living functional food: Breeding and biofortification through OMICS and other approaches for nutritional security

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Nutrient deficiency has resulted in impaired growth and development of the population globally. Microgreens are considered immature greens (required light for photosynthesis growing medium) developed from seeds vegetables, legumes, herbs, cereals. These “living superfood/functional food” due to presence chlorophyll, beta carotene, lutein, minerals like magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P), Calcium (Ca). rich at nutritional level contain several phytoactive compounds (carotenoids, phenols, glucosinolates, polysterols) that helpful human health on Earth space their anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic properties. can be used as plant-based nutritive vegetarian foods will fruitful a nourishing constituent food industryfor garnish purposes, complement flavor, texture, color salads, soups, flat-breads, pizzas, sandwiches (substitute lettuce tacos, sandwich, burger). Good handling practices may enhance microgreens’stability, storage, shelf-life under appropriate conditions, including light, temperature, nutrients, humidity, substrate. Moreover, substrate liquid solution (hydroponic system) or solid medium (coco peat, coconut fiber, coir dust husks, sand, vermicompost, sugarcane filter cake, etc. ) based variety microgreens. However integrated multiomics approaches alongwith nutriomics foodomics explored utilized identify breed most potential microgreen genotypes, biofortify increasing content (macro-elements:K, Ca Mg; oligo-elements: Fe Zn antioxidant activity) microgreens related other traits viz., fast growth, good values, high germination percentage, through implementation includes genomics, transcriptomics, sequencing-based approaches, molecular breeding, machine learning, nanoparticles, seed priming strategiesetc.

Language: Английский

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Links among Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Osteoporosis: Bone as a Target

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4827 - 4827

Published: April 28, 2024

Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are serious diseases with an ever-increasing incidence that quite often coexist, especially in the elderly. Individuals obesity T2DM have impaired bone quality elevated risk of fragility fractures, despite higher and/or unchanged mineral density (BMD). The effect on fracture is site-specific, reduced for several fractures (e.g., hip, pelvis, wrist) increased others humerus, ankle, upper leg, elbow, vertebrae, rib). Patients a greater foot, total fractures. A chronic pro-inflammatory state, falls, secondary complications, pharmacotherapy can contribute to pathophysiology aforementioned Bisphosphonates denosumab significantly vertebral patients both T2DM. Teriparatide lowered non-vertebral subjects. It important recognize obese patients, as they currently considered low tend be underdiagnosed undertreated. implementation better diagnostic tools, including trabecular score, lumbar spine BMD/body mass index (BMI) ratio, microRNAs predict fragility, could improve prevention this patient group.

Language: Английский

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Phytochemicals and Their Usefulness in the Maintenance of Health

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 523 - 523

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Inflammation is the immune system’s first biological response to infection, injury, or irritation. Evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory effect mediated by regulation of various inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor alpha-α, interferon gamma-γ, well non-cytokine mediator, prostaglandin E2. Currently, mechanism action and clinical usefulness phytochemicals known; their on activity free radicals, oxidative stress. The latter are great relevance in development diseases, evidence collected demonstrates beneficial effects maintaining health. Epidemiological indicates regular consumption fruits vegetables related a low risk developing cancer other chronic diseases.

Language: Английский

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Current knowledge of bone-derived factor osteocalcin: its role in the management and treatment of diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, osteopetrosis and inflammatory joint diseases

Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102(4), P. 435 - 452

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract Osteocalcin (OC) is the most abundant non-collagenous and osteoblast-secreted protein in bone. It consists of two forms such as carboxylated OC (cOC) undercarboxylated (ucOC). While cOC promotes bone mineralization increases strength, ucOC regarded an endocrinologically active form that may have several functions multiple end organs tissues. Total (tOC) includes both these (cOC ucOC) considered a marker turnover clinical settings. Most data on limited to preclinical studies therefore not accurately reflect situation conditions. For stated reason, aim this review was only summarize current knowledge all characterize its role diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, inflammatory joint diseases, but also provide new interpretations involvement management treatment aforementioned diseases. In context, special emphasis placed available trials. Significantly lower levels tOC could be associated with risk type 2 mellitus. On contrary, level does seem good indicator high status postmenopausal osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis. The associations between pharmacological drugs used treat disorders mentioned above been provided. From perspective, serve medium through which certain medications can influence glucose metabolism, body weight, adiponectin secretion, synovial inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Protective Role of Dietary Polyphenols in the Management and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 275 - 275

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a serious metabolic disorder, is worldwide health problem due to the alarming rise in prevalence and elevated morbidity mortality. Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, ineffective effect secretion are hallmarks of T2DM, leading many secondary complications. These include, particular, cardiovascular disorders, diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy retinopathy, foot, osteoporosis, liver damage, susceptibility infections some cancers. Polyphenols such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, tannins, lignans constitute an extensive heterogeneous group phytochemicals fresh fruits, vegetables their products. Various vitro studies, animal model studies available clinical trials revealed that flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, epicatechin, genistein, daidzein, anthocyanins), acids chlorogenic, caffeic, ellagic, gallic curcumin), stilbenes resveratrol), tannins procyanidin B2, seaweed phlorotannins), pinoresinol) have ability lower enhance sensitivity improve secretion, scavenge reactive oxygen species, reduce chronic inflammation, modulate gut microbiota, alleviate complications T2DM. The interaction between polyphenols conventional antidiabetic drugs offers promising strategy management treatment especially advanced disease stages. Synergistic effects with been documented, but also antagonistic interactions may impair drug efficacy. Therefore, additional research required clarify mutual order use knowledge applications. Nevertheless, dietary can be successfully applied part supportive for they both obvious symptoms

Language: Английский

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Using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, proteomics and experiments were used to verify the effect of Yigu decoction (YGD) on the expression of key genes in osteoporotic mice

Annals of Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 57(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Yigu decoction (YGD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription for the treatment of osteoporosis, although many clinical studies have confirmed its anti-OP effect, but specific mechanism still not completely clear.

Language: Английский

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Modifiable risk factors for bone health & fragility fractures

Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(3), P. 101758 - 101758

Published: June 22, 2022

Osteoporosis is an ageing disorder characterised by poor microstructural architecture of the bone and increase in risk fragility fractures, which often leads to hospitalisation eventually a loss mobility independence. By 2050, it estimated that more than 30 million people Europe will be affected diseases, European alone can approximately cost up 3.5 billion euros each year [1]. Although inherited variation mineral density (BMD) pre-determined 85% [2], there window opportunity optimise BMD reduce fracture through key modifiable lifestyle factors during life course. An optimal diet rich micronutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D, potassium, has long been considered important component health, attributed their direct roles within metabolism. Recently, emerging evidence suggest protein even adequate intake fruit vegetables may also play role improving [3,4]. Maintaining physically active not only protective from non-communicable diseases cardiovascular disease but shown lessen fractures later life, thereby making imperative factor for particularly supports peak mass attainment childhood/adolescence facilitate maintenance throughout adulthood [5]. Other could potentially modified osteoporosis or osteoporotic include smoking status, alcohol intake, body composition [6]. Therefore, principle aim this review highlight recent pertaining contribute health prevention life.

Language: Английский

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Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D₃ in bone health and osteoporosis (Review)

International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

The objective of the present review was to summarize molecular mechanisms associated with effects vitamins A, C, E and K, group B on bone their potential roles in development osteoporosis. Epidemiological findings have demonstrated an association between vitamin deficiency a higher risk developing osteoporosis; are positively related health upon intake at physiological range. Excessive can also adversely affect formation, as clearly for A. Vitamins (tocopherols tocotrienols), K2 (menaquinones 4 7) C been shown promote osteoblast through morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, well TGFβ/Smad pathway (α‑tocopherol). Vitamin A metabolite (all‑trans retinoic acid) exerts both inhibitory stimulatory BMP‑ Wnt/β‑catenin‑mediated osteogenesis nanomolar micromolar range, respectively. Certain significantly reduce receptor activator nuclear factor kappa‑B ligand (RANKL) production RANKL/RANK while increasing level osteoprotegerin (OPG), thus reducing RANKL/OPG ratio exerting anti‑osteoclastogenic effects. Ascorbic acid inhibit RANKL being essential osteoclastogenesis. has prevent vascular calcification by activating matrix Gla its carboxylation. Therefore, maintenance should be considered nutritional strategy prevention

Language: Английский

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