Naturalistic Intensities of Light at Night: A Review of the Potent Effects of Very Dim Light on Circadian Responses and Considerations for Translational Research DOI Creative Commons
Thijs J. Walbeek, E. Harrison, Michael R. Gorman

et al.

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

In this review, we discuss the remarkable potency and potential applications of a form light that is often overlooked in circadian context: naturalistic levels dim at night (nLAN), equivalent to intensities produced by moon stars. It assumed such low do not produce responses typically associated with brighter levels. A solid understanding impacts very complicated further broad use somewhat ambiguous term “dim light,” which has been used describe ranging seven orders magnitude. Here, lay out argument nLAN exerts potent effects on numerous mammalian species, given conservation anatomy function, efficacy range humans warrants investigation. We also provide recommendations for field chronobiological research, including minimum requirements measurement reporting light, standardization terminology (specifically as it pertains “dim” light), ideas reconsidering old data designing new studies.

Language: Английский

Neuromodulatory Correlates of Pupil Dilation DOI Creative Commons
Rylan S. Larsen, Jack Waters

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 8, 2018

Pupillometry has long been used as a measure of brain state. Changes in pupil diameter are thought to coincide with the activity neuromodulators, including noradrenaline and acetylcholine, producing alterations state corresponding changes behavior. Here we review mechanisms underlying control how these correlated cortical recruitment neuromodulatory circuits.

Language: Английский

Citations

248
Melanopsin and the Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells: Biophysics to Behavior DOI Creative Commons
Michael Tri H.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 104(2), P. 205 - 226

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

239
Diversity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: circuits and functions DOI
Marcos L. Aranda, Tiffany M. Schmidt

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 78(3), P. 889 - 907

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

133
Narrow-band, long-wavelength lighting promotes hyperopia and retards vision-induced myopia in infant rhesus monkeys DOI Creative Commons

Li‐Fang Hung,

Baskar Arumugam, Zhihui She

et al.

Experimental Eye Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 147 - 160

Published: July 4, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

121
Distinct ipRGC subpopulations mediate light’s acute and circadian effects on body temperature and sleep DOI Creative Commons
Alan C. Rupp, Michelle Ren,

Cara M. Altimus

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: July 23, 2019

The light environment greatly impacts human alertness, mood, and cognition by both acute regulation of physiology indirect alignment circadian rhythms. These processes require the melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), but relevant downstream brain areas involved remain elusive. ipRGCs project widely in brain, including to central pacemaker, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Here we show that body temperature sleep responses exposure are absent after genetic ablation all except a subpopulation projects SCN. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation avoid SCN, these sufficient for changes temperature. Our results challenge idea SCN is major relay effects on non-image forming behaviors identify sensory initiate light's profound sleep.

Language: Английский

Citations

100
Mitochondria as Potential Targets and Initiators of the Blue Light Hazard to the Retina DOI Open Access
Jinxin Tao, Wenchuan Zhou, Xin-Gen Zhu

et al.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2019, P. 1 - 20

Published: Aug. 21, 2019

Commercially available white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have an intense emission in the range of blue light, which has raised a public concerns about their potential risks as retinal hazards. Distinct from other visible light components, is characterized by short wavelength, high energy, and strong penetration that can reach retina with relatively little loss damage potential. Mitochondria are abundant tissues, giving them access to chromophores, enriched retina, many mitochondria able absorb induce photochemical effects. Therefore, excessive exposure tends cause ROS accumulation oxidative stress, affect structure function trigger mitochondria-involved death signaling pathways. In this review, we highlight essential roles light-induced programmed cell indicate directions for future research preventive targets terms hazard suggest applying LED devices rational way prevent hazard.

Language: Английский

Citations

90
The Lighting Environment, Its Metrology, and Non-visual Responses DOI Creative Commons
Luc J. M. Schlangen, Luke Price

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 4, 2021

International standard CIE S 026:2018 provides lighting professionals and field researchers in chronobiology with a method to characterize light exposures respect non-visual photoreception responses. This defines five spectral sensitivity functions that describe optical radiation for its ability stimulate each of the α-opic retinal photoreceptor classes contribute effects humans via intrinsically-photosensitive ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The also recently published an open-access toolbox calculates all quantities ratios metrology photometric, radiometric photon systems, based on either measured (user-defined) spectrum or selected illuminants (A, D65, E, FL11, LED-B3) built into toolbox. For wide variety ecologically-valid conditions, melanopsin-based ipRGCs has been shown account responses, from shifting timing nocturnal sleep melatonin secretion regulating steady-state pupil diameter. Recent findings continue confirm photopigment melanopsin plays role visual may have significant influence brightness perception aspects spatial vision. Although knowledge concerning extent which rods cones interact driving is still growing, position statement used melanopic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance preliminary guidance applying “proper at proper time” manipulate Further this approach awaited participants 2nd Workshop Circadian Neurophysiological Photometry (in Manchester, August 2019). new 026 enables traceable measurements formal, quantitative specification personal exposures, photic interventions designs. Here, we apply everyday sources including natural time series, range LED products and, using toobox, smartphone display screen. collection examples suggests ways variations content over day can be adopted strategies use support human health well-being.

Language: Английский

Citations

88
Retinal pigment epithelium 65 kDa protein (RPE65): An update DOI Creative Commons
Philip D. Kiser

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 88, P. 101013 - 101013

Published: Oct. 2, 2021

Vertebrate vision critically depends on an 11-cis-retinoid renewal system known as the visual cycle. At heart of this metabolic pathway is enzyme retinal pigment epithelium 65 kDa protein (RPE65), which catalyzes unusual, possibly biochemically unique, reaction consisting a coupled all-trans-retinyl ester hydrolysis and alkene geometric isomerization to produce 11-cis-retinol. Early work isomerohydrolase demonstrated its membership carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase superfamily essentiality for 11-cis-retinal production in vertebrate retina. Three independent studies published 2005 established RPE65 actual instead retinoid-binding previously believed. Since last devoted review enzymology appeared journal, major advances have been made number areas including our understanding mechanistic details activity, phylogenetic origins, relationship membrane binding affinity catalytic role chromophore rods cones, modulation by macromolecules small molecules, involvement mutations development diseases. In article, I will these progress with goal integrating results from varied experimental approaches provide comprehensive picture biochemistry. Key outstanding questions that may prove be fruitful future research pursuits also highlighted.

Language: Английский

Citations

70
Feature Detection by Retinal Ganglion Cells DOI Creative Commons
Daniel Kerschensteiner

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 135 - 169

Published: April 6, 2022

Retinal circuits transform the pixel representation of photoreceptors into feature representations ganglion cells, whose axons transmit these to brain. Functional, morphological, and transcriptomic surveys have identified more than 40 retinal cell (RGC) types in mice. RGCs extract features varying complexity; some simply signal local differences brightness (i.e., luminance contrast), whereas others detect specific motion trajectories. To understand retina, we need know how give rise diverse RGC representations. A catalog set, turn, is fundamental understanding visual processing Anterograde tracing indicates that innervate 50 areas mouse Current maps connecting brain are rudimentary, as our signals transformed downstream guide behavior. In this article, I review selectivities RGCs, they arise, utilized downstream. Not only knowledge behavioral purpose critical for contributions vision; it can also us most relevant space.

Language: Английский

Citations

67
The role of ipRGCs in ocular growth and myopia development DOI Creative Commons

Ailin Liu,

Yunfeng Liu, Ge Wang

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(23)

Published: June 8, 2022

The increasing global prevalence of myopia calls for elaboration the pathogenesis this disease. Here, we show that selective ablation and activation intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in developing mice induced myopic hyperopic refractive shifts by modulating corneal radius curvature (CRC) axial length (AL) an opposite way. Melanopsin- rod/cone-driven signals ipRGCs were found to influence development affecting AL CRC, respectively. role progression is evidenced attenuated form-deprivation magnitudes ipRGC-ablated melanopsin-deficient animals enhanced melanopsin expression/photoresponses form-deprived eyes. Cell subtype–specific showed M1 subtype cells, probably M2/M3 are involved ocular development. Thus, contribute substantially mouse eye growth development, which may inspire novel strategies intervention.

Language: Английский

Citations

46