Re-thinking lactation-related nipple pain and damage

Women s Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Nipple pain is a common reason for premature cessation of breastfeeding. Despite the benefits breastfeeding both infant and mother, clinical support problems such as maternal nipple remains research frontier. Maternal pharmaceutical treatments, surgery bodywork interventions are commonly recommended lactation-related without evidence benefit. The frequently attributed to mammary dysbiosis, candidiasis, or anatomic anomaly (including diagnoses posterior upper lip-tie, high palate, retrognathia, subtle cranial nerve abnormalities). Although protocols universally state that improved fit hold mainstay treatment wounds, biomechanical parameters pain-free remain an omitted variable bias in almost all research. This article reviews literature concerning aetiology, classification, prevention, management nipple–areolar complex (NAC) damage. Evolutionary systems perspectives applied develop narrative synthesis heterogeneous interdisciplinary elucidating women. Lactation-related most symptom inflammation due repetitive application excessive mechanical stretching deformational forces epidermis, dermis stroma during milk removal. Keratinocytes lock together when exceed desmosome yield points, but if loads continue increase, desmosomes may rupture, resulting epithelial fracture. Mechanical deformation cause stromal micro-haemorrhage inflammation. environment skin uniquely conducive wound healing, it also exposed environmental risks. two key factors prevent treat are, first, elimination conflicting vectors force suckling removal, second, overhydration epithelium which risks moisture-associated There urgent need evaluation evidence-based intra-oral suckling.

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bacterial Profile Modulate Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 2865 - 2865

Published: March 5, 2022

Human milk is a complex and variable ecosystem fundamental to the development of newborns. This study aimed investigate relationships between human oligosaccharides (HMO) bacterial profiles infant body composition. samples (n = 60) were collected at two months postpartum. Infant maternal composition was measured with bioimpedance spectroscopy. assessed using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing 19 HMOs quantitated high-performance liquid chromatography. Relative abundance taxa significantly associated concentrations several fucosylated sialylated HMOs. Individual bacteria HMO intakes also anthropometry, fat-free mass, adiposity. Furthermore, when data stratified based on secretor status, some these differed among infants born vs non-secretor mothers. In conclusion, in this pilot profile composition, associations modified by status. Future research designed increase understanding mechanisms which modulate should include addition concentrations.

Language: Английский

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Maternal and Infant Characteristics and Pumping Profiles of Women That Predominantly Pump Milk for Their Infants

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 366 - 366

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Background: Whilst it is inconvenient and time-intensive, predominantly (PP) exclusively pumping (EP) mothers rely on breast expression to provide milk for their infants ensure continued supply, yet these populations are poorly understood. Methods: We assessed characterised Western Australian PP (n = 93) regarding 24 h production (MP) infant intake demographics, perinatal complications breastfeeding difficulties, the frequencies of which were compared with published general population frequencies. Pumping efficacy flow parameters during a session in 32) those that pump occasionally (reference group, n 60). Results: had higher frequency pregnancy difficulties than population. Exclusive did not impact MP amount available infant. more ejections, longer active duration lower removal ratios; however, responsiveness (time first ejection), total duration, time stop pumping, percentage removed comfort different reference group. Conclusions: Despite reported challenges, when an effective used, predominant or exclusive does negatively affect Increasing awareness impacts women may assist health professionals early identification at high risk cessation breastfeeding, escalating postpartum intervention targeted support.

Language: Английский

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Parental factors that impact the ecology of human mammary development, milk secretion, and milk composition—a report from “Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)” Working Group 1

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 117, P. S11 - S27

Published: May 1, 2023

The goal of Working Group 1 in the Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project was to outline factors influencing biological processes governing human milk secretion and evaluate our current knowledge these processes. Many regulate mammary gland development utero, during puberty, pregnancy, through secretory activation, at weaning. These include breast anatomy, vasculature, diet, lactating parent's hormonal milieu including estrogen, progesterone, placental lactogen, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone. We examine effects time day postpartum interval on secretion, along with role mechanisms parent-infant interactions bonding, particular attention actions oxytocin pleasure systems brain. then consider potential clinical conditions infection, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, cardiovascular health, inflammatory states, mastitis, particularly, gestational diabetes obesity. Although we know a great deal about transporter by which zinc calcium pass from blood stream into milk, cellular localization transporters that carry substrates such as glucose, amino acids, copper, many other trace metals present across plasma intracellular membranes require more research. pose question how cultured alveolar cells animal models can help answer lingering questions regulation secretion. raise parent infant microbiome immune system development, molecules protection pathogens. Finally, effect medications, recreational illicit drugs, pesticides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals composition, emphasizing this area needs much research attention.

Language: Английский

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Causes of Low Milk Supply: The Roles of Estrogens, Progesterone, and Related External Factors

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 100129 - 100129

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Low milk supply (LMS) poses a significant challenge to exclusive and continued breastfeeding, affecting approximately 10-15% of mothers. Milk production is intricately regulated by both endocrine autocrine control mechanisms, with oestrogens progesterone playing pivotal roles in this process. In addition endogenously produced hormones, external substances capable interfering normal hormonal actions, including phytoestrogens, mycoestrogens, synthetic oestrogens, contraceptives, can influence production. The effects these extrinsic hormones on may vary based maternal body mass index. This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted causes LMS, focusing involvement progesterone, related factors Furthermore, it investigates interplay between obesity, aiming elucidate mechanisms underlying obesity-associated LMS. Insights from provide valuable perspectives for developing interventions improve address challenges associated

Language: Английский

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Relationships between the Intakes of Human Milk Components and Body Composition of Breastfed Infants: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2370 - 2370

Published: May 18, 2023

Human milk provides all of the elements necessary for infant growth and development. Previous studies have reported associations between breastfeeding a reduced risk developing obesity late-onset metabolic disorders; however, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, intakes human components been associated with body composition, which is likely partially implicated in childhood among breastfed infants. In this systematic review, we searched electronic bibliographic databases that explored relationships 24 h macronutrients bioactive composition and/or parameters. Of 13 eligible studies, 10 assessed outcomes macronutrients, while 8 components. Significant time-dependent anthropometrics were found no concentrations several components, such as lactose, total protein, oligosaccharides, suggesting measuring without quantifying intake by may provide limited understanding. Future investigating effect on should consider actual employ standardised methods intake.

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 422 - 422

Published: March 13, 2023

Although there has been limited application in the field to date, human milk omics research continues gain traction. Human lipidomics and metabolomics is particularly important, given significance of lipids metabolites for infant health. For researchers conducting compositional analyses, it important consider origins these compounds. The current review aims provide a summary existing evidence on sources small metabolites. Here, we describe five major metabolites: de novo synthesis from mammary cells, production by microbiota, dietary consumption, release non-mammary tissue, gut microbiota. We synthesize literature understanding pathways context gland biology. recommend future focus areas elucidate lipid metabolite transport pathways. Better improve translation research, regarding modulation components health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Physiology of Human Lactation and Strategies to Support Milk Supply for Breastfeeding

Nursing for Women s Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 303 - 314

Published: July 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Human Milk Lactose, Insulin, and Glucose Relative to Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 3724 - 3724

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

Human milk (HM) components may influence infant growth and development. This study aimed to investigate relationships between body composition (BC) HM lactose, insulin, glucose (concentrations calculated daily intakes (CDI)) as well 24-h intake maternal BC at 3 months postpartum. samples were collected 2 Infant was assessed with bioimpedance spectroscopy. Statistical analysis used linear regression accounting for birth weight. CDI of lactose positively associated anthropometry, lean mass adiposity. Higher measures lower z-scores, mass, Maternal characteristics including age concentrations components, intake. In conclusion, adiposity are related development BC.

Language: Английский

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Milk Composition Is Predictive of Low Milk Supply Using Machine Learning Approaches

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 191 - 191

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Background/Objectives: The causes of low milk supply are multifactorial, including factors such as gene mutations, endocrine disorders, and infrequent removal. These affect the functional capacity mammary gland and, potentially, concentrations components. This study aimed to investigate differences in composition between mothers with normal develop predictive machine learning models for identifying supply. Methods: Twenty-four-hour production measurements were conducted using test-weigh method. An array components was measured 58 women (<600 mL/24 h) 106 (≥600 h). Machine algorithms employed prediction integrating maternal infant characteristics. Results: Among six tested, deep gradient boosting machines methods had best performance metrics. best-performing model, incorporating 14 characteristics, achieved an accuracy 87.9%, area under precision-recall curve (AUPRC) 0.893, receiver operating characteristic (AUC) 0.917. Additionally, a simplified optimised clinical applicability, maintained reasonable 78.8%, AUPRC 0.776, AUC 0.794. Conclusions: findings demonstrate potential predict high accuracy. Integrating characteristics offers practical approach identify at risk supply, facilitating timely interventions support breastfeeding ensure adequate nutrition.

Language: Английский

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