Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome across various tissues: an updated review of pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment

Journal of Ovarian Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by chronic ovulation dysfunction and overabundance of androgens; it affects 6–20% women reproductive age. PCOS involves various pathophysiological factors, affected usually have significant insulin resistance (IR), which major cause PCOS. IR compensatory hyperinsulinaemia differing pathogeneses in tissues, varies among different phenotypes. Genetic epigenetic changes, hyperandrogenaemia, obesity aggravate IR. Insulin sensitization drugs are new treatment modality for We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, UpToDate databases this review, focused on the pathogenesis with pathophysiology tissues. In addition, review provides comprehensive overview current progress efficacy therapy management PCOS, providing latest evidence clinical

Language: Английский

---

Endometriosis, Pain, and Related Psychological Disorders: Unveiling the Interplay among the Microbiome, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress as a Common Thread

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 6473 - 6473

Published: June 12, 2024

Endometriosis (EM), a chronic condition in endometrial tissue outside the uterus, affects around 10% of reproductive-age women, significantly affecting fertility. Its prevalence remains elusive due to surgical confirmation needed for diagnosis. Manifesting with range symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, dysuria, dyspareunia, fatigue, and gastrointestinal discomfort, EM impairs quality life severe pelvic pain (CPP). Psychological manifestations, notably depression anxiety, frequently accompany physical CPP serving as key mediator. Pain stems from lesions, involving oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, sensitization processes. Microbial dysbiosis appears be crucial inflammatory mechanisms underlying associated CPP, well psychological symptoms. In this scenario, dietary interventions nutritional supplements could help manage symptoms by targeting inflammation, microbiome. Our manuscript starts delving into complex relationship between comorbidities. It subsequently addresses emerging roles microbiome, stress common links among these abovementioned conditions. Furthermore, review explores how may influence composition function reduce inflammation alleviate pain, potentially affect EM-associated disorders.

Language: Английский

---

New Understanding of Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Endometriosis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. 6725 - 6725

Published: May 31, 2022

For 100 years, pelvic endometriosis has been considered to originate from the implantation of endometrial cells following retrograde menstruation or metaplasia. Since some observations, such as clonal aspect, biochemical variability lesions and in women without endometrium, genetic-epigenetic (G-E) theory describes that only begins after a series cumulative G-E cellular changes. This explains endometriotic may any pluripotent cell apart ‘endometrium-like cells’ can harbour important differences, risk is higher predisposed with more inherited incidents. A consequence high puberty which decreases progressively thereafter. Considering 10-year delay between initiation performing laparoscopy, this was observed United Arab Emirates, Belgium, France USA. The subsequent growth varies changes environment but self-limiting probably because immunologic reaction fibrosis. That each lesion different set incidents pain response hormonal treatment. New develop, recurrences surgical excision are rare. fibrosis around belongs body does not need be removed. suggests conservative minimal bowel safety margins superficial treatment ovarian endometriosis. concept also prevention by decreasing oxidative stress peritoneal microbiome. vaginal infections gastrointestinal microbiota through food intake exercise. In conclusion, initiating during adolescence UAE, France, Belgium new understanding limited opens perspectives for earlier diagnosis better

Language: Английский

---

Mediterranean Diet Combined With a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Pattern in the Treatment of Overweight Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: April 4, 2022

To determine the therapeutic effect of a Mediterranean diet (MED) combined with low-carbohydrate (LC) dietary model in overweight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients.In this 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial, 72 patients PCOS were randomly assigned to one two energy-restricted models: MED/LC or Low fat (LF) diet. After intervention, number groups returned normal menstruation was counted. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), percentage (BF%), serum fasting insulin(FINS), plasma glucose(FPG), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative sensitivity (QUIKI), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), testosterone (TT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating (FSH), prolactin (PRL) compared between 2 before after intervention.MED/LC group had more significant reduction trend weight (-6.10 ± 1.52 kg vs -4.79 0.97 kg, P < 0.05), BMI (-2.12 0.57 kg/m2 -1.78 0.36 kg/m2, WC (-6.12 5.95 cm -3.90 1.58 cm, WHR (-0.06 0.02 -0.03 0.02, BF% (-2.97% 1.78% -1.19% 0.91%, TT (-0.20 0.24 ng/mL 0.08 0.11 ng/Ml, 0.001), LH (-5.28 3.31 mIU/mL -3.39 3.64 mIU/mL, LH/FSH (-1.18 0.75 -0.66 1.05, 0.05) LF group. In addition, FPG (0.05 0.38 mmol/mL -0.50 1.01 mmol/mL, FINS (-4.88 6.11 μU/mL -8.53 5.61 μU/mL, 0.01), HOMA-IR (-1.11 1.51 -2.23 0.25, QUIKI (0.014 0.016 0.028 0.019, decreased significantly Comparing changes lipid parameters (LF MED/LC), differences TG (-0.33 0.32 mmol -0.76 mmol, TC (-0.40 1.00 -1.45 2.00 LDL-C (-0.41 1.05 -0.73 0.76 observed.The results study suggest that is good treatment for patients, restoring their menstrual cycle, improving anthropometric correcting disturbed endocrine levels, its overall effectiveness better than model. Therefore, recommends can be used PCOS.

Language: Английский

---

Endometriosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Nutritional Aspects, and Its Repercussions on the Quality of Life of Patients

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1476 - 1476

Published: July 4, 2024

Endometriosis is a chronic proinflammatory pathology characterized by the growth of tissue similar to endometrium outside uterus, affecting approximately 5 15% women worldwide. Suffering from endometriosis entails complex pathophysiological process, significantly impacting quality life and reproductive function affected women; therefore, it must be addressed in personalized comprehensive manner, as its management requires multidisciplinary approach. This article aims conduct literature review endometriosis, not only condition but also significant factor social, nutritional, mental well-being those who experience it. Emphasis placed on importance understanding assessing impact provide better more approach, integrating various alternatives strategic treatments for factors involved development. The aim complete overview pathophysiology patients, well current treatment options, both pharmacological alternative, order broaden perspective improve care patients with this disease.

Language: Английский

---

Epigallocatechin Gallate for the Treatment of Benign and Malignant Gynecological Diseases—Focus on Epigenetic Mechanisms

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 559 - 559

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

The most common malignant gynecologic diseases are cervical, uterine, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. Among them, ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other of the female reproductive system. A great number women suffer from endometriosis, uterine fibroids (UFs), adenomyosis, dysmenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which widespread benign health problems causing troublesome painful symptoms significantly impairing quality life affected women, they some main infertility. In addition to available surgical pharmacological options, effects supporting standard treatment with naturally occurring compounds, mainly polyphenols, being studied. Catechins responsible for majority potential benefits attributed green tea consumption. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is considered a non-toxic, natural compound anticancer properties. Antioxidant action its function, but attention also drawn participation in cell division inhibition, apoptosis stimulation epigenetic regulation. this narrative review, we describe role EGCG consumption preventing development disorders such as UF, PCOS, well conditions. We discuss possible mechanisms that may be related EGCG.

Language: Английский

---

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Women and Reproductive Health across the Lifespan: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 2131 - 2131

Published: April 28, 2023

The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been previously proven to have various health-related benefits; however, its effect on women's reproductive health over a lifespan is yet be summarized. This study aimed summarize the evidence-based knowledge regarding association between MD and selected outcomes. By searching PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar databases, as well reference lists, 21 studies were included in this narrative review. available evidence was very limited; there some suggestion that higher adherence may positively associated with lower risk of early age menarche (1 study) shorter menstrual cycles study), but unrelated dysmenorrhea study). Moreover, no date examined relationship onset natural menopause. Considering diseases, limited premenstrual syndrome an improvement sexual prevalence dysfunction (3 studies), general condition endometriosis pain they can experience largest number found for polycystic ovarian (PCOS; 7 studies) infertility (6 studies). Results showed infertility, while results PCOS unclear, mostly indicated beneficial trend. Further investigations are necessary establish role maintenance possible prevention treatment diseases women.

Language: Английский

---

Role of Mediterranean diet in endocrine diseases: a joint overview by the endocrinologist and the nutritionist

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 17 - 33

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this review is to examine the current evidence on potential role Mediterranean diet (MD) in prevention and management endocrine disorders highlight importance interdisciplinary collaboration between endocrinologists nutritionists. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed Google Scholar databases identify relevant studies published English. Studies were selected based their relevance MD disorders. terms included "Mediterranean diet," "endocrine disorders," "thyroid "gonadal "neuroendocrine tumors". Results reviewed suggest that may have a beneficial effect various disorders, including thyroid gonadal neuroendocrine tumors. has been associated with decreased risk nodular disease cancer, improved male female reproductive health, MD's anti-inflammatory antioxidant properties, as well its high levels phytochemicals, play effects. Conclusion Interdisciplinary nutritionists essential for optimal management. While further research needed, suggests protective against incorporation into dietary recommendations be beneficial.

Language: Английский

---

Green Tea and Benign Gynecologic Disorders: A New Trick for An Old Beverage?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1439 - 1439

Published: March 16, 2023

Green tea is harvested from the plant Camellia sinensis and one of most widely consumed beverages worldwide. It richer in antioxidants than other forms has a uniquely high content polyphenolic compounds known as catechins. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), major green catechin, been studied for its potential therapeutic role many disease contexts, including pathologies female reproductive system. As both prooxidant antioxidant, EGCG can modulate cellular pathways important to pathogenesis thus clinical benefits. This review provides synopsis current knowledge on beneficial effects benign gynecological disorders. alleviates symptom severity uterine fibroids improves endometriosis through anti-fibrotic, anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic mechanisms. Additionally, it reduce contractility improve generalized hyperalgesia associated with dysmenorrhea adenomyosis. Although infertility controversial, be used symptomatic treatment menopause, where decreases weight gain osteoporosis, well polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin: Current evidence on protective and therapeutic roles in gynecological diseases

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 344, P. 122557 - 122557

Published: March 11, 2024

Language: Английский

---