Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2016

Although nut consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, data on less common causes death not systematically assessed. Previous reviews missed several studies additional have since published. We therefore conducted systematic review meta-analysis disease, total cancer, cause-specific mortality. PubMed Embase were searched for prospective mortality in adult populations published up to July 19, 2016. Summary relative risks (RRs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated using random-effects models. The burden attributable low was selected regions. Twenty (29 publications) included the meta-analysis. summary RRs per 28 grams/day increase intake coronary heart 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63–0.80, I2 = 47%, n 11), stroke, 0.93 0.83–1.05, 14%, 0.79 0.70–0.88, 60%, 12), 0.85 0.76–0.94, 42%, 8), 0.78 0.72–0.84, 66%, 15), from respiratory 0.48 0.26–0.89, 61%, 3), diabetes, 0.61 0.43–0.88, 0%, 4), neurodegenerative 0.65 0.40–1.08, 5.9%, infectious 0.25 0.07–0.85, 54%, 2), kidney 0.27 0.04–1.91, 2). results similar tree nuts peanuts. If associations are causal, an estimated 4.4 million premature deaths America, Europe, Southeast Asia, Western Pacific would be below 20 grams day 2013. Higher is cancer infections.

Language: Английский

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Individual variability in human blood metabolites identifies age-related differences

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(16), P. 4252 - 4259

Published: March 28, 2016

Significance Human blood provides a rich source of information about metabolites that reflects individual differences in health, disease, diet, and lifestyle. The coefficient variation for human enriched red cells or plasma was quantified after careful preparation. We identified 14 age-related metabolites. Metabolites decline strikingly the elderly include antioxidants compounds involved high physical activity, including carnosine, UDP-acetyl-glucosamine, ophthalmic acid,1,5-anhydroglucitol, NAD + , leucine. increase significantly related to declining renal liver function. Statistical analysis suggests certain either increased decreased are correlated. Individual variability may lead identify candidates markers aging relevant diseases.

Language: Английский

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Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 108(5), P. 1069 - 1091

Published: April 27, 2018

High dietary intake or blood concentrations (as biomarkers of intake) vitamin C, carotenoids, and E have been associated with reduced risk cardiovascular disease, cancer, mortality, but these associations not systematically assessed.

Language: Английский

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Use of Metabolomics in Improving Assessment of Dietary Intake

Clinical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 64(1), P. 82 - 98

Published: Oct. 17, 2017

Abstract BACKGROUND Nutritional metabolomics is rapidly evolving to integrate nutrition with complex data discover new biomarkers of nutritional exposure and status. CONTENT The purpose this review provide a broad overview the measurement techniques, study designs, statistical approaches used in metabolomics, as well describe current knowledge from epidemiologic studies identifying metabolite profiles associated intake individual nutrients, foods, dietary patterns. SUMMARY A wide range technologies, databases, computational tools are available phenotypic information. Biomarkers identified use high-throughput techniques include amino acids, acylcarnitines, carbohydrates, bile purine pyrimidine metabolites, lipid classes. most extensively studied food groups fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, bread, whole grain cereals, nuts, wine, coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate. We 16 that evaluated signatures Dietary patterns examined included vegetarian lactovegetarian diets, omnivorous diet, Western patterns, prudent Nordic Mediterranean diet. Although many foods have been identified, those may not be sensitive or specific intakes. Some represent short-term intakes rather than long-term habits. Nonetheless, holds promise for development robust unbiased strategy measuring Still, technology intended complementary, replacement, traditional well-validated assessment methods such frequency questionnaires can measure usual relevant studies.

Language: Английский

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Diet, nutrition, and cancer: past, present and future

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 504 - 515

Published: March 8, 2016

Language: Английский

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Dietary patterns and cancer risk

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 125 - 138

Published: Dec. 17, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Mediterranean diet, plasma metabolome, and cardiovascular disease risk

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(28), P. 2645 - 2656

Published: March 18, 2020

Abstract Aims To investigate whether metabolic signature composed of multiple plasma metabolites can be used to characterize adherence and response the Mediterranean diet such a is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods results Our primary study cohort included 1859 participants from Spanish PREDIMED trial, validation cohorts 6868 US Nurses’ Health Studies I II, Professionals Follow-up Study (NHS/HPFS). Adherence was assessed using validated Diet Screener (MEDAS), metabolome profiled by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We observed substantial metabolomic variation respect adherence, nearly one-third assayed significantly MEDAS (false discovery rate < 0.05). Using elastic net regularized regressions, we identified signature, comprised 67 metabolites, robustly correlated in both NHS/HPFS (r = 0.28–0.37 between MEDAS; P 3 × 10−35 4 10−118). In multivariable Cox showed significant inverse association CVD incidence after adjusting for known risk factors (PREDIMED: hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation increment 0.71, 0.001; NHS/HPFS: HR 0.85, 0.001), persisted further adjustment scores 0.73, 0.004; 0.004). Further genome-wide analysis revealed that genetic loci involved fatty acids amino metabolism. Mendelian randomization analyses genetically inferred coronary heart (CHD) stroke (odds ratios SD 0.92 CHD 0.91 stroke; 0.001). Conclusions reflects diet, predicts future independent traditional factors, cohorts.

Language: Английский

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Precision medicine in the era of artificial intelligence: implications in chronic disease management

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Abstract Aberrant metabolism is the root cause of several serious health issues, creating a huge burden to and leading diminished life expectancy. A dysregulated induces secretion molecules which in turn trigger inflammatory pathway. Inflammation natural reaction immune system variety stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, harmful substances. Metabolically triggered inflammation, also called metaflammation or low-grade chronic consequence synergic interaction between host exposome—a combination environmental drivers, including diet, lifestyle, pollutants other factors throughout span an individual. Various levels inflammation are associated with lifestyle-related diseases diabetes, obesity, metabolic fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cancers, cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), autoimmune diseases, lung diseases. Chronic growing concern worldwide, placing heavy on individuals, families, governments, health-care systems. New strategies needed empower communities worldwide prevent treat these Precision medicine provides model for next generation lifestyle modification. This will capitalize dynamic individual’s biology, behavior, environment. The aim precision design improve diagnosis, therapeutics prognostication through use large complex datasets that incorporate individual gene, function, variations. implementation high-performance computing (HPC) artificial intelligence (AI) can predict risks greater accuracy based available multidimensional clinical biological datasets. AI-powered clinicians opportunity specifically tailor early interventions each In this article, we discuss strengths limitations existing evolving recent, data-driven technologies, AI, preventing, treating reversing

Language: Английский

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Objective assessment of dietary patterns by use of metabolic phenotyping: a randomised, controlled, crossover trial

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 184 - 195

Published: Jan. 13, 2017

BackgroundAccurate monitoring of changes in dietary patterns response to food policy implementation is challenging. Metabolic profiling allows simultaneous measurement hundreds metabolites urine, the concentrations which can be affected by intake. We hypothesised that metabolic profiles urine samples developed under controlled feeding conditions reflect intake and used model classify free-living populations.MethodsIn this randomised, controlled, crossover trial, we recruited healthy volunteers (aged 21–65 years, BMI 20–35 kg/m2) from a database clinical research unit UK. four interventions with stepwise variance concordance WHO eating guidelines aim prevent non-communicable diseases (increase fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fibre; decrease fats, sugars, salt). Participants attended inpatient stays (72 h each, separated at least 5 days), during they were given one intervention. The order diets was randomly assigned across study visits. Randomisation done an independent investigator, use opaque, sealed, sequentially numbered envelopes each contained random order. investigators not masked intervention, but analysing data randomisation During period, collected daily over three timed periods: morning (0900–1300 h), afternoon (1300–1800 evening overnight (1800–0900 h); 24 obtained pooling these samples. Urine assessed proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, diet-discriminatory identified. urinary metabolite models for diet identified associated profiles, then validated using INTERMAP UK cohort (n=225) healthy-eating Danish (n=66). This registered ISRCTN, number ISRCTN43087333.FindingsBetween Aug 13, 2013, May 18, 2014, contacted 300 people letter invitation. 78 responded, whom 26 eligible invited attend health screening. Of 20 participants who 19 completed all 72 between Oct 2, July 29, consumed provided. Analysis 1H-NMR spectroscopy indicated distinct. Significant differences seen lowest highest risks. Application derived validation datasets confirmed association (p<0·0001) (p<0·0001).InterpretationUrinary highly environment groups into consumers lower or higher disease risk on basis multivariate patterns. approach enables objective population settings enhances validity reporting.FundingUK National Institute Health Research Medical Council.

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers of Nutrition and Health: New Tools for New Approaches

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1092 - 1092

Published: May 16, 2019

A main challenge in nutritional studies is the valid and reliable assessment of food intake, as well its effects on body. Generally, intake measurement based self-reported dietary questionnaires, which have inherent limitations. They can be overcome by use biomarkers, capable objectively assessing consumption without bias assessment. Another major goal to determine biological foods their impact health. Systems analysis dynamic responses may help identify biomarkers indicative body at same time, possibly relation individuals’ health/disease states. Such could used quantify validate analyse physiological or pathological certain components diets, persons with specific deficiency, provide information inter-individual variations formulate personalized recommendations achieve optimal health for particular phenotypes, currently referred “precision nutrition.” In this regard, holistic approaches using global methods (omics approaches), gathering high amounts data, appear very useful new enhance our understanding role disease.

Language: Английский

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