Improving geriatric outcomes through nutritional and immunonutritional strategies: Focus on surgical setting by a comprehensive evidence review

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96, P. 102272 - 102272

Published: March 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Proposed Nutrition Competencies for Medical Students and Physician Trainees

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(9), P. e2435425 - e2435425

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Importance In 2022, the US House of Representatives passed a bipartisan resolution (House Resolution 1118 at 117th Congress [2021-2022]) calling for meaningful nutrition education medical trainees. This was prompted by increasing health care spending attributed to growing prevalence nutrition-related diseases and substantial federal funding via Medicare that supports graduate education. March 2023, professional organizations agreed identify competencies Objective To recommend inclusion in improve patient population health. Evidence Review The research team conducted rapid literature review existing published between July 2013 2023. Additional were identified from learning objectives selected nutrition, culinary medicine, teaching kitchen curricula; dietetic core competencies; team–generated de novo competencies. An expert panel 22 subject matter experts 15 residency program directors participated modified Delphi process completed 4 rounds voting reach consensus on recommended competencies, level which they should be included, recommendations monitoring implementation evaluation these Findings A total articles met criteria competency extraction yielded 187 Through gray other sources, researchers 167 additional 354 These compiled refined prior voting. After voting, 36 recommendation: 30 both undergraduate levels, 2 only, only. Competencies fell into following themes: foundational knowledge, assessment diagnosis, communication skills, public health, collaborative support treatment specific conditions, indications referral. panelists (97%) assessed as part licensing board certification examinations. Conclusions Relevance represent US-based effort use establish students physician will require an iterative institutional prioritization, refinement, current future educational curricula well licensure

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities of the Soluble and Nondigestible Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) Polysaccharides with Covalent Se-Grafting

ACS Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) is cultivated as one of the staple food crops, and its edible tubers are found to contain various bioactive substances, especially so-called soluble nondigestible yam polysaccharides (YPs). However, whether covalent Se-grafting YP could lead changed antioxidant hypoglycemic activities remains unknown. YPs were thus separated from fresh Chinese using water extraction enzymatic treatment then chemically selenized yield two products, namely, YPSe-I YPSe-II. These products acquired in form selenite had different Se contents (0.795 1.48 versus 0.035 g/kg) or selenization extents. The results obtained determination capacity indicated that Se-grafted possessed a higher activity compared because they more effective scavenging both OH ABTS radicals reducing Fe3+ Fe2+. Meanwhile, YPSe-II, than inhibit digestive enzymes, α-amylase α-glucosidase. derived cell experiments YP, YPSe-I, YPSe-II not cytotoxic normal BRL-3A liver cells established insulin-resistant cells. particularly exhibited effect model was resulting increased glucose consumption enhanced oxidase superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase. Data comparison also manifested consistently demonstrated YPSe-I. It concluded high extent endowed with beneficial functions, such effect. this potentially serve suitable chemical approach modify functions natural polysaccharides.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Diabetes-Related Knowledge and Dietary Patterns Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Central Saudi Arabia: Insights for Tailored Health Education Strategies

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 233 - 233

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Background and Objectives: Understanding the knowledge dietary patterns of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is essential to identify gaps design tailored health education strategies improve self-management clinical outcomes. We assessed diabetes-related patterns, knowledge, associated factors T2DM patients. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design, surveying 363 using validated pretested questionnaire. Knowledge levels were categorized as low (<50%), medium (50–75%), high (>75%), classified unhealthy (<34%), moderately healthy (34–67%), (>67%). analyzed data Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 23.0). authors tested relationship between with Spearman’s analysis. multivariate regression approach established these two components. Results: findings revealed that 36.4% participants had 34.4% only 29.2% demonstrated knowledge. Regarding unhealthy, 33.3% healthy, 32.3% healthy. found domains positively correlated (rho = 0.649, p 0.001). Diabetes-related was significantly gender (p 0.018), duration 0.001), family history 0.007). pattern age 0.032), presence other chronic diseases 0.028). Conclusions: underscore need targeted address in promote healthier eating behaviors among Central Saudi Arabia.

Language: Английский

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The Nutritional Assessment of Bureau of Prisons Mid-Atlantic Region Commissary Offerings

Journal of Correctional Health Care, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) has both formal policies and internal guidelines for commissary food items that aim to increase access provide nutritional information individuals who experience incarceration. purpose this research was determine (a) the assessment offerings by BOP Mid-Atlantic Region because little is known about foods offered in commissaries, (b) if commissaries align with recommended packaged snack nutrition standards, (c) they follow their own standards healthy offerings. Commissary lists 21 were collected. Food analyzed categorized based on BOP's list options. None met all standards. does not its current policy or options U.S. Department Health Human Services' Service Guidelines Facilities. Furthermore, availability dominated a few select items. omission adequate increases preventable health risk exposure experiencing

Language: Английский

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Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by Dietary Antioxidants in THP-1 Macrophages and Sera from Patients with Breast Cancer

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(8), P. 1718 - 1718

Published: April 10, 2024

Polyphenols, the main antioxidants of diet, have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities. Here, we compared effects four polyphenolic compounds on ROS production levels matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 -9, which represent important pathogenetic factors breast cancer. THP-1 differentiated macrophages were activated by LPS simultaneously treated with different doses a green tea extract (GTE), resveratrol (RSV), curcumin (CRC) an olive fruit (oliplus). By using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, found that all tested showed activity in vitro. In addition, GTE, RSV CRC able to counteract induced H

Language: Английский

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A framework for ageing and health vulnerabilities in a changing climate

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 1125 - 1135

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Protein Nutritional Support on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Potential Mechanisms

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 2302 - 2302

Published: July 17, 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a complex chronic inflammatory disorder that includes Crohn’s (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), has become globally increasing health concern. Nutrition, as an important factor influencing the occurrence development of IBD, attracted more attention. As most nutrient, protein can not only provide energy nutrition required by patients, but also help repair damaged intestinal tissue, enhance immunity, thus alleviate inflammation. Numerous studies have shown nutritional support plays significant role in treatment remission IBD. This article presents comprehensive review pathogenesis IBD analyzes summarizes potential mechanisms Additionally, it provides overview clinical effects its impact on complications. Research findings reveal demonstrates benefits improving symptoms, reducing risk complications, quality life patients. Therefore, is expected to new approach for

Language: Английский

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Effect of the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) on the Progression of Retinal Disease: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(18), P. 3169 - 3169

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Worldwide, the number of individuals suffering from visual impairment, as well those affected by blindness, is about 600 million and it will further increase in coming decades. These diseases also seriously affect quality life working-age individuals. Beyond characterization metabolic, genetic, environmental factors related to ocular pathologies, important verify how lifestyle may participate induction molecular pathways underlying these diseases. On other hand, scientific studies are contributing investigations whether could intervene modulating pathophysiological cellular responses, including production metabolites neurohormonal factors, through intake natural compounds capable interfering with mechanisms that lead Nutraceuticals promising ameliorating complications disease such inflammation neurodegeneration. Moreover, characterize nutritional patterns and/or be beneficial against certain The adherence Mediterranean diet (MeDi) proposed a intervention for prevention amelioration several eye Several characteristic micronutrients MeDi, vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, adjuvants In this review, we focus on analyze effects MeDi diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, glaucoma. analysis knowledge field requested order provide direction recommendations interventions aimed prevent ameliorate

Language: Английский

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Targeting the Gut Microbiota for Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(22), P. 3951 - 3951

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder with heterogeneous etiology encompassing societal and behavioral risk factors in addition to genetic environmental susceptibility. The cardiovascular consequences of account for more than two-thirds mortality among people T2D. Not only does T2D shorten life expectancy, but it also lowers quality associated extremely high health expenditures since diabetic complications raise both direct indirect healthcare costs. An increasing body research indicates connection between gut microbial traits, as numerous alterations the intestinal microorganisms have been noted pre-diabetic individuals. These include pro-inflammatory bacterial patterns, increased permeability, endotoxemia, hyperglycemia-favoring conditions, such alteration glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Restoring homeostasis can be very beneficial preventing co-treating improving antidiabetic therapy outcomes. This review summarizes characteristics "diabetic" microbiota metabolites produced by species that worsen or ameliorate progression, suggesting microbiota-targeted strategies restore eubiosis regulate blood glucose. Nutritional supplementation, diet, physical exercise are known play important roles T2D, here their effects on discussed, non-pharmacological approaches greatly help management highlighting importance tailoring treatments individual needs.

Language: Английский

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