Cooling perspectives on the risk of pathogenic viruses from thawing permafrost

mSystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

ABSTRACT Climate change is inducing wide-scale permafrost thaw in the Arctic and subarctic, triggering concerns that long-dormant pathogens could reemerge from thawing ground initiate epidemics or pandemics. Viruses, as opposed to bacterial pathogens, garner particular interest because outbreaks cannot be controlled with antibiotics, though effects can mitigated by vaccines newer antiviral drugs. To evaluate potential hazards posed viral emerging permafrost, we review information a diverse range of disciplines. This includes efforts recover infectious virus human remains, studies on disease occurrence polar animal populations, investigations into persistence infectivity assessments exposure enormous diversity present environment. Based currently available knowledge, conclude risk viruses no greater than other environments such temperate soils aquatic systems.

Language: Английский

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Revising the paradigm: Are bats really pathogen reservoirs or do they possess an efficient immune system?

iScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 104782 - 104782

Published: July 19, 2022

Language: Английский

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Robust evidence for bats as reservoir hosts is lacking in most African virus studies: a review and call to optimize sampling and conserve bats

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Africa experiences frequent emerging disease outbreaks among humans, with bats often proposed as zoonotic pathogen hosts. We comprehensively reviewed virus–bat findings from papers published between 1978 and 2020 to evaluate the evidence that African are reservoir and/or bridging hosts for viruses cause human disease. present data 162 (of 1322) original on (1) numbers species of sampled across bat families continent, (2) how were selected study inclusion, (3) if terminally sampled, (4) what types ecological data, any, recorded (5) which detected methodology. propose a scheme evaluating presumed virus–host relationships by type quality, using contrasting available Orthoebolavirus versus Orthomarburgvirus an example. review wording in abstracts discussions all papers, identifying key framing terms, these refer findings, they might contribute people's beliefs about bats. discuss impact scientific research communication public perception emphasize need strategies minimize human–bat conflict support conservation. Finally, we make recommendations best practices will improve virological metadata.

Language: Английский

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Present and future distribution of bat hosts of sarbecoviruses: implications for conservation and public health

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1975)

Published: May 25, 2022

Global changes in response to human encroachment into natural habitats and carbon emissions are driving the biodiversity extinction crisis increasing disease emergence risk. Host distributions one critical component identify areas at risk of viral spillover, bats act as reservoirs diverse viruses. We developed a reproducible ecological niche modelling pipeline for bat hosts SARS-like viruses (subgenus

Language: Английский

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Conserving bats and their foraging habitats

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 305 - 325

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Advances in understanding bat infection dynamics across biological scales

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2018)

Published: March 6, 2024

Over the past two decades, research on bat-associated microbes such as viruses, bacteria and fungi has dramatically increased. Here, we synthesize themes from a conference symposium focused advances in of bats their microbes, including physiological, immunological, ecological epidemiological that improved our understanding bat infection dynamics at multiple biological scales. We first present metrics for measuring individual responses to challenges associated with using these metrics. next discuss within populations same species, before introducing complexities arise multi-species communities bats, humans and/or livestock. Finally, outline critical gaps opportunities future interdisciplinary work topics involving microbes.

Language: Английский

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Bat-associated microbes: Opportunities and perils, an overview

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. e22351 - e22351

Published: Nov. 18, 2023

The potential biotechnological uses of bat-associated bacteria are discussed briefly, indicating avenues for applications microbes. uniqueness bats in terms their lifestyle, genomes and molecular immunology may predispose to act as disease reservoirs. Molecular phylogenetic analysis has shown several instances harbouring the ancestral lineages bacterial (Bartonella), protozoal (Plasmodium, Trypanosoma cruzi) viral (SARS-CoV2) pathogens infecting humans. Along with transmission viruses from bats, we also discuss roles bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites emerging diseases. Current evidence suggests that environmental changes interactions between wildlife, livestock, humans contribute spill-over infectious agents other hosts. Domestic animals including livestock intermediate amplifying hosts bat-origin transmit An increasing number studies investigating bat pathogen diversity infection dynamics have been published. However, whether or how these transmitted both within populations hosts, humans, often remains unknown. Metagenomic approaches uncovering distribution microbiomes, which might improve understanding emergence transmission. Here, summarize current knowledge on zoonoses public health concern flag gaps enable further research allocation resources tackling future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Wildlife culling as a biophobic response to zoonotic disease risk: why we need a one health approach to risk communication

Frontiers in Conservation Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Zoonoses – infectious diseases that are transmitted between people and other animals one of the foremost public health threats. Public messaging is a critical tool for informing at-risk communities about zoonotic disease threats effective mitigation measures. Unfortunately, when not carefully crafted, can foster fear-based (biophobic) responses to wildlife may carry pathogens—enculturating fear, disgust, forms aversion. In worst case scenarios, biophobia hosts result in humans culling populations or destroying their habitat. To better understand how responsibly provide necessary information on zoonoses risks while also promoting an affinity (biophilia) potential pathogen hosts, we conducted literature review identify cases zoonoses-initiated culls evaluated patterns trends. We found frequently native species, rather than nonnative often increase human mitigate them. further cultural impetus behind rarely discussed literature. Clearly, more research needed this regard. Human, animal, environmental intertwined, thus prevention best addressed through One Health lens. There need conservation professionals collaborate development risk enculturates preventative measures, including biodiversity conservation.

Language: Английский

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The Importance of Accurate Host Species Identification in the Framework of Rabies Surveillance, Control and Elimination

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 492 - 492

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Accurate host identification is paramount to understand disease epidemiology and apply appropriate control measures. This especially important for multi-host pathogens such as the rabies virus, a major almost invariably fatal zoonosis that has mobilized unanimous engagement at an international level towards final goal of zero human deaths due canine rabies. Currently, diagnostic laboratories implement standardized using taxonomic keys. However, this method challenged by high undiscovered biodiversity, decomposition carcasses subjective misevaluation, been attested findings from cohort 242 archived specimens collected across Sub-Saharan Africa submitted diagnosis. We applied two simple cheap methods targeting Cytochrome b c oxidase subunit I confirm initial classification. therefore suggest prioritizing protocol includes, first step, implementation keys family or subfamily level, followed molecular characterization species.

Language: Английский

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Designing a standardized framework for data integration between zoonotic diseases systems: Towards one health surveillance

Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30, P. 100893 - 100893

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Zoonotic diseases or zoonoses account for a considerable ratio of infectious outbreak; their effective surveillance demands coordinated actions by human and animal health organizations. However, data are collected individually from standalone information systems either humans animals with varied structures, processes applications. In moving towards one (OH) surveillance, integrating the may help prevent control these diseases. Therefore, this research aimed to determine essential elements consistent reporting template interoperability. study, first, zoonotic minimum dataset (ZD-MDS) was identified according comprehensive literature review coupled agreements experts. Then, ZD-MDS mapped structured clinical vocabularies. Also, level seven-clinical document architecture (HL7-CDA) standard used define interoperable human-machine template. The divided into administrative sections five seven classes total 38 57 elements, respectively. corresponding values systematized nomenclature medicine-clinical terms (SNOMED-CT) codes were defined each element. three CDA template, extensible markup language (XML) hierarchical tags. Our study suggested that could be improved exchanging different databases across developed provided dataset, making more comparable reportable multiple studies settings.

Language: Английский

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